fix(assets): resolve Picture TDZ error when combined with content render()

.changeset/fix-picture-tdz-content-render.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Fixes a build error (`Cannot access '$$Picture' before initialization`) that occurred when a prerendered page used the `<Picture>` component and another page called `render()` on content collection entries

packages/astro/src/assets/consts.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 export const VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = 'astro:assets';
 export const RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '\0' + VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
 export const VIRTUAL_SERVICE_ID = 'virtual:image-service';
+// Internal virtual module that exports only getImage (no component references).
+// Used by the content runtime to avoid a TDZ when Picture/Image are in the same chunk.
+export const VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID = 'virtual:astro:get-image';
+export const RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID = '\0' + VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID;
 // Must keep the extension so we trigger the pipeline of CSS files
 export const VIRTUAL_IMAGE_STYLES_ID = 'virtual:astro:image-styles.css';
 export const RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_IMAGE_STYLES_ID = '\0' + VIRTUAL_IMAGE_STYLES_ID;

packages/astro/src/assets/vite-plugin-assets.ts

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ import { ASTRO_VITE_ENVIRONMENT_NAMES } from '../core/constants.js';
 import { isAstroServerEnvironment } from '../environments.js';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../types/astro.js';
 import {
+	RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID,
 	RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_IMAGE_STYLES_ID,
 	RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID,
 	VALID_INPUT_FORMATS,
+	VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID,
 	VIRTUAL_IMAGE_STYLES_ID,
 	VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID,
 	VIRTUAL_SERVICE_ID,
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ export default function assets({ fs, settings, sync, logger }: Options): vite.Pl
 			},
 			resolveId: {
 				filter: {
-					id: new RegExp(`^(${VIRTUAL_SERVICE_ID}|${VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID})$`),
+					id: new RegExp(`^(${VIRTUAL_SERVICE_ID}|${VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID}|${VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID})$`),
 				},
 				async handler(id) {
 					if (id === VIRTUAL_SERVICE_ID) {
@@ -152,13 +154,51 @@ export default function assets({ fs, settings, sync, logger }: Options): vite.Pl
 					if (id === VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
 						return RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
 					}
+					if (id === VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID) {
+						return RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID;
+					}
 				},
 			},
 			load: {
 				filter: {
-					id: new RegExp(`^(${RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID})$`),
+					id: new RegExp(`^(${RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID}|${RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID})$`),
 				},
-				handler() {
+				handler(id) {
+					if (id === RESOLVED_VIRTUAL_GET_IMAGE_ID) {
+						// Lightweight module exporting only getImage + imageConfig.
+						// No component references (Image, Picture, Font) to avoid TDZ
+						// errors when the content runtime and component pages are
+						// bundled into the same prerender chunk (see #16036).
+						const isServerEnvironment = isAstroServerEnvironment(this.environment);
+						const getImageExport = isServerEnvironment
+							? `import { getImage as getImageInternal } from "astro/assets";
+								export const getImage = async (options) => await getImageInternal(options, imageConfig);`
+							: `import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from "astro/errors";
+								export const getImage = async () => {
+									throw new AstroError(
+										AstroErrorData.GetImageNotUsedOnServer.message,
+										AstroErrorData.GetImageNotUsedOnServer.hint,
+									);
+								};`;
+
+						const assetQueryParams = settings.adapter?.client?.assetQueryParams
+							? `new URLSearchParams(${JSON.stringify(
+									Array.from(settings.adapter.client.assetQueryParams.entries()),
+								)})`
+							: 'undefined';
+
+						return {
+							code: `
+								export const imageConfig = ${JSON.stringify(settings.config.image)};
+								Object.defineProperty(imageConfig, 'assetQueryParams', {
+									value: ${assetQueryParams},
+									enumerable: false,
+									configurable: true,
+								});
+								${getImageExport}
+							`,
+						};
+					}
 					const isServerEnvironment = isAstroServerEnvironment(this.environment);
 					const getImageExport = isServerEnvironment
 						? `import { getImage as getImageInternal } from "astro/assets";

packages/astro/src/content/runtime.ts

@@ -454,8 +454,9 @@ async function updateImageReferencesInBody(html: string, fileName: string) {
 
 	const imageObjects = new Map<string, GetImageResult>();
 
