This repository only includes works where a coding agent (or an LLM writing code) builds the world model as executable code — the program holds the world's state, rules and dynamics, and running it predicts what happens next. In general, we do not list purely neural world models or works that only predict the output of existing code.
Kepler: Auditable World Models for ARC-AGI-3 | Sep 2026
Wensen Wu
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
Schema: Discovering Unknown Environments via Agentic Program Induction | Sep 2026
Guanning Zeng, Jiani Wang, Wenjie Ma, Shaofeng Yin, Chenyang Wang, Shichen Liu, Angjoo Kanazawa, Wode Ni, Xiuyu Li, Andrea Zanette, Haiwen Feng
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
EMPIRIC: Experiment-Driven Learning of Residual World Models for Robot Planning | Sep 2026
Yichao Liang, Amber Li, Dat Nguyen, Emily Bunnapradist, Michelangelo Naim, Sreela Kodali, Matteo Merler, Bowen Li, Kiran Gopinathan, Yiyun Liu, Nikhil Pimpalkhare, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Adrian Weller, Zenna Tavares, Tom Silver, Kevin Ellis
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
Training Object Permanence in World Models | Sep 2026
Haotian Zhang, Fengyuan Yu, Dezhi Luo, Haoran Sun, Zehong Zhao, Qingying Gao, Yihan Li, Siyuan An, Huayi Qin, Yilan Zhang, Zhengze Jiang, Pinyuan Feng, Renrui Zhang, Ziyu Guo, Letian Wang, Mengyue Yang, Kangfu Mei, Maijunxian Wang, Ran Ji, Vikash Kumar, Freda Shi, Chandra Sripada, Vincent C. Muller, Philip Torr, Alan Yuille, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Felix Juefei-Xu, Lvmin Zhang, Jieneng Chen, Yilun Du, Hokin Deng
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Code Plans, Diffusion Renders: Open-Ended Generative World Modeling | Sep 2026
Zixun Fang, Yawen Shao, Kai Zhu, Jie Xiao, Shihan Chen, Yu Liu, Xueyang Fu, Yang Cao, Wei Zhai, Zheng-Jun Zha
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
GameDirector: Decoupling Gameplay Logic from Rendering for Player-Configurable Game World Models | Sep 2026
Zijun Lin, Zhiyang Deng, Yuzhe Wu, Bihan Wen, Yeying Jin
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
Recursive Code World Models: Building Complex Worlds through Recursive Scene Programs | Sep 2026
Zhiqi Li, Yuxuan Liao, Bo Zhu
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Programmable World Model | Sep 2026
Zheng-Hui Huang, Guixu Lin, Jiacheng Lin, Yi-Chuan Huang, Ruihan Yu, Muyao Niu, Siqi Yang, Yu-Lun Liu, Yung-Yu Chuang, Kaipeng Zhang, Zhixiang Wang
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Code as Worlds: Agentic Discovery of Executable World Representations for Physical Reasoning | Aug 2026
Hanyang Wang, Yimo Cai, Weiliang Chen, Jiawei Chi, Haowen Sun, Qiyu Dai, Yi-Hsin Hung, Xingzhuo Guo, Jinshan Ren, Runmao Yao, Ziwei Liu, Mingsheng Long, Yueqi Duan, Jun Gao, Jiangran Lyu, Fangfu Liu, Jialong Wu
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Code World Model: Coding Agent as World Brain | Aug 2026
Yiwen Chen, Guosheng Lin, Chi Zhang
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Twin: Playing an Unknown Game with a Test-Time Digital Twin | Aug 2026
Alexy Skoutnev, Kirill Acharya, Gaston Longhitano, Madeleine Udell, Kevin Ellis, Iddo Drori
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
PhysMind: From Video to Executable Worlds for Training-Free Physical Reasoning | Aug 2026
Chen Yang, Shenxiang Zeng, Haoyang Zhao, Zhouyuan Xu, Youquan He, Haoyu Li, Mingyi Deng, Jiansheng Fan, Chen Wang
📄 Paper
World-Time Compute with Verified Code World Models | Jul 2026
James Schwoebel, Ingrida Semenec, Jenia Rousseva, Marcos Ortiz, Collin Overbay, Christopher Klaus, Anderson Edmond, Manish Bhatt, Rome Thorstenson, Jessica Tsai, Martin G. Frasch
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Tycho: Active Abstraction with Programmatic World Models for ARC-AGI-3 | Jul 2026
Jens Lehmann, Andrei Aioanei, Sahar Vahdati
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine System | Jul 2026
Haodong Li, Tianfei Ren, Xiaoxiao Ma, Chunmei Qing, Zhen Fang, Sipeng He, Ziyu Guo, Haoyu Wu, Juanxi Tian, Yihang Zou, Ruichuan An, Dongzhi Jiang, Boxue Yang, Ji Xie, Xu Huang, Wenhao Yan, Jialv Zou, Zhengrong Yue, Yaxin Luo, Xiaotong Li, Yuzhu Wang, Junyan Ye, Jinjing Zhao, Zehui Chen, Lin Chen, Renye Yan, Feng Zhao, Pheng-Ann Heng
