From a382a9031bf511c80da90f9932bf27ee13cde9c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Carlton Aikins Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 15:24:19 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/7] feat(provider/cartesia): add Sonic TTS and Ink-Whisper STT provider Introduce @ai-sdk/cartesia with batch speech and transcription support, docs, examples, and model table updates following the ElevenLabs audio provider pattern. Co-authored-by: Cursor --- .github/konsistent.json | 1 + .../docs/03-ai-sdk-core/36-transcription.mdx | 1 + content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/37-speech.mdx | 4 + .../01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx | 220 +++++++++++++++ examples/ai-functions/package.json | 1 + .../src/generate-speech/cartesia/basic.ts | 19 ++ .../src/transcribe/cartesia/basic.ts | 18 ++ packages/cartesia/CHANGELOG.md | 1 + packages/cartesia/README.md | 39 +++ packages/cartesia/package.json | 78 +++++ .../__fixtures__/cartesia-transcription.json | 13 + packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts | 18 ++ packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-config.ts | 9 + packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts | 24 ++ packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts | 13 + packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts | 151 ++++++++++ .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts | 39 +++ .../src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts | 23 ++ .../src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts | 266 ++++++++++++++++++ .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts | 233 +++++++++++++++ .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts | 10 + .../cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts | 13 + .../src/cartesia-transcription-model.test.ts | 151 ++++++++++ .../src/cartesia-transcription-model.ts | 157 +++++++++++ .../src/cartesia-transcription-options.ts | 1 + packages/cartesia/src/index.ts | 15 + packages/cartesia/src/transcript-test.mp3 | Bin 0 -> 40169 bytes packages/cartesia/src/version.ts | 6 + packages/cartesia/tsconfig.build.json | 7 + packages/cartesia/tsconfig.json | 25 ++ packages/cartesia/tsup.config.ts | 16 ++ packages/cartesia/turbo.json | 12 + packages/cartesia/vitest.edge.config.js | 13 + packages/cartesia/vitest.node.config.js | 13 + pnpm-lock.yaml | 31 ++ 35 files changed, 1641 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx create mode 100644 examples/ai-functions/src/generate-speech/cartesia/basic.ts create mode 100644 examples/ai-functions/src/transcribe/cartesia/basic.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/CHANGELOG.md create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/README.md create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/package.json create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/__fixtures__/cartesia-transcription.json create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-config.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.test.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-options.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/index.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/transcript-test.mp3 create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/version.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/tsconfig.build.json create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/tsconfig.json create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/tsup.config.ts create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/turbo.json create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/vitest.edge.config.js create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/vitest.node.config.js diff --git a/.github/konsistent.json b/.github/konsistent.json index 7833564055f1..b406db90d369 100644 --- a/.github/konsistent.json +++ b/.github/konsistent.json @@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ "kebabToPascalMap": { "assemblyai": "AssemblyAI", "bytedance": "ByteDance", + "cartesia": "Cartesia", "deepagents": "DeepAgents", "deepinfra": "DeepInfra", "deepseek": "DeepSeek", diff --git a/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/36-transcription.mdx b/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/36-transcription.mdx index 04c401e610fc..1afc54bd53b2 100644 --- a/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/36-transcription.mdx +++ b/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/36-transcription.mdx @@ -306,5 +306,6 @@ try { | [Google Vertex](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex#transcription-models) | `chirp_3` | | [Google Vertex](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex#transcription-models) | `telephony` | | [xAI](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/xai#transcription-models) | `default` | +| [Cartesia](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia#transcription-models) | `ink-whisper` | Above are a small subset of the transcription models supported by the AI SDK providers. For more, see the respective provider documentation. diff --git a/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/37-speech.mdx b/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/37-speech.mdx index 0cb50dbb9ca9..0a6ce153ee31 100644 --- a/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/37-speech.mdx +++ b/content/docs/03-ai-sdk-core/37-speech.mdx @@ -168,5 +168,9 @@ try { | [Google Vertex](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex#speech-models) | `gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-tts` | | [Google Vertex](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/google-vertex#speech-models) | `gemini-3.1-flash-tts-preview` | | [xAI](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/xai#speech-models) | `default` | +| [Cartesia](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia#speech-models) | `sonic-3.5` | +| [Cartesia](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia#speech-models) | `sonic-3` | +| [Cartesia](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia#speech-models) | `sonic-2` | +| [Cartesia](/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia#speech-models) | `sonic-turbo` | Above are a small subset of the speech models supported by the AI SDK providers. For more, see the respective provider documentation. diff --git a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..76f9b056a66d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +--- +title: Cartesia +description: Learn how to use the Cartesia provider for the AI SDK. +--- + +# Cartesia Provider + +The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains language model support for the Cartesia speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) APIs. + +## Setup + +The Cartesia provider is available in the `@ai-sdk/cartesia` module. You can install it with + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +## Provider Instance + +You can import the default provider instance `cartesia` from `@ai-sdk/cartesia`: + +```ts +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +``` + +If you need a customized setup, you can import `createCartesia` from `@ai-sdk/cartesia` and create a provider instance with your settings: + +```ts +import { createCartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; + +const cartesia = createCartesia({ + // custom settings, e.g. + fetch: customFetch, +}); +``` + +You can use the following optional settings to customize the Cartesia provider instance: + +- **apiKey** _string_ + + API key that is being sent using the `Authorization` header. + It defaults to the `CARTESIA_API_KEY` environment variable. + +- **version** _string_ + + The Cartesia API version to use (sent via the `Cartesia-Version` header). + +- **headers** _Record<string,string>_ + + Custom headers to include in the requests. + +- **fetch** _(input: RequestInfo, init?: RequestInit) => Promise<Response>_ + + Custom [fetch](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/fetch) implementation. + Defaults to the global `fetch` function. + You can use it as a middleware to intercept requests, + or to provide a custom fetch implementation for e.g. testing. + +## Speech Models + +You can create models that call the [Cartesia text-to-speech API](https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/tts/bytes) +using the `.speech()` factory method. + +The first argument is the model id, e.g. `sonic-3.5`. + +```ts +const model = cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'); +``` + +You can use the model with the `generateSpeech` function. Cartesia requires a `voice` id: + +```ts +import { generateSpeech } from 'ai'; +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; + +const result = await generateSpeech({ + model: cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'), + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: '694f9389-aac1-45b6-b726-9d9369183238', +}); +``` + +You can also pass additional provider-specific options using the `providerOptions` argument: + +```ts highlight="7-12" +import { generateSpeech } from 'ai'; +import { cartesia, type CartesiaSpeechModelOptions } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; + +const result = await generateSpeech({ + model: cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'), + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: '694f9389-aac1-45b6-b726-9d9369183238', + providerOptions: { + cartesia: { + container: 'wav', + encoding: 'pcm_s16le', + sampleRate: 24000, + } satisfies CartesiaSpeechModelOptions, + }, +}); +``` + +The following provider options are available: + +- **container** _string_ + + Container format for the output audio. + Supported values: `'raw'`, `'wav'`, `'mp3'`. + Optional. + +- **encoding** _string_ + + Encoding type for the audio output. + Supported values: `'pcm_f32le'`, `'pcm_s16le'`, `'pcm_mulaw'`, `'pcm_alaw'`. + Optional. + +- **sampleRate** _number_ + + Sample rate for the output audio in Hz (e.g. `8000`, `16000`, `22050`, `24000`, `44100`, `48000`). + Optional. + +- **bitRate** _number_ + + Bitrate for `mp3` output in bits per second (e.g. `32000`, `64000`, `128000`, `192000`). + Optional. + +- **speed** _number_ + + Controls the speed of the generated speech. + Optional. + +- **language** _string_ + + The language to generate speech in (ISO 639-1 code). + Optional. + +### Model Capabilities + +| Model | +| ------------- | +| `sonic-3.5` | +| `sonic-3` | +| `sonic-2` | +| `sonic-turbo` | +| `sonic` | + +## Transcription Models + +You can create models that call the [Cartesia transcription API](https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/stt/transcribe) +using the `.transcription()` factory method. + +The first argument is the model id e.g. `ink-whisper`. + +```ts +const model = cartesia.transcription('ink-whisper'); +``` + +You can use the model with the `transcribe` function: + +```ts +import { transcribe } from 'ai'; +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'; + +const result = await transcribe({ + model: cartesia.transcription('ink-whisper'), + audio: await readFile('audio.mp3'), +}); +``` + +You can also pass additional provider-specific options using the `providerOptions` argument: + +```ts highlight="6" +import { transcribe } from 'ai'; +import { + cartesia, + type CartesiaTranscriptionModelOptions, +} from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'; + +const result = await transcribe({ + model: cartesia.transcription('ink-whisper'), + audio: await readFile('audio.mp3'), + providerOptions: { + cartesia: { + language: 'en', + } satisfies CartesiaTranscriptionModelOptions, + }, +}); +``` + +The following provider options are available: + +- **language** _string_ + + The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected. + Optional. + +- **timestampGranularities** _array of strings_ + + The timestamp granularities to populate. Currently only `'word'` is supported. + Optional. + +### Model Capabilities + +| Model | Transcription | Duration | Segments | Language | +| ------------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | +| `ink-whisper` | | | | | diff --git a/examples/ai-functions/package.json b/examples/ai-functions/package.json index cb0290ccfe9d..d788ac309147 100644 --- a/examples/ai-functions/package.json +++ b/examples/ai-functions/package.json @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ "@ai-sdk/baseten": "workspace:*", "@ai-sdk/black-forest-labs": "workspace:*", "@ai-sdk/bytedance": "workspace:*", + "@ai-sdk/cartesia": "workspace:*", "@ai-sdk/cerebras": "workspace:*", "@ai-sdk/cohere": "workspace:*", "@ai-sdk/deepgram": "workspace:*", diff --git a/examples/ai-functions/src/generate-speech/cartesia/basic.ts b/examples/ai-functions/src/generate-speech/cartesia/basic.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..01dfe196aa32 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/ai-functions/src/generate-speech/cartesia/basic.ts @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { generateSpeech } from 'ai'; +import { saveAudioFile } from '../../lib/save-audio'; +import { run } from '../../lib/run'; + +run(async () => { + const result = await generateSpeech({ + model: cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'), + text: 'Hello, welcome to Cartesia! This is a test of the text-to-speech API.', + voice: 'a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091', + }); + + console.log('Audio:', result.audio); + console.log('Warnings:', result.warnings); + console.log('Responses:', result.responses); + console.log('Provider Metadata:', result.providerMetadata); + + await saveAudioFile(result.audio); +}); diff --git a/examples/ai-functions/src/transcribe/cartesia/basic.ts b/examples/ai-functions/src/transcribe/cartesia/basic.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..204384e57162 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/ai-functions/src/transcribe/cartesia/basic.ts @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { transcribe } from 'ai'; +import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'; +import { run } from '../../lib/run'; + +run(async () => { + const result = await transcribe({ + model: cartesia.transcription('ink-whisper'), + audio: await readFile('data/galileo.mp3'), + }); + + console.log('Text:', result.text); + console.log('Duration:', result.durationInSeconds); + console.log('Language:', result.language); + console.log('Segments:', result.segments); + console.log('Warnings:', result.warnings); + console.log('Responses:', result.responses); +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/cartesia/CHANGELOG.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..cefc3fc02bb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/CHANGELOG.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +# @ai-sdk/cartesia diff --git a/packages/cartesia/README.md b/packages/cartesia/README.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..40a5d64dd323 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# AI SDK - Cartesia Provider + +The **[Cartesia provider](https://ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia)** for the [AI SDK](https://ai-sdk.dev/docs) +contains speech model support for the Cartesia text-to-speech API (Sonic) and transcription model support for the Cartesia speech-to-text API (Ink-Whisper). + +> **Deploying to Vercel?