fix: Avoid O(n^2) masked source rebuild in inline tokenizer

[hong4rc]

While looking for remaining quadratic paths after markedjs#4013/markedjs#4014, I found that the link-masking step in Lexer.tokenize is O(n²) on some ordinary inputs.

Before em/strong processing, tokenize masks out reflinks, escaped characters, and other inline blocks so they don't interfere. Each of the three masks ran a while ((match = rule.exec(maskedSrc))) loop that rebuilt the entire maskedSrc string on every match:

while ((match = this.tokenizer.rules.inline.anyPunctuation.exec(maskedSrc)) !== null) {
  maskedSrc = maskedSrc.slice(0, match.index) + '++' + maskedSrc.slice(...lastIndex);
}

For an input with k matches that's k full-length string rebuilds — O(k·n), i.e. quadratic when the matches are dense. It's easy to hit with perfectly normal markdown: a paragraph full of escaped punctuation, many inline `code` spans, or many reference-style [ref] links. On my machine (marked.parse at HEAD):

input	time
'\\.'.repeat(100000)	~2.4 s
'`x` '.repeat(60000)	~1.6 s
'[a]: x\n\n' + '[a] '.repeat(100000)	~4.3 s

The masking regexes match linearly on their own — the cost is purely the repeated slice+concat rebuild, not the regex. This is the string-rebuild sibling of the em-mask work in markedjs#2818 (which fixed the regex side).

The fix replaces each hand-rolled loop with a single-pass String.prototype.replace, so the masked string is built once instead of k times. Every replacement is exactly the same length as what it replaces (reflink → [ + a×(len−2) + ], escapes → ++, blockSkip → context prefix + same-length padding), so the global regex's lastIndex bookkeeping is unaffected and the output is byte-identical — the whole spec suite (CommonMark, GFM, original, redos) passes unchanged. The three inputs above drop to ~5 ms / ~40 ms / ~68 ms and scale linearly.

I added test/specs/redos/quadratic_inline_masking.cjs covering the three shapes; each exceeds the redos harness's 1-second budget on master and passes with this change.

[hong4rc]

Superseded by upstream markedjs#4017