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
VisualPatchWorld: Code World Models as Latent Structured Representations for Planning | Jul 2026
Jiaxin Bai, Jiaxuan Xiong
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Do Coding Agents Need Executable World Models, Simplification, and Verification to Solve ARC-AGI-3? | Jul 2026
Sergey Rodionov
📄 Paper
OPINE-World: Programmatic World Modeling with Ontology-error-Prioritized Interactive Exploration for ARC-AGI-3 | Jul 2026
David Courtis, Wenhao Li, Scott Sanner
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Mind-Studio: Executable World Models with Lookahead Evaluation for Partially Observable Games | Jun 2026
Yifei Dong, Mingen Zheng, Linquan Wu, Jeff Z. Pan, Jiaxin Bai
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Bridging the Agent-World Gap: Text World Models for LLM-based Agents | Jun 2026
Yixia Li, Hongru Wang, Peng Lai, Zhiwen Ruan, He Zhu, Youxin Zhu, Ganlong Zhao, Minda Hu, Yun Chen, Sibei Yang, Peng Li, Jeff Z. Pan, Jia Pan, Guanhua Chen, Yang Liu, Guanbin Li
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
WorldCoder-Bench: Benchmarking Physically Grounded 3D World Synthesis | Jun 2026
Shuo Lu, Yinuo Xu, Kecheng Yu, Siru Jiang, Yongcan Yu, Yubin Wang, Haitao Yang, Yuxiang Zhang, Bin Wang, Ran He, Jian Liang
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
MPMWorlds: Material-Point-Method Simulations for Inferring and Extrapolating Physical Dynamics | Jun 2026
Žiga Kovačič, Kevin Ellis
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
PatchWorld: Gradient-Free Optimization of Executable World Models for Agent Environments | May 2026
Jiaxin Bai, Yue Guo, Yifei Dong, Jiaxuan Xiong, Tianshi Zheng, Yixia Li, Tianqing Fang, Yufei Li, Yisen Gao, Haoyu Huang, Zhongwei Xie, Hong Ting Tsang, Zihao Wang, Lihui Liu, Jeff Z. Pan, Yangqiu Song
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Distilling Game Code World Model Generation into Lightweight Large Language Models | May 2026
Tyrone Serapio, Arjun Prakash, Haoyang Xu, Kevin Wang, Amy Greenwald
📄 Paper
Baba in Wonderland: Online Self-Supervised Dynamics Discovery for Executable World Models | May 2026
SeungWon Seo, DongHeun Han, SeongRae Noh, HyeongYeop Kang
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
ChronoAgentic: A Code-based Multi-Agent World Simulator for Physically Grounded Simulation Construction | May 2026
Hongyu Wang, Jingquan Wang, Ashvin Anilkumar, Bocheng Zou, Radu Serban, Dan Negrut
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
Executable World Models for ARC-AGI-3 in the Era of Coding Agents | May 2026
Sergey Rodionov
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
VisPhyWorld: Probing Physical Reasoning via Code-Driven Video Reconstruction | Feb 2026
Jiarong Liang, Max Ku, Ka-Hei Hui, Ping Nie, Wenhu Chen
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Code2Worlds: Empowering Coding LLMs for 4D World Generation | Feb 2026
Yi Zhang, Yunshuang Wang, Zeyu Zhang, Hao Tang
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Agent World Model: Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learning | Feb 2026
Zhaoyang Wang, Canwen Xu, Boyi Liu, Yite Wang, Siwei Han, Zhewei Yao, Huaxiu Yao, Yuxiong He
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Code2World: A GUI World Model via Renderable Code Generation | Feb 2026
Yuhao Zheng, Li'an Zhong, Yi Wang, Rui Dai, Kaikui Liu, Xiangxiang Chu, Linyuan Lv, Philip Torr, Kevin Qinghong Lin
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
SWE-World: Building Software Engineering Agents in Docker-Free Environments | Feb 2026
Shuang Sun, Huatong Song, Lisheng Huang, Jinhao Jiang, Ran Le, Zhihao Lv, Zongchao Chen, Yiwen Hu, Wenyang Luo, Wayne Xin Zhao, Yang Song, Hongteng Xu, Tao Zhang, Ji-Rong Wen
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Generative Visual Code Mobile World Models | Feb 2026
Woosung Koh, Sungjun Han, Segyu Lee, Se-Young Yun, Jamin Shin
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
CASSANDRA: Programmatic and Probabilistic Learning and Inference for Stochastic World Modeling | Jan 2026
Panagiotis Lymperopoulos, Abhiramon Rajasekharan, Ian Berlot-Attwell, Stéphane Aroca-Ouellette, Kaheer Suleman
📄 Paper
Web World Models | Dec 2025
Jichen Feng, Yifan Zhang, Chenggong Zhang, Yifu Lu, Shilong Liu, Mengdi Wang