** With Vercel's AI Gateway you can access Cartesia (and hundreds of models from other providers) — no additional packages, API keys, or extra cost. [Get started with AI Gateway](https://vercel.com/ai-gateway). + +## Setup + +The Cartesia provider is available in the `@ai-sdk/cartesia` module. You can install it with + +```bash +npm i @ai-sdk/cartesia +``` + +## Provider Instance + +You can import the default provider instance `cartesia` from `@ai-sdk/cartesia`: + +```ts +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +``` + +## Example + +```ts +import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { experimental_generateSpeech as generateSpeech } from 'ai'; + +const { audio } = await generateSpeech({ + model: cartesia.speech('sonic-2'), + text: 'Hello from the Vercel AI SDK!', + voice: 'a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091', +}); +``` + +## Documentation + +Please check out the **[Cartesia provider documentation](https://ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia)** for more information. diff --git a/packages/cartesia/package.json b/packages/cartesia/package.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c03600349799 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/package.json @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +{ + "name": "@ai-sdk/cartesia", + "version": "0.0.0", + "type": "module", + "license": "Apache-2.0", + "sideEffects": false, + "main": "./dist/index.js", + "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", + "files": [ + "dist/**/*", + "docs/**/*", + "src", + "!src/**/*.test.ts", + "!src/**/*.test-d.ts", + "!src/**/__snapshots__", + "!src/**/__fixtures__", + "CHANGELOG.md", + "README.md" + ], + "directories": { + "doc": "./docs" + }, + "scripts": { + "build": "tsup --tsconfig tsconfig.build.json", + "build:watch": "tsup --tsconfig tsconfig.build.json --watch", + "clean": "del-cli dist docs", + "prepack": "mkdir -p docs && cp ../../content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx ./docs/", + "postpack": "del-cli docs", + "type-check": "tsc --noEmit", + "test": "pnpm test:node && pnpm test:edge", + "test:update": "pnpm test:node -u", + "test:watch": "vitest --config vitest.node.config.js", + "test:edge": "vitest --config vitest.edge.config.js --run", + "test:node": "vitest --config vitest.node.config.js --run" + }, + "exports": { + "./package.json": "./package.json", + ".": { + "types": "./dist/index.d.ts", + "import": "./dist/index.js", + "default": "./dist/index.js" + } + }, + "dependencies": { + "@ai-sdk/provider": "workspace:*", + "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "workspace:*" + }, + "devDependencies": { + "@ai-sdk/test-server": "workspace:*", + "@types/node": "22.19.19", + "@vercel/ai-tsconfig": "workspace:*", + "tsup": "^8.5.1", + "typescript": "5.6.3", + "zod": "3.25.76" + }, + "peerDependencies": { + "zod": "^3.25.76 || ^4.1.8" + }, + "engines": { + "node": ">=22" + }, + "publishConfig": { + "access": "public", + "provenance": true + }, + "homepage": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs", + "repository": { + "type": "git", + "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ai", + "directory": "packages/cartesia" + }, + "bugs": { + "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ai/issues" + }, + "keywords": [ + "ai" + ] +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/__fixtures__/cartesia-transcription.json b/packages/cartesia/src/__fixtures__/cartesia-transcription.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..45afafa6750d --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/__fixtures__/cartesia-transcription.json @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +{ + "text": "Hello from the Vercel AI SDK.", + "language": "en", + "duration": 2.479, + "words": [ + { "word": "Hello", "start": 0.199, "end": 0.479 }, + { "word": "from", "start": 0.5, "end": 0.639 }, + { "word": "the", "start": 0.66, "end": 0.759 }, + { "word": "Vercel", "start": 0.759, "end": 1.12 }, + { "word": "AI", "start": 1.2, "end": 1.519 }, + { "word": "SDK.", "start": 1.58, "end": 2.479 } + ] +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..11ccb27a62f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +export type CartesiaTranscriptionAPITypes = { + /** + * The ID of the model to use for transcription. + */ + model: string; + + /** + * The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language + * is auto-detected. + */ + language?: string; + + /** + * The timestamp granularities to populate for this transcription. + * Currently only `word` is supported. + */ + 'timestamp_granularities[]'?: 'word'; +}; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-config.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-config.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..29866093deb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-config.ts @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +import type { FetchFunction } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; + +export type CartesiaConfig = { + provider: string; + url: (options: { modelId: string; path: string }) => string; + headers?: () => Record; + fetch?: FetchFunction; + generateId?: () => string; +}; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ffe18a94d41f --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +import { safeParseJSON } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; +import { cartesiaErrorDataSchema } from './cartesia-error'; +import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'; + +describe('cartesiaErrorDataSchema', () => { + it('should parse a Cartesia error', async () => { + const error = `{"error":"Invalid API key."}`; + + const result = await safeParseJSON({ + text: error, + schema: cartesiaErrorDataSchema, + }); + + expect(result).toStrictEqual({ + success: true, + value: { + error: 'Invalid API key.', + }, + rawValue: { + error: 'Invalid API key.', + }, + }); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..08a6bfef65f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +import { z } from 'zod/v4'; +import { createJsonErrorResponseHandler } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; + +export const cartesiaErrorDataSchema = z.object({ + error: z.string(), +}); + +export type CartesiaErrorData = z.infer; + +export const cartesiaFailedResponseHandler = createJsonErrorResponseHandler({ + errorSchema: cartesiaErrorDataSchema, + errorToMessage: data => data.error, +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..078cd63a9031 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +import { + NoSuchModelError, + type TranscriptionModelV4, + type SpeechModelV4, + type ProviderV4, +} from '@ai-sdk/provider'; +import { + loadApiKey, + withUserAgentSuffix, + type FetchFunction, +} from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; +import { CartesiaTranscriptionModel } from './cartesia-transcription-model'; +import type { CartesiaTranscriptionModelId } from './cartesia-transcription-options'; +import { CartesiaSpeechModel } from './cartesia-speech-model'; +import type { CartesiaSpeechModelId } from './cartesia-speech-options'; +import { VERSION } from './version'; + +/** + * The Cartesia API version sent with every request via the `Cartesia-Version` + * header. See https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/api-versioning + */ +const CARTESIA_API_VERSION = '2025-04-16'; + +export interface CartesiaProvider extends ProviderV4 { + ( + modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId, + settings?: {}, + ): { + speech: CartesiaSpeechModel; + }; + + /** + * Creates a model for transcription. + */ + transcription(modelId: CartesiaTranscriptionModelId): TranscriptionModelV4; + + /** + * Creates a model for speech generation. + */ + speech(modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId): SpeechModelV4; + + /** + * @deprecated Use `embeddingModel` instead. + */ + textEmbeddingModel(modelId: string): never; +} + +export interface CartesiaProviderSettings { + /** + * API key for authenticating requests. + */ + apiKey?: string; + + /** + * The Cartesia API version to use (sent via the `Cartesia-Version` header). + */ + version?: string; + + /** + * Custom headers to include in the requests. + */ + headers?: Record; + + /** + * Custom fetch implementation. You can use it as a middleware to intercept requests, + * or to provide a custom fetch implementation for e.g. testing. + */ + fetch?: FetchFunction; +} + +/** + * Create a Cartesia provider instance. + */ +export function createCartesia( + options: CartesiaProviderSettings = {}, +): CartesiaProvider { + const getHeaders = () => + withUserAgentSuffix( + { + Authorization: `Bearer ${loadApiKey({ + apiKey: options.apiKey, + environmentVariableName: 'CARTESIA_API_KEY', + description: 'Cartesia', + })}`, + 'Cartesia-Version': options.version ?? CARTESIA_API_VERSION, + ...options.headers, + }, + `ai-sdk/cartesia/${VERSION}`, + ); + + const createTranscriptionModel = (modelId: CartesiaTranscriptionModelId) => + new CartesiaTranscriptionModel(modelId, { + provider: `cartesia.transcription`, + url: ({ path }) => `https://api.cartesia.ai${path}`, + headers: getHeaders, + fetch: options.fetch, + }); + + const createSpeechModel = (modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId) => + new CartesiaSpeechModel(modelId, { + provider: `cartesia.speech`, + url: ({ path }) => `https://api.cartesia.ai${path}`, + headers: getHeaders, + fetch: options.fetch, + }); + + const provider = function (modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId) { + return { + speech: createSpeechModel(modelId), + }; + }; + + provider.specificationVersion = 'v4' as const; + provider.transcription = createTranscriptionModel; + provider.transcriptionModel = createTranscriptionModel; + provider.speech = createSpeechModel; + provider.speechModel = createSpeechModel; + + // Required ProviderV4 methods that are not supported + provider.languageModel = (modelId: string) => { + throw new NoSuchModelError({ + modelId, + modelType: 'languageModel', + message: 'Cartesia does not provide language models', + }); + }; + + provider.embeddingModel = (modelId: string) => { + throw new NoSuchModelError({ + modelId, + modelType: 'embeddingModel', + message: 'Cartesia does not provide embedding models', + }); + }; + provider.textEmbeddingModel = provider.embeddingModel; + + provider.imageModel = (modelId: string) => { + throw new NoSuchModelError({ + modelId, + modelType: 'imageModel', + message: 'Cartesia does not provide image models', + }); + }; + + return provider as CartesiaProvider; +} + +/** + * Default Cartesia provider instance. + */ +export const cartesia = createCartesia(); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4ac74306ed47 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +export type CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = { + /** + * The ID of the model to use for the generation. + */ + model_id: string; + + /** + * The transcript to generate speech for. + */ + transcript: string; + + /** + * The voice specifier. Cartesia uses id mode with a voice id. + */ + voice: { + mode: 'id'; + id: string; + }; + + /** + * The language to generate speech in (ISO 639-1 code). + */ + language?: string; + + /** + * The output audio format. + */ + output_format: { + container: string; + encoding: string; + sample_rate: number; + bit_rate?: number; + }; + + /** + * Controls the speed of the generated speech. + */ + speed?: number; +}; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..80a41fd67fd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +import { z } from 'zod/v4'; + +// https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/tts/bytes +export const cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema = z.object({ + /** Container format for the output audio (raw, wav, mp3). */ + container: z.enum(['raw', 'wav', 'mp3']).nullish(), + /** Encoding type for the audio output (pcm_f32le, pcm_s16le, pcm_mulaw, pcm_alaw). */ + encoding: z + .enum(['pcm_f32le', 'pcm_s16le', 'pcm_mulaw', 'pcm_alaw']) + .nullish(), + /** Sample rate for the output audio in Hz (e.g. 8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 44100, 48000). */ + sampleRate: z.number().nullish(), + /** Bitrate for mp3 output in bits per second (e.g. 32000, 64000, 128000, 192000). */ + bitRate: z.number().nullish(), + /** Controls the speed of the generated speech. */ + speed: z.number().nullish(), + /** The language to generate speech in (ISO 639-1 code). */ + language: z.string().nullish(), +}); + +export type CartesiaSpeechModelOptions = z.infer< + typeof cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema +>; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2017748805c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +import { createTestServer } from '@ai-sdk/test-server/with-vitest'; +import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'; +import { createCartesia } from './cartesia-provider'; +import { CartesiaSpeechModel } from './cartesia-speech-model'; + +vi.mock('./version', () => ({ + VERSION: '0.0.0-test', +})); + +const provider = createCartesia({ apiKey: 'test-api-key' }); +const model = provider.speech('sonic-3.5'); + +const server = createTestServer({ + 'https://api.cartesia.ai/tts/bytes': {}, +}); + +describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => { + function prepareAudioResponse({ + headers, + format = 'mp3', + }: { + headers?: Record; + format?: string; + } = {}) { + const audioBuffer = new Uint8Array(100); // Mock audio data + server.urls['https://api.cartesia.ai/tts/bytes'].response = { + type: 'binary', + headers: { + 'content-type': `audio/${format}`, + ...headers, + }, + body: Buffer.from(audioBuffer), + }; + return audioBuffer; + } + + describe('doGenerate', () => { + it('should generate speech with required parameters', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + model_id: 'sonic-3.5', + transcript: 'Hello, world!', + voice: { + mode: 'id', + id: 'test-voice-id', + }, + output_format: { + container: 'mp3', + encoding: 'mp3', + sample_rate: 44100, + bit_rate: 128000, + }, + }); + }); + + it('should throw when no voice is provided', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await expect( + model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + }), + ).rejects.toThrow('Cartesia speech models require a `voice` to be set.'); + }); + + it('should map wav output format', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + outputFormat: 'wav', + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + output_format: { + container: 'wav', + encoding: 'pcm_s16le', + sample_rate: 44100, + }, + }); + }); + + it('should map pcm output format with sample rate suffix', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + outputFormat: 'pcm_24000', + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + output_format: { + container: 'raw', + encoding: 'pcm_f32le', + sample_rate: 24000, + }, + }); + }); + + it('should handle language parameter', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hola, mundo!