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add support for PostgreSQL range and multirange types #304

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90e6ea8
add support for PostgreSQL range and multirange types
mamantoha Nov 13, 2025
8d43a8f
fix specs
mamantoha Nov 14, 2025
13bbd26
Merge branch 'master' into range
mamantoha Feb 13, 2026
a1b16f0
Merge branch 'master' into range
mamantoha Jun 3, 2026
6c71610
Add exact PostgreSQL range value type
mamantoha Jun 3, 2026
02cb813
Cover exact range boundary preservation
mamantoha Jun 3, 2026
0bf281d
Document PG::Range decoding semantics
mamantoha Jun 3, 2026
2e1e5d7
Assert exact continuous range bounds in decoder specs
mamantoha Jun 3, 2026
c0eb342
Update src/pg/decoder.cr
mamantoha Jun 28, 2026
34c571f
Update src/pg/decoders/range_decoder.cr
mamantoha Jun 28, 2026
4ae44c6
Update src/pq/param.cr
mamantoha Jun 28, 2026
73ece8c
Merge branch 'master' into range
mamantoha Jun 28, 2026
20b24da
Scope range decoder helpers to range types
mamantoha Jun 28, 2026
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12 changes: 11 additions & 1 deletion README.md
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Expand Up @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ querying, etc, can be found at:

### shards

Add this to your `shard.yml` on a generated crystal project,
Add this to your `shard.yml` on a generated crystal project,
and run `shards install`

``` yml
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ Since it uses protocol version 3, older versions probably also work but are not
- varchar
- regtype
- geo types: point, box, path, lseg, polygon, circle, line
- range types: int4range, int8range, daterange, tsrange, tstzrange, numrange (3)
- multirange types: int4multirange, int8multirange, datemultirange, tsmultirange, tstzmultirange, nummultirange (4)
- array types: int8, int4, int2, float8, float4, bool, text, numeric, timestamptz, date, timestamp
- interval (2)

Expand All @@ -161,6 +163,14 @@ Since it uses protocol version 3, older versions probably also work but are not
in Crystal datatype. Therfore we provide a `PG::Interval` type that can be converted to
`Time::Span` and `Time::MonthSpan`.

3: A note on ranges: PostgreSQL range types map to Crystal's `Range` type with support
for all boundary combinations (`[]`, `()`, etc.), empty ranges, and infinite bounds using
beginless/endless syntax (`..10`, `5..`, `..`). Discrete types (int/date) are canonicalized
to `[lower,upper)` form, while continuous types (timestamp/numeric) preserve exact boundaries.

4: A note on multiranges: PostgreSQL multirange types (PostgreSQL 14+) map to Crystal's
`Array(Range)` type, supporting ordered lists of non-contiguous ranges.

# Authentication Methods

By default this driver will accept `scram-sha-256` and `md5`, as well as
Expand Down
109 changes: 109 additions & 0 deletions spec/pg/decoders/range_decoder_spec.cr
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@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
require "../../spec_helper"

describe PG::Decoders do
describe "ranges" do
describe "int4range" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(1,10)'::int4range", 2...10 # PostgreSQL canonicalizes discrete ranges to [a,b) form
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(1,10]'::int4range", 2...11
test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[1,10)'::int4range", 1...10
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[1,10]'::int4range", 1...11 # [a,b] becomes [a,b+1) for discrete types
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mamantoha marked this conversation as resolved.
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::int4range", 0...0
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,10]'::int4range", nil...11
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[1,)'::int4range", 1...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::int4range", nil...nil
end

describe "int8range" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(3000000000,4000000000)'::int8range", 3_000_000_001...4_000_000_000
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(3000000000,4000000000]'::int8range", 3_000_000_001...4_000_000_001
test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[3000000000,4000000000)'::int8range", 3_000_000_000...4_000_000_000
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[3000000000,4000000000]'::int8range", 3_000_000_000...4_000_000_001
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::int8range", 0_i64...0_i64
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,4000000000]'::int8range", nil...4_000_000_001
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[3000000000,)'::int8range", 3_000_000_000...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::int8range", nil...nil
end

describe "daterange" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(2023-01-01,2023-12-31)'::daterange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 2)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31)
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(2023-01-01,2023-12-31]'::daterange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 2)...Time.utc(2024, 1, 1)
test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[2023-01-01,2023-12-31)'::daterange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31)
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[2023-01-01,2023-12-31]'::daterange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1)...Time.utc(2024, 1, 1)
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::daterange", Time.unix(0)...Time.unix(0)
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,2023-12-31]'::daterange", nil...Time.utc(2024, 1, 1)
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[2023-01-01,)'::daterange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1)...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::daterange", nil...nil
end

describe "tsrange" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(2023-01-01 10:30:00,2023-12-31 15:45:00)'::tsrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(2023-01-01 10:30:00,2023-12-31 15:45:00]'::tsrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0) # Crystal can't represent exclusive lower
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test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00,2023-12-31 15:45:00)'::tsrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00,2023-12-31 15:45:00]'::tsrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::tsrange", Time.unix(0)...Time.unix(0)
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,2023-12-31 15:45:00]'::tsrange", nil..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00,)'::tsrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::tsrange", nil...nil
end

describe "tstzrange" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,2023-12-31 15:45:00+00)'::tstzrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,2023-12-31 15:45:00+00]'::tstzrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,2023-12-31 15:45:00+00)'::tstzrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,2023-12-31 15:45:00+00]'::tstzrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::tstzrange", Time.unix(0)...Time.unix(0)
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,2023-12-31 15:45:00+00]'::tstzrange", nil..Time.utc(2023, 12, 31, 15, 45, 0)
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,)'::tstzrange", Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::tstzrange", nil...nil
end

describe "numrange" do
test_decode "(lower,upper) - both exclusive", "'(1.5,10.75)'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])...PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [10_i16, 7500_i16])
test_decode "(lower,upper] - exclusive lower, inclusive upper", "'(1.5,10.75]'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])..PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [10_i16, 7500_i16])
test_decode "[lower,upper) - inclusive lower, exclusive upper", "'[1.5,10.75)'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])...PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [10_i16, 7500_i16])
test_decode "[lower,upper] - both inclusive", "'[1.5,10.75]'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])..PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [10_i16, 7500_i16])
test_decode "empty range", "'empty'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(1_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, [0_i16])...PG::Numeric.new(1_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, [0_i16])
test_decode "(-infinity,upper] - infinite lower bound", "'(,10.75]'::numrange", nil..PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [10_i16, 7500_i16])
test_decode "[lower,+infinity) - infinite upper bound", "'[1.5,)'::numrange", PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])...nil
test_decode "(-infinity,+infinity) - both bounds infinite", "'(,)'::numrange", nil...nil
end
end

if Helper.db_version_gte(14)
describe "multiranges" do
describe "int4multirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::int4multirange", [] of Range(Int32?, Int32?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[1,5)}'::int4multirange", [1...5]
test_decode "multiple ranges", "'{[1,3), [7,10)}'::int4multirange", [1...3, 7...10]
test_decode "with infinite bounds", "'{(,0), [10,)}'::int4multirange", [nil...0, 10...nil]
end

describe "int8multirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::int8multirange", [] of Range(Int64?, Int64?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[1,5)}'::int8multirange", [1_i64...5_i64]
test_decode "multiple ranges", "'{[1,3), [7,10)}'::int8multirange", [1_i64...3_i64, 7_i64...10_i64]
end

describe "datemultirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::datemultirange", [] of Range(Time?, Time?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[2023-01-01,2023-01-05)}'::datemultirange", [Time.utc(2023, 1, 1)...Time.utc(2023, 1, 5)]
test_decode "multiple ranges", "'{[2023-01-01,2023-01-03), [2023-01-07,2023-01-10)}'::datemultirange", [Time.utc(2023, 1, 1)...Time.utc(2023, 1, 3), Time.utc(2023, 1, 7)...Time.utc(2023, 1, 10)]
end

describe "tsmultirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::tsmultirange", [] of Range(Time?, Time?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[2023-01-01 10:30:00,2023-01-01 15:30:00)}'::tsmultirange", [Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 15, 30, 0)]
end

describe "tstzmultirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::tstzmultirange", [] of Range(Time?, Time?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[2023-01-01 10:30:00+00,2023-01-01 15:30:00+00)}'::tstzmultirange", [Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 10, 30, 0)...Time.utc(2023, 1, 1, 15, 30, 0)]
end

describe "nummultirange" do
test_decode "empty", "'{}'::nummultirange", [] of Range(PG::Numeric?, PG::Numeric?)
test_decode "single range", "'{[1.5,5.75)}'::nummultirange", [PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 1_i16, [1_i16, 5000_i16])...PG::Numeric.new(2_i16, 0_i16, 0_i16, 2_i16, [5_i16, 7500_i16])]
end
end
end
end
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