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Agent2World: Learning to Generate Symbolic World Models via Adaptive Multi-Agent Feedback | Dec 2025
Mengkang Hu, Bowei Xia, Yuran Wu, Ailing Yu, Yude Zou, Qiguang Chen, Shijian Wang, Jiarui Jin, Kexin Li, Wenxiang Jiao, Yuan Lu, Ping Luo
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Benchmarking World-Model Learning with Environment-Level Queries | Oct 2025
Archana Warrier, Dat Nguyen, Michelangelo Naim, Moksh Jain, Yichao Liang, Karen Schroeder, Cambridge Yang, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Sebastian Vollmer, Kevin Ellis, Zenna Tavares
📄 Paper
One Life to Learn: Inferring Symbolic World Models for Stochastic Environments from Unguided Exploration | Oct 2025
Zaid Khan, Archiki Prasad, Elias Stengel-Eskin, Jaemin Cho, Mohit Bansal
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Code World Models for General Game Playing | Oct 2025
Wolfgang Lehrach, Daniel Hennes, Miguel Lazaro-Gredilla, Xinghua Lou, Carter Wendelken, Zun Li, Antoine Dedieu, Jordi Grau-Moya, Marc Lanctot, Atil Iscen, John Schultz, Marcus Chiam, Ian Gemp, Piotr Zielinski, Satinder Singh, Kevin P. Murphy
📄 Paper
CWM: An Open-Weights LLM for Research on Code Generation with World Models | Sep 2025
FAIR CodeGen team, Jade Copet, Quentin Carbonneaux, Gal Cohen, Jonas Gehring, Jacob Kahn, Jannik Kossen, Felix Kreuk, Emily McMilin, Michel Meyer, Yuxiang Wei, David Zhang, Kunhao Zheng, Jordi Armengol-Estapé, Pedram Bashiri, Maximilian Beck, Pierre Chambon, Abhishek Charnalia, Chris Cummins, Juliette Decugis, Zacharias V. Fisches, François Fleuret, Fabian Gloeckle, Alex Gu, Michael Hassid, Daniel Haziza, Badr Youbi Idrissi, Christian Keller, Rahul Kindi, Hugh Leather, Gallil Maimon, Aram Markosyan, Francisco Massa, Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré, Vegard Mella, Naila Murray, Keyur Muzumdar, Peter O'Hearn, Matteo Pagliardini, Dmitrii Pedchenko, Tal Remez, Volker Seeker, Marco Selvi, Oren Sultan, Sida Wang, Luca Wehrstedt, Ori Yoran, Lingming Zhang, Taco Cohen, Yossi Adi, Gabriel Synnaeve
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Programmatic Video Prediction Using Large Language Models | May 2025
Hao Tang, Kevin Ellis, Suhas Lohit, Michael J. Jones, Moitreya Chatterjee
📄 Paper
PoE-World: Compositional World Modeling with Products of Programmatic Experts | May 2025
Wasu Top Piriyakulkij, Yichao Liang, Hao Tang, Adrian Weller, Marta Kryven, Kevin Ellis
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
Synthesizing world models for bilevel planning | Mar 2025
Zergham Ahmed, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Christopher J. Bates, Samuel J. Gershman
📄 Paper
LLMPhy: Parameter-Identifiable Physical Reasoning Combining Large Language Models and Physics Engines | Nov 2024
Anoop Cherian, Radu Corcodel, Siddarth Jain, Diego Romeres
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
FactorSim: Generative Simulation via Factorized Representation | Sep 2024
Fan-Yun Sun, S. I. Harini, Angela Yi, Yihan Zhou, Alex Zook, Jonathan Tremblay, Logan Cross, Jiajun Wu, Nick Haber
📄 Paper | 💻 Project
Generating Code World Models with Large Language Models Guided by Monte Carlo Tree Search | May 2024
Nicola Dainese, Matteo Merler, Minttu Alakuijala, Pekka Marttinen
📄 Paper | 💻 Project | 💻 Code
WorldCoder, a Model-Based LLM Agent: Building World Models by Writing Code and Interacting with the Environment | Feb 2024
Hao Tang, Darren Key, Kevin Ellis
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
GPT4Motion: Scripting Physical Motions in Text-to-Video Generation via Blender-Oriented GPT Planning | Nov 2023
Jiaxi Lv, Yi Huang, Mingfu Yan, Jiancheng Huang, Jianzhuang Liu, Yifan Liu, Yafei Wen, Xiaoxin Chen, Shifeng Chen
📄 Paper
From Word Models to World Models: Translating from Natural Language to the Probabilistic Language of Thought | Jun 2023
Lionel Wong, Gabriel Grand, Alexander K. Lew, Noah D. Goodman, Vikash K. Mansinghka, Jacob Andreas, Joshua B. Tenenbaum
📄 Paper
ByteSized32: A Corpus and Challenge Task for Generating Task-Specific World Models Expressed as Text Games | May 2023
Ruoyao Wang, Graham Todd, Eric Yuan, Ziang Xiao, Marc-Alexandre Côté, Peter Jansen
📄 Paper | 💻 Code
Contributions are welcome! Please submit a pull request to add a paper — see CONTRIBUTING.md.
This list is released under CC0 1.0.