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + language: 'es', + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + transcript: 'Hola, mundo!', + language: 'es', + }); + }); + + it('should handle speed parameter', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + speed: 1.5, + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + speed: 1.5, + }); + }); + + it('should warn about unsupported instructions parameter', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + const result = await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + instructions: 'Speak slowly', + }); + + expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(` + [ + { + "details": "Cartesia speech models do not support instructions. Instructions parameter was ignored.", + "feature": "instructions", + "type": "unsupported", + }, + ] + `); + }); + + it('should pass provider-specific options', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + providerOptions: { + cartesia: { + container: 'raw', + encoding: 'pcm_s16le', + sampleRate: 16000, + speed: 0.8, + }, + }, + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({ + output_format: { + container: 'raw', + encoding: 'pcm_s16le', + sample_rate: 16000, + }, + speed: 0.8, + }); + }); + + it('should pass headers', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + const provider = createCartesia({ + apiKey: 'test-api-key', + headers: { + 'Custom-Provider-Header': 'provider-header-value', + }, + }); + + await provider.speech('sonic-3.5').doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + headers: { + 'Custom-Request-Header': 'request-header-value', + }, + }); + + expect(server.calls[0].requestHeaders).toMatchObject({ + authorization: 'Bearer test-api-key', + 'cartesia-version': '2025-04-16', + 'custom-provider-header': 'provider-header-value', + 'custom-request-header': 'request-header-value', + }); + }); + + it('should include user-agent header', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse(); + + await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + }); + + expect(server.calls[0].requestUserAgent).toContain( + `ai-sdk/cartesia/0.0.0-test`, + ); + }); + + it('should return audio data', async () => { + const audio = new Uint8Array(100); + prepareAudioResponse(); + + const result = await model.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + }); + + expect(result.audio).toStrictEqual(audio); + }); + + it('should include response data with timestamp, modelId and headers', async () => { + prepareAudioResponse({ + headers: { + 'x-request-id': 'test-request-id', + }, + }); + + const testDate = new Date(0); + const customModel = new CartesiaSpeechModel('sonic-3.5', { + provider: 'test-provider', + url: () => 'https://api.cartesia.ai/tts/bytes', + headers: () => ({}), + _internal: { + currentDate: () => testDate, + }, + }); + + const result = await customModel.doGenerate({ + text: 'Hello, world!', + voice: 'test-voice-id', + }); + + expect(result.response).toMatchObject({ + timestamp: testDate, + modelId: 'sonic-3.5', + headers: { + 'content-type': 'audio/mp3', + 'x-request-id': 'test-request-id', + }, + }); + }); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..92afb92a2eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +import type { SpeechModelV4, SharedV4Warning } from '@ai-sdk/provider'; +import { + combineHeaders, + createBinaryResponseHandler, + parseProviderOptions, + postJsonToApi, + serializeModelOptions, + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE, + WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, +} from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; +import type { CartesiaConfig } from './cartesia-config'; +import { cartesiaFailedResponseHandler } from './cartesia-error'; +import { cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema } from './cartesia-speech-model-options'; +import type { CartesiaSpeechAPITypes } from './cartesia-speech-api-types'; +import type { + CartesiaSpeechModelId, + CartesiaSpeechVoiceId, +} from './cartesia-speech-options'; + +interface CartesiaSpeechModelConfig extends CartesiaConfig { + _internal?: { + currentDate?: () => Date; + }; +} + +// Default output format used when no outputFormat / provider options are set. +const DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = { + container: 'mp3', + encoding: 'mp3', + sample_rate: 44100, + bit_rate: 128000, +}; + +export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 { + readonly specificationVersion = 'v4'; + + get provider(): string { + return this.config.provider; + } + + static [WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](model: CartesiaSpeechModel) { + return serializeModelOptions({ + modelId: model.modelId, + config: model.config, + }); + } + + static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](options: { + modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId; + config: CartesiaSpeechModelConfig; + }) { + return new CartesiaSpeechModel(options.modelId, options.config); + } + + constructor( + readonly modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId, + private readonly config: CartesiaSpeechModelConfig, + ) {} + + private async getArgs({ + text, + voice, + outputFormat = 'mp3', + instructions, + language, + speed, + providerOptions, + }: Parameters[0]) { + const warnings: SharedV4Warning[] = []; + + // Parse provider options + const cartesiaOptions = await parseProviderOptions({ + provider: 'cartesia', + providerOptions, + schema: cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema, + }); + + if (!voice) { + throw new Error('Cartesia speech models require a `voice` to be set.'); + } + + // Build the base output format from the SDK's flat `outputFormat` string. + const outputFormatObject: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = { + ...DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT, + }; + + if (outputFormat) { + const formatLower = outputFormat.toLowerCase(); + + // Common format mappings. Cartesia expects a structured output_format. + // https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/tts/bytes + const formatMap: Record< + string, + { container: string; encoding: string; sampleRate: number } + > = { + mp3: { container: 'mp3', encoding: 'mp3', sampleRate: 44100 }, + wav: { container: 'wav', encoding: 'pcm_s16le', sampleRate: 44100 }, + pcm: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 }, + raw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 }, + mulaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_mulaw', sampleRate: 8000 }, + alaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_alaw', sampleRate: 8000 }, + }; + + // Try direct match first, then try "_" pattern. + const parts = formatLower.split('_'); + const mapped = formatMap[parts[0]]; + + if (mapped) { + outputFormatObject.container = mapped.container; + outputFormatObject.encoding = mapped.encoding; + outputFormatObject.sample_rate = mapped.sampleRate; + if (mapped.container === 'mp3') { + outputFormatObject.bit_rate = 128000; + } else { + delete outputFormatObject.bit_rate; + } + + // Optional sample rate suffix, e.g. "wav_24000" or "pcm_16000". + if (parts.length >= 2) { + const parsedRate = parseInt(parts[1], 10); + if (!Number.isNaN(parsedRate)) { + outputFormatObject.sample_rate = parsedRate; + } + } + } else { + warnings.push({ + type: 'unsupported', + feature: 'outputFormat', + details: `Unknown output format "${outputFormat}". Falling back to mp3. Use providerOptions.cartesia to configure container/encoding/sampleRate directly.`, + }); + } + } + + // Create request body + const requestBody: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = { + model_id: this.modelId, + transcript: text, + voice: { + mode: 'id', + id: voice as CartesiaSpeechVoiceId, + }, + output_format: outputFormatObject, + }; + + // Map generic language + if (language) { + requestBody.language = language; + } + + // Map generic speed + if (speed != null) { + requestBody.speed = speed; + } + + // Add provider-specific options - map camelCase to snake_case + if (cartesiaOptions) { + if (cartesiaOptions.container != null) { + requestBody.output_format.container = cartesiaOptions.container; + } + if (cartesiaOptions.encoding != null) { + requestBody.output_format.encoding = cartesiaOptions.encoding; + } + if (cartesiaOptions.sampleRate != null) { + requestBody.output_format.sample_rate = cartesiaOptions.sampleRate; + } + if (cartesiaOptions.bitRate != null) { + requestBody.output_format.bit_rate = cartesiaOptions.bitRate; + } + if (cartesiaOptions.speed != null) { + requestBody.speed = cartesiaOptions.speed; + } + if (cartesiaOptions.language != null) { + requestBody.language = cartesiaOptions.language; + } + } + + // Remove bit_rate for non-mp3 containers where it is not applicable. + if (requestBody.output_format.container !== 'mp3') { + delete requestBody.output_format.bit_rate; + } + + if (instructions) { + warnings.push({ + type: 'unsupported', + feature: 'instructions', + details: `Cartesia speech models do not support instructions. Instructions parameter was ignored.`, + }); + } + + return { + requestBody, + warnings, + }; + } + + async doGenerate( + options: Parameters[0], + ): Promise>> { + const currentDate = this.config._internal?.currentDate?.() ?? new Date(); + const { requestBody, warnings } = await this.getArgs(options); + + const { + value: audio, + responseHeaders, + rawValue: rawResponse, + } = await postJsonToApi({ + url: this.config.url({ + path: '/tts/bytes', + modelId: this.modelId, + }), + headers: combineHeaders(this.config.headers?.(), options.headers), + body: requestBody, + failedResponseHandler: cartesiaFailedResponseHandler, + successfulResponseHandler: createBinaryResponseHandler(), + abortSignal: options.abortSignal, + fetch: this.config.fetch, + }); + + return { + audio, + warnings, + request: { + body: JSON.stringify(requestBody), + }, + response: { + timestamp: currentDate, + modelId: this.modelId, + headers: responseHeaders, + body: rawResponse, + }, + }; + } +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2794cc5ad7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +export type CartesiaSpeechModelId = + | 'sonic-3.5' + | 'sonic-3' + | 'sonic-2' + | 'sonic-turbo' + | 'sonic-latest' + | 'sonic' + | (string & {}); + +export type CartesiaSpeechVoiceId = string; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6b5837dc513b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +import { z } from 'zod/v4'; + +// https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/stt/transcribe +export const cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema = z.object({ + /** The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected. */ + language: z.string().nullish(), + /** The timestamp granularities to populate. Currently only `word` is supported. */ + timestampGranularities: z.array(z.enum(['word'])).nullish(), +}); + +export type CartesiaTranscriptionModelOptions = z.infer< + typeof cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema +>; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e8fa76e90352 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +import { createTestServer } from '@ai-sdk/test-server/with-vitest'; +import { CartesiaTranscriptionModel } from './cartesia-transcription-model'; +import { createCartesia } from './cartesia-provider'; +import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'; +import fs from 'node:fs'; +import path from 'node:path'; +import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest'; + +vi.mock('./version', () => ({ + VERSION: '0.0.0-test', +})); + +const audioData = await readFile(path.join(__dirname, 'transcript-test.mp3')); +const provider = createCartesia({ apiKey: 'test-api-key' }); +const model = provider.transcription('ink-whisper'); + +const server = createTestServer({ + 'https://api.cartesia.ai/stt': {}, +}); + +function prepareJsonFixtureResponse( + filename: string, + headers?: Record, +) { + server.urls['https://api.cartesia.ai/stt'].response = { + type: 'json-value', + headers, + body: JSON.parse( + fs.readFileSync(`src/__fixtures__/${filename}.json`, 'utf8'), + ), + }; +} + +describe('doGenerate', () => { + describe('transcription', () => { + beforeEach(() => prepareJsonFixtureResponse('cartesia-transcription')); + + it('should pass the model', async () => { + await model.doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + }); + + expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyMultipart).toMatchObject({ + model: 'ink-whisper', + }); + }); + + it('should pass headers', async () => { + const provider = createCartesia({ + apiKey: 'test-api-key', + headers: { + 'Custom-Provider-Header': 'provider-header-value', + }, + }); + + await provider.transcription('ink-whisper').doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + headers: { + 'Custom-Request-Header': 'request-header-value', + }, + }); + + expect(server.calls[0].requestHeaders).toMatchObject({ + authorization: 'Bearer test-api-key', + 'cartesia-version': expect.any(String), + 'content-type': expect.stringMatching( + /^multipart\/form-data; boundary=----formdata-undici-\d+$/, + ), + 'custom-provider-header': 'provider-header-value', + 'custom-request-header': 'request-header-value', + }); + expect(server.calls[0].requestUserAgent).toContain( + `ai-sdk/cartesia/0.0.0-test`, + ); + }); + + it('should extract the transcription text', async () => { + const result = await model.doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + }); + + expect(result.text).toMatchInlineSnapshot( + `"Hello from the Vercel AI SDK."`, + ); + }); + + it('should extract segments, language and duration', async () => { + const result = await model.doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + }); + + expect(result.language).toBe('en'); + expect(result.durationInSeconds).toBe(2.479); + expect(result.segments[0]).toStrictEqual({ + text: 'Hello', + startSecond: 0.199, + endSecond: 0.479, + }); + }); + + it('should pass language and timestamp granularities', async () => { + await model.doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + providerOptions: { + cartesia: { + language: 'en', + timestampGranularities: ['word'], + }, + }, + }); + + const body = await server.calls[0].requestBodyMultipart; + expect(body!.file).toBeInstanceOf(File); + const { file: _, ...rest } = body!; + expect(rest).toMatchObject({ + model: 'ink-whisper', + language: 'en', + 'timestamp_granularities[]': 'word', + }); + }); + }); + + describe('response metadata', () => { + it('should include response data with timestamp and modelId', async () => { + prepareJsonFixtureResponse('cartesia-transcription'); + + const testDate = new Date(0); + const customModel = new CartesiaTranscriptionModel('ink-whisper', { + provider: 'test-provider', + url: () => 'https://api.cartesia.ai/stt', + headers: () => ({}), + _internal: { + currentDate: () => testDate, + }, + }); + + const result = await customModel.doGenerate({ + audio: audioData, + mediaType: 'audio/wav', + }); + + expect(result.response.timestamp.getTime()).toEqual(testDate.getTime()); + expect(result.response.modelId).toBe('ink-whisper'); + }); + }); +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..dbfdf2ba2a36 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model.ts @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +import type { TranscriptionModelV4, SharedV4Warning } from '@ai-sdk/provider'; +import { + combineHeaders, + convertBase64ToUint8Array, + createJsonResponseHandler, + mediaTypeToExtension, + parseProviderOptions, + postFormDataToApi, + serializeModelOptions, + WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE, + WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE, +} from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'; +import { z } from 'zod/v4'; +import type { CartesiaConfig } from './cartesia-config'; +import { cartesiaFailedResponseHandler } from './cartesia-error'; +import { cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema } from './cartesia-transcription-model-options'; +import type { CartesiaTranscriptionModelId } from './cartesia-transcription-options'; + +interface CartesiaTranscriptionModelConfig extends CartesiaConfig { + _internal?: { + currentDate?: () => Date; + }; +} + +export class CartesiaTranscriptionModel implements TranscriptionModelV4 { + readonly specificationVersion = 'v4'; + + get provider(): string { + return this.config.provider; + } + + static [WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE](model: CartesiaTranscriptionModel) { + return serializeModelOptions({ + modelId: model.modelId, + config: model.config, + }); + } + + static [WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE](options: { + modelId: CartesiaTranscriptionModelId; + config: CartesiaTranscriptionModelConfig; + }) { + return new CartesiaTranscriptionModel(options.modelId, options.config); + } + + constructor( + readonly modelId: CartesiaTranscriptionModelId, + private readonly config: CartesiaTranscriptionModelConfig, + ) {} + + private async getArgs({ + audio, + mediaType, + providerOptions, + }: Parameters[0]) { + const warnings: SharedV4Warning[] = []; + + // Parse provider options + const cartesiaOptions = await parseProviderOptions({ + provider: 'cartesia', + providerOptions, + schema: cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema, + }); + + // Create form data with base fields + const formData = new FormData(); + const blob = + audio instanceof Uint8Array + ? new Blob([audio]) + : new Blob([convertBase64ToUint8Array(audio)]); + + const fileExtension = mediaTypeToExtension(mediaType); + formData.append('model', this.modelId); + formData.append( + 'file', + new File([blob], 'audio', { type: mediaType }), + `audio.