-	// @ts-expect-error Virtual module resolved at runtime
-	const { getImage } = await import('astro:assets');
+	// @ts-expect-error Internal virtual module that exports only getImage (no component
+	// references like Image/Picture) to avoid TDZ errors during prerender bundling (#16036).
+	const { getImage } = await import('virtual:astro:get-image');
 
 	// First load all the images. This is done outside of the replaceAll
 	// function because getImage is async.

packages/astro/test/content-collection-picture-render.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { before, describe, it } from 'node:test';
+import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
+import { loadFixture } from './test-utils.js';
+
+// Regression test for https://github.com/withastro/astro/issues/16036
+// Using the <Picture> component on a prerendered page combined with render()
+// on content collection entries caused a TDZ error during build:
+// "ReferenceError: Cannot access '$$Picture' before initialization"
+describe('Content collection with Picture component and render()', () => {
+	/** @type {import("./test-utils.js").Fixture} */
+	let fixture;
+
+	before(async () => {
+		fixture = await loadFixture({ root: './fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/' });
+	});
+
+	describe('Build', () => {
+		before(async () => {
+			await fixture.build();
+		});
+
+		it('successfully builds pages using the Picture component', async () => {
+			const html = await fixture.readFile('/index.html');
+			assert.ok(html, 'Expected index page to be generated');
+
+			const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+			const $picture = $('picture');
+			assert.ok($picture.length, 'Expected <picture> element to be rendered');
+		});
+
+		it('successfully builds content collection pages with render()', async () => {
+			const html = await fixture.readFile('/blog/post-1/index.html');
+			assert.ok(html, 'Expected blog page to be generated');
+
+			const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+			assert.equal($('.title').text(), 'Post One');
+		});
+
+		it('resolves cover image in content collection entry', async () => {
+			const html = await fixture.readFile('/blog/post-1/index.html');
+			const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+			const $img = $('.cover');
+			assert.ok($img.attr('src'), 'Expected cover image to have a src');
+		});
+
+		it('renders content body from content collection entry', async () => {
+			const html = await fixture.readFile('/blog/post-1/index.html');
+			const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+			const $content = $('.content');
+			assert.ok($content.length, 'Expected content div to be present');
+			assert.ok($content.text().includes('Hello world'), 'Expected rendered markdown content');
+		});
+	});
+});

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/astro.config.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
+
+export default defineConfig({});

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "name": "@test/content-collection-picture-render",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "astro": "workspace:*"
+  }
+}

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/src/content.config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { defineCollection } from 'astro:content';
+import { z } from 'astro/zod';
+import { glob } from 'astro/loaders';
+
+const blog = defineCollection({
+	loader: glob({ pattern: '**/*.md', base: './src/content/blog' }),
+	schema: ({ image }) =>
+		z.object({
+			title: z.string(),
+			cover: image(),
+		}),
+});
+
+export const collections = {
+	blog,
+};

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/src/content/blog/post-1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Post One
+cover: ../../assets/test-image.png
+---
+
+Hello world! Here is an image:
+
+![test image](../../assets/test-image.png)

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/src/pages/blog/[...slug].astro

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+import { getCollection, render } from 'astro:content';
+
+export async function getStaticPaths() {
+  const posts = await getCollection('blog');
+  return posts.map((post) => ({
+    params: { slug: post.id },
+    props: { post },
+  }));
+}
+
+const { post } = Astro.props;
+const { Content } = await render(post);
+---
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>{post.data.title}</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1 class="title">{post.data.title}</h1>
+    <img class="cover" src={post.data.cover.src} width={post.data.cover.width} height={post.data.cover.height} alt="cover" />
+    <div class="content">
+      <Content />
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-collection-picture-render/src/pages/index.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+import { Picture } from 'astro:assets';
+import testImage from '../assets/test-image.png';
+---
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Picture Page</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <Picture class="hero" src={testImage} alt="Test image" formats={['webp']} />
+  </body>
+</html>