${fileExtension}`, + ); + + // Add provider-specific options + if (cartesiaOptions) { + if (cartesiaOptions.language != null) { + formData.set('language', cartesiaOptions.language); + } + if (cartesiaOptions.timestampGranularities != null) { + for (const granularity of cartesiaOptions.timestampGranularities) { + formData.append('timestamp_granularities[]', granularity); + } + } + } + + return { + formData, + warnings, + }; + } + + async doGenerate( + options: Parameters[0], + ): Promise>> { + const currentDate = this.config._internal?.currentDate?.() ?? new Date(); + const { formData, warnings } = await this.getArgs(options); + + const { + value: response, + responseHeaders, + rawValue: rawResponse, + } = await postFormDataToApi({ + url: this.config.url({ + path: '/stt', + modelId: this.modelId, + }), + headers: combineHeaders(this.config.headers?.(), options.headers), + formData, + failedResponseHandler: cartesiaFailedResponseHandler, + successfulResponseHandler: createJsonResponseHandler( + cartesiaTranscriptionResponseSchema, + ), + abortSignal: options.abortSignal, + fetch: this.config.fetch, + }); + + return { + text: response.text, + segments: + response.words?.map(word => ({ + text: word.word, + startSecond: word.start, + endSecond: word.end, + })) ?? [], + language: response.language ?? undefined, + durationInSeconds: response.duration ?? undefined, + warnings, + response: { + timestamp: currentDate, + modelId: this.modelId, + headers: responseHeaders, + body: rawResponse, + }, + }; + } +} + +const cartesiaTranscriptionResponseSchema = z.object({ + text: z.string(), + language: z.string().nullish(), + duration: z.number().nullish(), + words: z + .array( + z.object({ + word: z.string(), + start: z.number(), + end: z.number(), + }), + ) + .nullish(), +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-options.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9b2ebb396ed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-options.ts @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +export type CartesiaTranscriptionModelId = 'ink-whisper' | (string & {}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..66a7962eb57b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +export { createCartesia, cartesia } from './cartesia-provider'; +export type { + CartesiaProvider, + CartesiaProviderSettings, +} from './cartesia-provider'; +export { CartesiaSpeechModel } from './cartesia-speech-model'; +export { CartesiaTranscriptionModel } from './cartesia-transcription-model'; +export type { + CartesiaSpeechModelId, + CartesiaSpeechVoiceId, +} from './cartesia-speech-options'; +export type { CartesiaTranscriptionModelId } from './cartesia-transcription-options'; +export type { CartesiaSpeechModelOptions } from './cartesia-speech-model-options'; +export type { CartesiaTranscriptionModelOptions } from './cartesia-transcription-model-options'; +export { VERSION } from './version'; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/transcript-test.mp3 b/packages/cartesia/src/transcript-test.mp3 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a4cf7b67483c076cebf897b5456f64d0372df90 GIT binary patch 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zUaUV3zKxlPv&)n)cOY`g@KYAdCg2$bUT-*B)Pg|&&~D^kFcf?vN#(FxxjPZRAXKnq}rNEs%sDmROet2ZBX6`LXs;7d2>>d0EVGhKCZLoE*?XS01t7 zgV@_UczE)0>iFcF>T9tiK6VJZPoNsa(u#@Sf`m#Mu+`EH&O)r;w}{H*k0)o?+sL4% zWs+*Io-c3@dkRu9-%5U^bJBh?l9!@p&!q~%$xH~AlKz*%{vQPC525t9Ij7hWJI!I# VY0mcaZ;SOm=>PwZ{$EGnzW{t`1;GFS literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/version.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/version.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7a35d46f5d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/src/version.ts @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +// Version string of this package injected at build time. +declare const __PACKAGE_VERSION__: string | undefined; +export const VERSION: string = + typeof __PACKAGE_VERSION__ !== 'undefined' + ? __PACKAGE_VERSION__ + : '0.0.0-test'; diff --git a/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.build.json b/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.build.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8181e407dd6d --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.build.json @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +{ + "extends": "./tsconfig.json", + "compilerOptions": { + // Disable project configuration for tsup builds + "composite": false + } +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.json b/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..238c525be5a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/tsconfig.json @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +{ + "extends": "./node_modules/@vercel/ai-tsconfig/ts-library.json", + "compilerOptions": { + "composite": true, + "rootDir": "src", + "outDir": "dist" + }, + "exclude": [ + "dist", + "build", + "node_modules", + "tsup.config.ts" + ], + "references": [ + { + "path": "../provider" + }, + { + "path": "../provider-utils" + }, + { + "path": "../test-server" + } + ] +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/tsup.config.ts b/packages/cartesia/tsup.config.ts new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..aef994baf5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/tsup.config.ts @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +import { defineConfig } from 'tsup'; + +export default defineConfig([ + { + entry: ['src/index.ts'], + format: ['esm'], + dts: true, + sourcemap: true, + define: { + __PACKAGE_VERSION__: JSON.stringify( + (await import('./package.json', { with: { type: 'json' } })).default + .version, + ), + }, + }, +]); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/turbo.json b/packages/cartesia/turbo.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..620b8380e744 --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/turbo.json @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +{ + "extends": [ + "//" + ], + "tasks": { + "build": { + "outputs": [ + "**/dist/**" + ] + } + } +} diff --git a/packages/cartesia/vitest.edge.config.js b/packages/cartesia/vitest.edge.config.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..954b579ee4ca --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/vitest.edge.config.js @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config'; +import packageJson from './package.json'; + +// https://vitejs.dev/config/ +export default defineConfig({ + test: { + environment: 'edge-runtime', + include: ['**/*.test.ts', '**/*.test.tsx'], + }, + define: { + __PACKAGE_VERSION__: JSON.stringify(packageJson.version), + }, +}); diff --git a/packages/cartesia/vitest.node.config.js b/packages/cartesia/vitest.node.config.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..112fd8f8729b --- /dev/null +++ b/packages/cartesia/vitest.node.config.js @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config'; +import packageJson from './package.json'; + +// https://vitejs.dev/config/ +export default defineConfig({ + test: { + environment: 'node', + include: ['**/*.test.ts', '**/*.test.tsx'], + }, + define: { + __PACKAGE_VERSION__: JSON.stringify(packageJson.version), + }, +}); diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml index 1d2d1764bbcc..a884758f1f9f 100644 --- a/pnpm-lock.yaml +++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml @@ -256,6 +256,9 @@ importers: '@ai-sdk/bytedance': specifier: workspace:* version: link:../../packages/bytedance + '@ai-sdk/cartesia': + specifier: workspace:* + version: link:../../packages/cartesia '@ai-sdk/cerebras': specifier: workspace:* version: link:../../packages/cerebras @@ -1985,6 +1988,34 @@ importers: specifier: 3.25.76 version: 3.25.76 + packages/cartesia: + dependencies: + '@ai-sdk/provider': + specifier: workspace:* + version: link:../provider + '@ai-sdk/provider-utils': + specifier: workspace:* + version: link:../provider-utils + devDependencies: + '@ai-sdk/test-server': + specifier: workspace:* + version: link:../test-server + '@types/node': + specifier: 22.19.19 + version: 22.19.19 + '@vercel/ai-tsconfig': + specifier: workspace:* + version: link:../../tools/tsconfig + tsup: + specifier: ^8.5.1 + version: 8.5.1(@swc/core@1.15.3(@swc/helpers@0.5.21))(jiti@2.7.0)(postcss@8.5.15)(tsx@4.22.0)(typescript@5.6.3)(yaml@2.9.0) + typescript: + specifier: 5.6.3 + version: 5.6.3 + zod: + specifier: 3.25.76 + version: 3.25.76 + packages/cerebras: dependencies: '@ai-sdk/openai-compatible': From 0e23cd074ea9b6322633a525b366e718aa93ccf7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Carlton Aikins Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2026 17:02:59 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/7] feat(examples): add Cartesia text-to-speech demo Co-authored-by: Cursor --- examples/cartesia-tts-demo/.env.example | 10 + examples/cartesia-tts-demo/package.json | 15 + examples/cartesia-tts-demo/server.mjs | 587 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ pnpm-lock.yaml | 9 + 4 files changed, 621 insertions(+) create mode 100644 examples/cartesia-tts-demo/.env.example create mode 100644 examples/cartesia-tts-demo/package.json create mode 100644 examples/cartesia-tts-demo/server.mjs diff --git a/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/.env.example b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/.env.example new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9b268d39f285 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/.env.example @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# cartesia-tts-demo credentials — read as environment variables by server.mjs. +# Copy this file to `.env` and fill in your key, then run `pnpm start`. +# Do NOT commit your real `.env`. + +# Cartesia API key from https://play.cartesia.ai/ +CARTESIA_API_KEY= + +# Default voice ID for Sonic TTS (optional — the UI also accepts a voice ID). +# Find voice IDs in the Cartesia playground or API docs. +CARTESIA_VOICE_ID=a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091 diff --git a/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/package.json b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/package.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ce2ced799e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/package.json @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +{ + "name": "@example/cartesia-tts-demo", + "version": "0.0.0", + "private": true, + "type": "module", + "description": "Local browser demo for Cartesia text-to-speech and speech-to-text via @ai-sdk/cartesia (uses workspace source).", + "scripts": { + "prestart": "pnpm --filter ai... --filter @ai-sdk/cartesia... build", + "start": "NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=${NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS:-/etc/ssl/cert.pem} node --env-file-if-exists=.env server.mjs" + }, + "dependencies": { + "@ai-sdk/cartesia": "workspace:*", + "ai": "workspace:*" + } +} diff --git a/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/server.mjs b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/server.mjs new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..59cad0027967 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/cartesia-tts-demo/server.mjs @@ -0,0 +1,587 @@ +// Minimal local app to test Cartesia TTS and STT via @ai-sdk/cartesia. +// Type text, pick a model + voice, hit Generate — the browser plays the audio. +// Reads CARTESIA_API_KEY from the environment (never sent to the browser). +import { createServer } from 'node:http'; +import { lookup } from 'node:dns/promises'; +import { createCartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia'; +import { generateSpeech, transcribe } from 'ai'; + +const cartesia = createCartesia(); + +function formatApiError(error) { + const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error); + const cause = error instanceof Error ? error.cause : undefined; + const code = + cause && typeof cause === 'object' && 'code' in cause + ? String(cause.code) + : ''; + + if (code === 'ENOTFOUND' || /getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND/i.test(message)) { + return ( + 'Cannot reach api.cartesia.ai (DNS lookup failed). ' + + 'Start the demo from macOS Terminal.app — Cursor\'s integrated terminal can block outbound DNS. ' + + 'Run: cd ai/examples/cartesia-tts-demo && pnpm start' + ); + } + + if ( + code === 'UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY' || + /unable to get local issuer certificate/i.test(message) + ) { + return ( + 'TLS certificate verification failed when calling api.cartesia.ai. ' + + 'Use `pnpm start` (sets NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS) or export NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=/etc/ssl/cert.pem.' + ); + } + + return message; +} + +async function checkConnectivity() { + try { + await lookup('api.cartesia.ai'); + return true; + } catch { + console.log( + '⚠️ Cannot resolve api.cartesia.ai from this process. ' + + 'If you started the server from Cursor\'s terminal, re-run it from macOS Terminal.app instead.', + ); + return false; + } +} + +const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT) || 5052; + +const DEFAULT_VOICE_ID = + process.env.CARTESIA_VOICE_ID || 'a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091'; + +const SPEECH_MODELS = [ + 'sonic-3.5', + 'sonic-3', + 'sonic-2', + 'sonic-turbo', + 'sonic-latest', + 'sonic', +]; + +const DEFAULT_MODEL = SPEECH_MODELS[0]; + +const OUTPUT_FORMATS = ['mp3', 'wav', 'pcm', 'mulaw', 'alaw']; + +const page = ` + + + + + + + + Cartesia Text-to-Speech + + + +
+

🎙️ Cartesia Text-to-Speech

+

+ Text-to-speech via @ai-sdk/cartesia + .speech() through generateSpeech. Pick a Sonic model and voice ID. +

+ +
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+

+ 🎙️ Push to talk: hold the button, speak, release — transcribed with + @ai-sdk/cartesia .transcription() (Ink-Whisper). +

+
+ + +
+ +
+ 

+  

+
+  
+
+`;
+
+function readJson(req) {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let data = '';
+    req.on('data', c => (data += c));
+    req.on('end', () => {
+      try {
+        resolve(JSON.parse(data || '{}'));
+      } catch (e) {
+        reject(e);
+      }
+    });
+    req.on('error', reject);
+  });
+}
+
+function readBuffer(req) {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const chunks = [];
+    req.on('data', c => chunks.push(c));
+    req.on('end', () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks)));
+    req.on('error', reject);
+  });
+}
+
+const MEDIA_TYPES = {
+  mp3: 'audio/mpeg',
+  wav: 'audio/wav',
+  pcm: 'audio/pcm',
+  mulaw: 'audio/basic',
+  alaw: 'audio/alaw',
+};
+
+const server = createServer(async (req, res) => {
+  if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') {
+    res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'text/html; charset=utf-8' });
+    res.end(page);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (req.method === 'POST' && req.url === '/api/speech') {
+    try {
+      if (!process.env.CARTESIA_API_KEY) {
+        throw new Error('CARTESIA_API_KEY is not set in the environment.');
+      }
+
+      const { text, voice, model, outputFormat, language } = await readJson(req);
+      if (!text) throw new Error('text is required');
+
+      const modelId = model || DEFAULT_MODEL;
+      const voiceId = voice || DEFAULT_VOICE_ID;
+      const codec = OUTPUT_FORMATS.includes(outputFormat) ? outputFormat : 'mp3';
+
+      const result = await generateSpeech({
+        model: cartesia.speech(modelId),
+        text,
+        voice: voiceId,
+        outputFormat: codec,
+        language: language || undefined,
+      });
+
+      if (result.warnings?.length) {
+        console.log('warnings:', JSON.stringify(result.warnings));
+      }
+      console.log(
+        'generated',
+        result.audio.uint8Array.length,
+        'bytes',
+        result.audio.mediaType,
+        '| model:',
+        modelId,
+      );
+
+      res.writeHead(200, {
+        'content-type': result.audio.mediaType || MEDIA_TYPES[codec] || 'audio/mpeg',
+      });
+      res.end(Buffer.from(result.audio.uint8Array));
+    } catch (e) {
+      const message = formatApiError(e);
+      console.error('speech error:', message);
+      res.writeHead(500, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+      res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: message }));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (req.method === 'POST' && req.url.startsWith('/api/transcribe')) {
+    try {
+      if (!process.env.CARTESIA_API_KEY) {
+        throw new Error('CARTESIA_API_KEY is not set in the environment.');
+      }
+
+      const reqUrl = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost');
+      const language = reqUrl.searchParams.get('language') || undefined;
+      const audio = await readBuffer(req);
+      if (!audio.length) throw new Error('no audio provided');
+
+      const contentType = req.headers['content-type'] || 'audio/webm';
+
+      const result = await transcribe({
+        model: cartesia.transcription('ink-whisper'),
+        audio: new Uint8Array(audio),
+        mediaType: contentType.split(';')[0],
+        providerOptions: {
+          cartesia: {
+            language,
+            timestampGranularities: ['word'],
+          },
+        },
+      });
+
+      console.log(
+        'transcribed',
+        audio.length,
+        'bytes →',
+        JSON.stringify(result.text).slice(0, 100),
+      );
+      res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+      res.end(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          text: result.text,
+          language: result.language,
+          durationInSeconds: result.durationInSeconds,
+        }),
+      );
+    } catch (e) {
+      const message = formatApiError(e);
+      console.error('transcribe error:', message);
+      res.writeHead(500, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+      res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: message }));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  res.writeHead(404, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
+  res.end('not found');
+});
+
+server.listen(PORT, () => {
+  console.log(`🎙️  Cartesia voice demo → http://localhost:${PORT}`);
+  if (!process.env.CARTESIA_API_KEY) {
+    console.log('⚠️  CARTESIA_API_KEY is not set — copy .env.example to .env and add your key.');
+  }
+  void checkConnectivity();
+});
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index a884758f1f9f..c36db94a0e13 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -550,6 +550,15 @@ importers:
         specifier: 5.8.3
         version: 5.8.3
 
+  examples/cartesia-tts-demo:
+    dependencies:
+      '@ai-sdk/cartesia':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../../packages/cartesia
+      ai:
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../../packages/ai
+
   examples/express:
     dependencies:
       '@ai-sdk/openai':

From 35f0d40b318a760d647b85e853f5cf1ee1743b50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carlton Aikins 
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2026 10:21:00 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] fix(provider/cartesia): align API contract and CI

---
 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md           |   5 +
 .../01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx       |  21 +-
 examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json           |   3 +
 packages/cartesia/README.md                   |  12 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts   |   3 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts  |  17 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts       |   8 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts    |   2 +-
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts |  41 +++-
 .../src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts      |  23 +-
 .../src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts         |  93 +++++++-
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts     | 206 +++++++++++-------
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts   |   1 -
 .../cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts   |   2 +-
 14 files changed, 322 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md

diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..537ce18575e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@ai-sdk/cartesia': minor
+---
+
+Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic speech generation and Ink-Whisper transcription support.
diff --git a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
index 76f9b056a66d..ca7c8a77ed98 100644
--- a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
+++ b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Learn how to use the Cartesia provider for the AI SDK.
 
 # Cartesia Provider
 
-The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains language model support for the Cartesia speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) APIs.
+The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) model support.
 
 ## Setup
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 - **speed** _number_
 
-  Controls the speed of the generated speech.
+  Controls the speed of the generated speech between `0.6` and `1.5`.
   Optional.
 
 - **language** _string_
@@ -148,13 +148,14 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 ### Model Capabilities
 
-| Model         |
-| ------------- |
-| `sonic-3.5`   |
-| `sonic-3`     |
-| `sonic-2`     |
-| `sonic-turbo` |
-| `sonic`       |
+| Model          |
+| -------------- |
+| `sonic-3.5`    |
+| `sonic-3`      |
+| `sonic-2`      |
+| `sonic-turbo`  |
+| `sonic-latest` |
+| `sonic`        |
 
 ## Transcription Models
 
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 - **language** _string_
 
-  The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected.
+  The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, it defaults to English.
   Optional.
 
 - **timestampGranularities** _array of strings_
diff --git a/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json b/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
index 0eacc06af9ae..019ac2b54527 100644
--- a/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
+++ b/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../packages/bytedance"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../packages/cartesia"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../packages/cerebras"
     },
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/README.md b/packages/cartesia/README.md
index 40a5d64dd323..823cbc4bb3e0 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/README.md
+++ b/packages/cartesia/README.md
@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ The Cartesia provider is available in the `@ai-sdk/cartesia` module. You can ins
 npm i @ai-sdk/cartesia
 ```
 
+## Skill for Coding Agents
+
+If you use coding agents such as Claude Code or Cursor, we highly recommend adding the AI SDK skill to your repository:
+
+```shell
+npx skills add vercel/ai
+```
+
 ## Provider Instance
 
 You can import the default provider instance `cartesia` from `@ai-sdk/cartesia`:
@@ -25,10 +33,10 @@ import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia';
 
 ```ts
 import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia';
-import { experimental_generateSpeech as generateSpeech } from 'ai';
+import { generateSpeech } from 'ai';
 
 const { audio } = await generateSpeech({
-  model: cartesia.speech('sonic-2'),
+  model: cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'),
   text: 'Hello from the Vercel AI SDK!',
   voice: 'a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091',
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
index 11ccb27a62f4..21ae184dc5e5 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ export type CartesiaTranscriptionAPITypes = {
   model: string;
 
   /**
-   * The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language
-   * is auto-detected.
+   * The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). Defaults to English.
    */
   language?: string;
 
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
index ffe18a94d41f..fa8928b10188 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 describe('cartesiaErrorDataSchema', () => {
   it('should parse a Cartesia error', async () => {
-    const error = `{"error":"Invalid API key."}`;
+    const error = JSON.stringify({
+      error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+      title: 'Authentication failed',
+      message: 'Invalid API key.',
+      request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
+    });
 
     const result = await safeParseJSON({
       text: error,
@@ -14,10 +19,16 @@ describe('cartesiaErrorDataSchema', () => {
     expect(result).toStrictEqual({
       success: true,
       value: {
-        error: 'Invalid API key.',
+        error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+        title: 'Authentication failed',
+        message: 'Invalid API key.',
+        request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
       },
       rawValue: {
-        error: 'Invalid API key.',
+        error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+        title: 'Authentication failed',
+        message: 'Invalid API key.',
+        request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
       },
     });
   });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
index 08a6bfef65f2..56d3d343eb27 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4';
 import { createJsonErrorResponseHandler } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
 
 export const cartesiaErrorDataSchema = z.object({
-  error: z.string(),
+  error_code: z.string().nullish(),
+  title: z.string(),
+  message: z.string(),
+  request_id: z.string(),
+  doc_url: z.string().optional(),
 });
 
 export type CartesiaErrorData = z.infer;
 
 export const cartesiaFailedResponseHandler = createJsonErrorResponseHandler({
   errorSchema: cartesiaErrorDataSchema,
-  errorToMessage: data => data.error,
+  errorToMessage: data => `${data.title}: ${data.message}`,
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
index 078cd63a9031..aa9c5b6b2933 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { VERSION } from './version';
  * The Cartesia API version sent with every request via the `Cartesia-Version`
  * header. See https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/api-versioning
  */
-const CARTESIA_API_VERSION = '2025-04-16';
+const CARTESIA_API_VERSION = '2026-03-01';
 
 export interface CartesiaProvider extends ProviderV4 {
   (
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
index 4ac74306ed47..f29861567c52 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+export type CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat =
+  | {
+      container: 'mp3';
+      sample_rate: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate;
+      bit_rate: CartesiaSpeechBitRate;
+    }
+  | {
+      container: 'raw' | 'wav';
+      encoding: CartesiaSpeechEncoding;
+      sample_rate: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate;
+    };
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechEncoding =
+  | 'pcm_f32le'
+  | 'pcm_s16le'
+  | 'pcm_mulaw'
+  | 'pcm_alaw';
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechSampleRate =
+  | 8000
+  | 16000
+  | 22050
+  | 24000
+  | 44100
+  | 48000;
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechBitRate = 32000 | 64000 | 96000 | 128000 | 192000;
+
 export type CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
   /**
    * The ID of the model to use for the generation.
@@ -25,15 +53,12 @@ export type CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
   /**
    * The output audio format.
    */
-  output_format: {
-    container: string;
-    encoding: string;
-    sample_rate: number;
-    bit_rate?: number;
-  };
+  output_format: CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat;
 
   /**
-   * Controls the speed of the generated speech.
+   * Controls supported generation attributes.
    */
-  speed?: number;
+  generation_config?: {
+    speed?: number;
+  };
 };
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
index 80a41fd67fd0..a0669489ca33 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,28 @@ export const cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema = z.object({
     .enum(['pcm_f32le', 'pcm_s16le', 'pcm_mulaw', 'pcm_alaw'])
     .nullish(),
   /** Sample rate for the output audio in Hz (e.g. 8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 44100, 48000). */
-  sampleRate: z.number().nullish(),
+  sampleRate: z
+    .union([
+      z.literal(8000),
+      z.literal(16000),
+      z.literal(22050),
+      z.literal(24000),
+      z.literal(44100),
+      z.literal(48000),
+    ])
+    .nullish(),
   /** Bitrate for mp3 output in bits per second (e.g. 32000, 64000, 128000, 192000). */
-  bitRate: z.number().nullish(),
+  bitRate: z
+    .union([
+      z.literal(32000),
+      z.literal(64000),
+      z.literal(96000),
+      z.literal(128000),
+      z.literal(192000),
+    ])
+    .nullish(),
   /** Controls the speed of the generated speech. */
-  speed: z.number().nullish(),
+  speed: z.number().min(0.6).max(1.5).nullish(),
   /** The language to generate speech in (ISO 639-1 code). */
   language: z.string().nullish(),
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
index 2017748805c2..33868c07df47 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
         voice: 'test-voice-id',
       });
 
-      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({
+      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toStrictEqual({
         model_id: 'sonic-3.5',
         transcript: 'Hello, world!',
         voice: {
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
         },
         output_format: {
           container: 'mp3',
-          encoding: 'mp3',
           sample_rate: 44100,
           bit_rate: 128000,
         },
@@ -130,10 +129,35 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
       });
 
       expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({
-        speed: 1.5,
+        generation_config: {
+          speed: 1.5,
+        },
       });
     });
 
+    it('should warn and ignore an out-of-range generic speed', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        speed: 2,
+      });
+
+      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).not.toHaveProperty(
+        'generation_config',
+      );
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Cartesia speed must be between 0.6 and 1.5. The speed option was ignored.",
+            "feature": "speed",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+    });
+
     it('should warn about unsupported instructions parameter', async () => {
       prepareAudioResponse();
 
@@ -176,8 +200,67 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
           encoding: 'pcm_s16le',
           sample_rate: 16000,
         },
-        speed: 0.8,
+        generation_config: {
+          speed: 0.8,
+        },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore encoding for mp3 output', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        providerOptions: {
+          cartesia: {
+            encoding: 'pcm_s16le',
+          },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        (await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).output_format,
+      ).toStrictEqual({
+        container: 'mp3',
+        sample_rate: 44100,
+        bit_rate: 128000,
+      });
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Cartesia MP3 output does not accept an encoding. The encoding option was ignored.",
+            "feature": "providerOptions.cartesia.encoding",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it('should warn about an unsupported sample rate suffix', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        outputFormat: 'wav_12345',
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        (await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).output_format,
+      ).toMatchObject({
+        container: 'wav',
+        sample_rate: 44100,
       });
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Unsupported Cartesia sample rate in output format \"wav_12345\". Using 44100 Hz instead.",
+            "feature": "outputFormat",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
     });
 
     it('should pass headers', async () => {
@@ -200,7 +283,7 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
 
       expect(server.calls[0].requestHeaders).toMatchObject({
         authorization: 'Bearer test-api-key',
-        'cartesia-version': '2025-04-16',
+        'cartesia-version': '2026-03-01',
         'custom-provider-header': 'provider-header-value',
         'custom-request-header': 'request-header-value',
       });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
index 92afb92a2eb9..0225adb76220 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ import {
 import type { CartesiaConfig } from './cartesia-config';
 import { cartesiaFailedResponseHandler } from './cartesia-error';
 import { cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema } from './cartesia-speech-model-options';
-import type { CartesiaSpeechAPITypes } from './cartesia-speech-api-types';
+import type {
+  CartesiaSpeechAPITypes,
+  CartesiaSpeechBitRate,
+  CartesiaSpeechEncoding,
+  CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat,
+  CartesiaSpeechSampleRate,
+} from './cartesia-speech-api-types';
 import type {
   CartesiaSpeechModelId,
   CartesiaSpeechVoiceId,
@@ -26,11 +32,114 @@ interface CartesiaSpeechModelConfig extends CartesiaConfig {
 // Default output format used when no outputFormat / provider options are set.
 const DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = {
   container: 'mp3',
-  encoding: 'mp3',
   sample_rate: 44100,
   bit_rate: 128000,
 };
 
+const OUTPUT_FORMATS: Record = {
+  alaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_alaw', sample_rate: 8000 },
+  mp3: DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+  mulaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_mulaw', sample_rate: 8000 },
+  pcm: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+  raw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+  wav: { container: 'wav', encoding: 'pcm_s16le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+};
+
+const SAMPLE_RATES = [8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 44100, 48000] as const;
+
+function isSampleRate(value: number): value is CartesiaSpeechSampleRate {
+  return SAMPLE_RATES.includes(value as CartesiaSpeechSampleRate);
+}
+
+function resolveOutputFormat({
+  outputFormat,
+  providerOptions,
+  warnings,
+}: {
+  outputFormat: string;
+  providerOptions:
+    | {
+        container?: 'raw' | 'wav' | 'mp3' | null;
+        encoding?: CartesiaSpeechEncoding | null;
+        sampleRate?: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate | null;
+        bitRate?: CartesiaSpeechBitRate | null;
+      }
+    | undefined;
+  warnings: SharedV4Warning[];
+}): CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat {
+  const [formatName, sampleRateText, ...extraParts] = outputFormat
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .split('_');
+  const mapped = OUTPUT_FORMATS[formatName];
+  let resolved = mapped ? { ...mapped } : { ...DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT };
+
+  if (!mapped) {
+    warnings.push({
+      type: 'unsupported',
+      feature: 'outputFormat',
+      details: `Unknown output format "${outputFormat}". Falling back to mp3. Use providerOptions.cartesia to configure container, encoding, and sampleRate directly.`,
+    });
+  } else if (sampleRateText != null) {
+    const parsedRate = Number(sampleRateText);
+    if (
+      extraParts.length === 0 &&
+      Number.isInteger(parsedRate) &&
+      isSampleRate(parsedRate)
+    ) {
+      resolved.sample_rate = parsedRate;
+    } else {
+      warnings.push({
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        feature: 'outputFormat',
+        details: `Unsupported Cartesia sample rate in output format "${outputFormat}". Using ${resolved.sample_rate} Hz instead.`,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const container = providerOptions?.container ?? resolved.container;
+  const sampleRate = providerOptions?.sampleRate ?? resolved.sample_rate;
+
+  if (container === 'mp3') {
+    if (providerOptions?.encoding != null) {
+      warnings.push({
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        feature: 'providerOptions.cartesia.encoding',
+        details:
+          'Cartesia MP3 output does not accept an encoding. The encoding option was ignored.',
+      });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      container,
+      sample_rate: sampleRate,
+      bit_rate:
+        providerOptions?.bitRate ??
+        (resolved.container === 'mp3' ? resolved.bit_rate : 128000),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (providerOptions?.bitRate != null) {
+    warnings.push({
+      type: 'unsupported',
+      feature: 'providerOptions.cartesia.bitRate',
+      details:
+        'Cartesia raw and WAV output do not accept a bit rate. The bitRate option was ignored.',
+    });
+  }
+
+  return {
+    container,
+    encoding:
+      providerOptions?.encoding ??
+      (resolved.container === 'mp3'
+        ? container === 'wav'
+          ? 'pcm_s16le'
+          : 'pcm_f32le'
+        : resolved.encoding),
+    sample_rate: sampleRate,
+  };
+}
+
 export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
   readonly specificationVersion = 'v4';
 
@@ -79,57 +188,11 @@ export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
       throw new Error('Cartesia speech models require a `voice` to be set.');
     }
 
-    // Build the base output format from the SDK's flat `outputFormat` string.
-    const outputFormatObject: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = {
-      ...DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
-    };
-
-    if (outputFormat) {
-      const formatLower = outputFormat.toLowerCase();
-
-      // Common format mappings. Cartesia expects a structured output_format.
-      // https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/tts/bytes
-      const formatMap: Record<
-        string,
-        { container: string; encoding: string; sampleRate: number }
-      > = {
-        mp3: { container: 'mp3', encoding: 'mp3', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        wav: { container: 'wav', encoding: 'pcm_s16le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        pcm: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        raw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        mulaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_mulaw', sampleRate: 8000 },
-        alaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_alaw', sampleRate: 8000 },
-      };
-
-      // Try direct match first, then try "_" pattern.
-      const parts = formatLower.split('_');
-      const mapped = formatMap[parts[0]];
-
-      if (mapped) {
-        outputFormatObject.container = mapped.container;
-        outputFormatObject.encoding = mapped.encoding;
-        outputFormatObject.sample_rate = mapped.sampleRate;
-        if (mapped.container === 'mp3') {
-          outputFormatObject.bit_rate = 128000;
-        } else {
-          delete outputFormatObject.bit_rate;
-        }
-
-        // Optional sample rate suffix, e.g. "wav_24000" or "pcm_16000".
-        if (parts.length >= 2) {
-          const parsedRate = parseInt(parts[1], 10);
-          if (!Number.isNaN(parsedRate)) {
-            outputFormatObject.sample_rate = parsedRate;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        warnings.push({
-          type: 'unsupported',
-          feature: 'outputFormat',
-          details: `Unknown output format "${outputFormat}". Falling back to mp3. Use providerOptions.cartesia to configure container/encoding/sampleRate directly.`,
-        });
-      }
-    }
+    const outputFormatObject = resolveOutputFormat({
+      outputFormat,
+      providerOptions: cartesiaOptions,
+      warnings,
+    });
 
     // Create request body
     const requestBody: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
@@ -147,36 +210,25 @@ export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
       requestBody.language = language;
     }
 
-    // Map generic speed
-    if (speed != null) {
-      requestBody.speed = speed;
-    }
-
-    // Add provider-specific options - map camelCase to snake_case
+    // Provider-specific options override the corresponding generic options.
     if (cartesiaOptions) {
-      if (cartesiaOptions.container != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.container = cartesiaOptions.container;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.encoding != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.encoding = cartesiaOptions.encoding;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.sampleRate != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.sample_rate = cartesiaOptions.sampleRate;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.bitRate != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.bit_rate = cartesiaOptions.bitRate;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.speed != null) {
-        requestBody.speed = cartesiaOptions.speed;
-      }
       if (cartesiaOptions.language != null) {
         requestBody.language = cartesiaOptions.language;
       }
     }
 
-    // Remove bit_rate for non-mp3 containers where it is not applicable.
-    if (requestBody.output_format.container !== 'mp3') {
-      delete requestBody.output_format.bit_rate;
+    const resolvedSpeed = cartesiaOptions?.speed ?? speed;
+    if (resolvedSpeed != null) {
+      if (resolvedSpeed >= 0.6 && resolvedSpeed <= 1.5) {
+        requestBody.generation_config = { speed: resolvedSpeed };
+      } else {
+        warnings.push({
+          type: 'unsupported',
+          feature: 'speed',
+          details:
+            'Cartesia speed must be between 0.6 and 1.5. The speed option was ignored.',
+        });
+      }
     }
 
     if (instructions) {
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
index 2794cc5ad7c2..5614220e958c 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ export type CartesiaSpeechModelId =
   | 'sonic-2'
   | 'sonic-turbo'
   | 'sonic-latest'
-  | 'sonic'
   | (string & {});
 
 export type CartesiaSpeechVoiceId = string;
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
index 6b5837dc513b..ab53964b7efe 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4';
 
 // https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/stt/transcribe
 export const cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema = z.object({
-  /** The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected. */
+  /** The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). Defaults to English. */
   language: z.string().nullish(),
   /** The timestamp granularities to populate. Currently only `word` is supported. */
   timestampGranularities: z.array(z.enum(['word'])).nullish(),

From dc9dabda5e6aeb3ef2ceaea2ee6a336d97e9e94d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carlton Aikins 
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2026 10:21:00 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] fix(provider/cartesia): align API contract and CI

---
 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md           |   5 +
 .../01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx       |  21 +-
 examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json           |   3 +
 packages/cartesia/README.md                   |  12 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts   |   3 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts  |  17 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts       |   8 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts    |   2 +-
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts |  41 +++-
 .../src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts      |  23 +-
 .../src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts         |  93 +++++++-
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts     | 206 +++++++++++-------
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts   |   1 -
 .../cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts   |   2 +-
 14 files changed, 322 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md

diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..537ce18575e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@ai-sdk/cartesia': minor
+---
+
+Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic speech generation and Ink-Whisper transcription support.
diff --git a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
index 76f9b056a66d..ca7c8a77ed98 100644
--- a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
+++ b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: Learn how to use the Cartesia provider for the AI SDK.
 
 # Cartesia Provider
 
-The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains language model support for the Cartesia speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) APIs.
+The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) model support.
 
 ## Setup
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 - **speed** _number_
 
-  Controls the speed of the generated speech.
+  Controls the speed of the generated speech between `0.6` and `1.5`.
   Optional.
 
 - **language** _string_
@@ -148,13 +148,14 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 ### Model Capabilities
 
-| Model         |
-| ------------- |
-| `sonic-3.5`   |
-| `sonic-3`     |
-| `sonic-2`     |
-| `sonic-turbo` |
-| `sonic`       |
+| Model          |
+| -------------- |
+| `sonic-3.5`    |
+| `sonic-3`      |
+| `sonic-2`      |
+| `sonic-turbo`  |
+| `sonic-latest` |
+| `sonic`        |
 
 ## Transcription Models
 
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ The following provider options are available:
 
 - **language** _string_
 
-  The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected.
+  The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, it defaults to English.
   Optional.
 
 - **timestampGranularities** _array of strings_
diff --git a/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json b/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
index 0eacc06af9ae..019ac2b54527 100644
--- a/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
+++ b/examples/ai-functions/tsconfig.json
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../packages/bytedance"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../packages/cartesia"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../packages/cerebras"
     },
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/README.md b/packages/cartesia/README.md
index 40a5d64dd323..823cbc4bb3e0 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/README.md
+++ b/packages/cartesia/README.md
@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ The Cartesia provider is available in the `@ai-sdk/cartesia` module. You can ins
 npm i @ai-sdk/cartesia
 ```
 
+## Skill for Coding Agents
+
+If you use coding agents such as Claude Code or Cursor, we highly recommend adding the AI SDK skill to your repository:
+
+```shell
+npx skills add vercel/ai
+```
+
 ## Provider Instance
 
 You can import the default provider instance `cartesia` from `@ai-sdk/cartesia`:
@@ -25,10 +33,10 @@ import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia';
 
 ```ts
 import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia';
-import { experimental_generateSpeech as generateSpeech } from 'ai';
+import { generateSpeech } from 'ai';
 
 const { audio } = await generateSpeech({
-  model: cartesia.speech('sonic-2'),
+  model: cartesia.speech('sonic-3.5'),
   text: 'Hello from the Vercel AI SDK!',
   voice: 'a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091',
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
index 11ccb27a62f4..21ae184dc5e5 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-api-types.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ export type CartesiaTranscriptionAPITypes = {
   model: string;
 
   /**
-   * The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language
-   * is auto-detected.
+   * The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). Defaults to English.
    */
   language?: string;
 
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
index ffe18a94d41f..fa8928b10188 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 describe('cartesiaErrorDataSchema', () => {
   it('should parse a Cartesia error', async () => {
-    const error = `{"error":"Invalid API key."}`;
+    const error = JSON.stringify({
+      error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+      title: 'Authentication failed',
+      message: 'Invalid API key.',
+      request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
+    });
 
     const result = await safeParseJSON({
       text: error,
@@ -14,10 +19,16 @@ describe('cartesiaErrorDataSchema', () => {
     expect(result).toStrictEqual({
       success: true,
       value: {
-        error: 'Invalid API key.',
+        error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+        title: 'Authentication failed',
+        message: 'Invalid API key.',
+        request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
       },
       rawValue: {
-        error: 'Invalid API key.',
+        error_code: 'authentication_failed',
+        title: 'Authentication failed',
+        message: 'Invalid API key.',
+        request_id: '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
       },
     });
   });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
index 08a6bfef65f2..56d3d343eb27 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-error.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4';
 import { createJsonErrorResponseHandler } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
 
 export const cartesiaErrorDataSchema = z.object({
-  error: z.string(),
+  error_code: z.string().nullish(),
+  title: z.string(),
+  message: z.string(),
+  request_id: z.string(),
+  doc_url: z.string().optional(),
 });
 
 export type CartesiaErrorData = z.infer;
 
 export const cartesiaFailedResponseHandler = createJsonErrorResponseHandler({
   errorSchema: cartesiaErrorDataSchema,
-  errorToMessage: data => data.error,
+  errorToMessage: data => `${data.title}: ${data.message}`,
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
index 078cd63a9031..aa9c5b6b2933 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { VERSION } from './version';
  * The Cartesia API version sent with every request via the `Cartesia-Version`
  * header. See https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/api-versioning
  */
-const CARTESIA_API_VERSION = '2025-04-16';
+const CARTESIA_API_VERSION = '2026-03-01';
 
 export interface CartesiaProvider extends ProviderV4 {
   (
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
index 4ac74306ed47..f29861567c52 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-api-types.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+export type CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat =
+  | {
+      container: 'mp3';
+      sample_rate: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate;
+      bit_rate: CartesiaSpeechBitRate;
+    }
+  | {
+      container: 'raw' | 'wav';
+      encoding: CartesiaSpeechEncoding;
+      sample_rate: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate;
+    };
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechEncoding =
+  | 'pcm_f32le'
+  | 'pcm_s16le'
+  | 'pcm_mulaw'
+  | 'pcm_alaw';
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechSampleRate =
+  | 8000
+  | 16000
+  | 22050
+  | 24000
+  | 44100
+  | 48000;
+
+export type CartesiaSpeechBitRate = 32000 | 64000 | 96000 | 128000 | 192000;
+
 export type CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
   /**
    * The ID of the model to use for the generation.
@@ -25,15 +53,12 @@ export type CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
   /**
    * The output audio format.
    */
-  output_format: {
-    container: string;
-    encoding: string;
-    sample_rate: number;
-    bit_rate?: number;
-  };
+  output_format: CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat;
 
   /**
-   * Controls the speed of the generated speech.
+   * Controls supported generation attributes.
    */
-  speed?: number;
+  generation_config?: {
+    speed?: number;
+  };
 };
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
index 80a41fd67fd0..a0669489ca33 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model-options.ts
@@ -9,11 +9,28 @@ export const cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema = z.object({
     .enum(['pcm_f32le', 'pcm_s16le', 'pcm_mulaw', 'pcm_alaw'])
     .nullish(),
   /** Sample rate for the output audio in Hz (e.g. 8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 44100, 48000). */
-  sampleRate: z.number().nullish(),
+  sampleRate: z
+    .union([
+      z.literal(8000),
+      z.literal(16000),
+      z.literal(22050),
+      z.literal(24000),
+      z.literal(44100),
+      z.literal(48000),
+    ])
+    .nullish(),
   /** Bitrate for mp3 output in bits per second (e.g. 32000, 64000, 128000, 192000). */
-  bitRate: z.number().nullish(),
+  bitRate: z
+    .union([
+      z.literal(32000),
+      z.literal(64000),
+      z.literal(96000),
+      z.literal(128000),
+      z.literal(192000),
+    ])
+    .nullish(),
   /** Controls the speed of the generated speech. */
-  speed: z.number().nullish(),
+  speed: z.number().min(0.6).max(1.5).nullish(),
   /** The language to generate speech in (ISO 639-1 code). */
   language: z.string().nullish(),
 });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
index 2017748805c2..33868c07df47 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.test.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
         voice: 'test-voice-id',
       });
 
-      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({
+      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toStrictEqual({
         model_id: 'sonic-3.5',
         transcript: 'Hello, world!',
         voice: {
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
         },
         output_format: {
           container: 'mp3',
-          encoding: 'mp3',
           sample_rate: 44100,
           bit_rate: 128000,
         },
@@ -130,10 +129,35 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
       });
 
       expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).toMatchObject({
-        speed: 1.5,
+        generation_config: {
+          speed: 1.5,
+        },
       });
     });
 
+    it('should warn and ignore an out-of-range generic speed', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        speed: 2,
+      });
+
+      expect(await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).not.toHaveProperty(
+        'generation_config',
+      );
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Cartesia speed must be between 0.6 and 1.5. The speed option was ignored.",
+            "feature": "speed",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+    });
+
     it('should warn about unsupported instructions parameter', async () => {
       prepareAudioResponse();
 
@@ -176,8 +200,67 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
           encoding: 'pcm_s16le',
           sample_rate: 16000,
         },
-        speed: 0.8,
+        generation_config: {
+          speed: 0.8,
+        },
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore encoding for mp3 output', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        providerOptions: {
+          cartesia: {
+            encoding: 'pcm_s16le',
+          },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        (await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).output_format,
+      ).toStrictEqual({
+        container: 'mp3',
+        sample_rate: 44100,
+        bit_rate: 128000,
+      });
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Cartesia MP3 output does not accept an encoding. The encoding option was ignored.",
+            "feature": "providerOptions.cartesia.encoding",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it('should warn about an unsupported sample rate suffix', async () => {
+      prepareAudioResponse();
+
+      const result = await model.doGenerate({
+        text: 'Hello, world!',
+        voice: 'test-voice-id',
+        outputFormat: 'wav_12345',
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        (await server.calls[0].requestBodyJson).output_format,
+      ).toMatchObject({
+        container: 'wav',
+        sample_rate: 44100,
       });
+      expect(result.warnings).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        [
+          {
+            "details": "Unsupported Cartesia sample rate in output format \"wav_12345\". Using 44100 Hz instead.",
+            "feature": "outputFormat",
+            "type": "unsupported",
+          },
+        ]
+      `);
     });
 
     it('should pass headers', async () => {
@@ -200,7 +283,7 @@ describe('CartesiaSpeechModel', () => {
 
       expect(server.calls[0].requestHeaders).toMatchObject({
         authorization: 'Bearer test-api-key',
-        'cartesia-version': '2025-04-16',
+        'cartesia-version': '2026-03-01',
         'custom-provider-header': 'provider-header-value',
         'custom-request-header': 'request-header-value',
       });
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
index 92afb92a2eb9..0225adb76220 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-model.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ import {
 import type { CartesiaConfig } from './cartesia-config';
 import { cartesiaFailedResponseHandler } from './cartesia-error';
 import { cartesiaSpeechModelOptionsSchema } from './cartesia-speech-model-options';
-import type { CartesiaSpeechAPITypes } from './cartesia-speech-api-types';
+import type {
+  CartesiaSpeechAPITypes,
+  CartesiaSpeechBitRate,
+  CartesiaSpeechEncoding,
+  CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat,
+  CartesiaSpeechSampleRate,
+} from './cartesia-speech-api-types';
 import type {
   CartesiaSpeechModelId,
   CartesiaSpeechVoiceId,
@@ -26,11 +32,114 @@ interface CartesiaSpeechModelConfig extends CartesiaConfig {
 // Default output format used when no outputFormat / provider options are set.
 const DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = {
   container: 'mp3',
-  encoding: 'mp3',
   sample_rate: 44100,
   bit_rate: 128000,
 };
 
+const OUTPUT_FORMATS: Record = {
+  alaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_alaw', sample_rate: 8000 },
+  mp3: DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+  mulaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_mulaw', sample_rate: 8000 },
+  pcm: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+  raw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+  wav: { container: 'wav', encoding: 'pcm_s16le', sample_rate: 44100 },
+};
+
+const SAMPLE_RATES = [8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 44100, 48000] as const;
+
+function isSampleRate(value: number): value is CartesiaSpeechSampleRate {
+  return SAMPLE_RATES.includes(value as CartesiaSpeechSampleRate);
+}
+
+function resolveOutputFormat({
+  outputFormat,
+  providerOptions,
+  warnings,
+}: {
+  outputFormat: string;
+  providerOptions:
+    | {
+        container?: 'raw' | 'wav' | 'mp3' | null;
+        encoding?: CartesiaSpeechEncoding | null;
+        sampleRate?: CartesiaSpeechSampleRate | null;
+        bitRate?: CartesiaSpeechBitRate | null;
+      }
+    | undefined;
+  warnings: SharedV4Warning[];
+}): CartesiaSpeechOutputFormat {
+  const [formatName, sampleRateText, ...extraParts] = outputFormat
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .split('_');
+  const mapped = OUTPUT_FORMATS[formatName];
+  let resolved = mapped ? { ...mapped } : { ...DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT };
+
+  if (!mapped) {
+    warnings.push({
+      type: 'unsupported',
+      feature: 'outputFormat',
+      details: `Unknown output format "${outputFormat}". Falling back to mp3. Use providerOptions.cartesia to configure container, encoding, and sampleRate directly.`,
+    });
+  } else if (sampleRateText != null) {
+    const parsedRate = Number(sampleRateText);
+    if (
+      extraParts.length === 0 &&
+      Number.isInteger(parsedRate) &&
+      isSampleRate(parsedRate)
+    ) {
+      resolved.sample_rate = parsedRate;
+    } else {
+      warnings.push({
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        feature: 'outputFormat',
+        details: `Unsupported Cartesia sample rate in output format "${outputFormat}". Using ${resolved.sample_rate} Hz instead.`,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const container = providerOptions?.container ?? resolved.container;
+  const sampleRate = providerOptions?.sampleRate ?? resolved.sample_rate;
+
+  if (container === 'mp3') {
+    if (providerOptions?.encoding != null) {
+      warnings.push({
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        feature: 'providerOptions.cartesia.encoding',
+        details:
+          'Cartesia MP3 output does not accept an encoding. The encoding option was ignored.',
+      });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      container,
+      sample_rate: sampleRate,
+      bit_rate:
+        providerOptions?.bitRate ??
+        (resolved.container === 'mp3' ? resolved.bit_rate : 128000),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (providerOptions?.bitRate != null) {
+    warnings.push({
+      type: 'unsupported',
+      feature: 'providerOptions.cartesia.bitRate',
+      details:
+        'Cartesia raw and WAV output do not accept a bit rate. The bitRate option was ignored.',
+    });
+  }
+
+  return {
+    container,
+    encoding:
+      providerOptions?.encoding ??
+      (resolved.container === 'mp3'
+        ? container === 'wav'
+          ? 'pcm_s16le'
+          : 'pcm_f32le'
+        : resolved.encoding),
+    sample_rate: sampleRate,
+  };
+}
+
 export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
   readonly specificationVersion = 'v4';
 
@@ -79,57 +188,11 @@ export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
       throw new Error('Cartesia speech models require a `voice` to be set.');
     }
 
-    // Build the base output format from the SDK's flat `outputFormat` string.
-    const outputFormatObject: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes['output_format'] = {
-      ...DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT,
-    };
-
-    if (outputFormat) {
-      const formatLower = outputFormat.toLowerCase();
-
-      // Common format mappings. Cartesia expects a structured output_format.
-      // https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/tts/bytes
-      const formatMap: Record<
-        string,
-        { container: string; encoding: string; sampleRate: number }
-      > = {
-        mp3: { container: 'mp3', encoding: 'mp3', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        wav: { container: 'wav', encoding: 'pcm_s16le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        pcm: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        raw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_f32le', sampleRate: 44100 },
-        mulaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_mulaw', sampleRate: 8000 },
-        alaw: { container: 'raw', encoding: 'pcm_alaw', sampleRate: 8000 },
-      };
-
-      // Try direct match first, then try "_" pattern.
-      const parts = formatLower.split('_');
-      const mapped = formatMap[parts[0]];
-
-      if (mapped) {
-        outputFormatObject.container = mapped.container;
-        outputFormatObject.encoding = mapped.encoding;
-        outputFormatObject.sample_rate = mapped.sampleRate;
-        if (mapped.container === 'mp3') {
-          outputFormatObject.bit_rate = 128000;
-        } else {
-          delete outputFormatObject.bit_rate;
-        }
-
-        // Optional sample rate suffix, e.g. "wav_24000" or "pcm_16000".
-        if (parts.length >= 2) {
-          const parsedRate = parseInt(parts[1], 10);
-          if (!Number.isNaN(parsedRate)) {
-            outputFormatObject.sample_rate = parsedRate;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        warnings.push({
-          type: 'unsupported',
-          feature: 'outputFormat',
-          details: `Unknown output format "${outputFormat}". Falling back to mp3. Use providerOptions.cartesia to configure container/encoding/sampleRate directly.`,
-        });
-      }
-    }
+    const outputFormatObject = resolveOutputFormat({
+      outputFormat,
+      providerOptions: cartesiaOptions,
+      warnings,
+    });
 
     // Create request body
     const requestBody: CartesiaSpeechAPITypes = {
@@ -147,36 +210,25 @@ export class CartesiaSpeechModel implements SpeechModelV4 {
       requestBody.language = language;
     }
 
-    // Map generic speed
-    if (speed != null) {
-      requestBody.speed = speed;
-    }
-
-    // Add provider-specific options - map camelCase to snake_case
+    // Provider-specific options override the corresponding generic options.
     if (cartesiaOptions) {
-      if (cartesiaOptions.container != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.container = cartesiaOptions.container;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.encoding != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.encoding = cartesiaOptions.encoding;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.sampleRate != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.sample_rate = cartesiaOptions.sampleRate;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.bitRate != null) {
-        requestBody.output_format.bit_rate = cartesiaOptions.bitRate;
-      }
-      if (cartesiaOptions.speed != null) {
-        requestBody.speed = cartesiaOptions.speed;
-      }
       if (cartesiaOptions.language != null) {
         requestBody.language = cartesiaOptions.language;
       }
     }
 
-    // Remove bit_rate for non-mp3 containers where it is not applicable.
-    if (requestBody.output_format.container !== 'mp3') {
-      delete requestBody.output_format.bit_rate;
+    const resolvedSpeed = cartesiaOptions?.speed ?? speed;
+    if (resolvedSpeed != null) {
+      if (resolvedSpeed >= 0.6 && resolvedSpeed <= 1.5) {
+        requestBody.generation_config = { speed: resolvedSpeed };
+      } else {
+        warnings.push({
+          type: 'unsupported',
+          feature: 'speed',
+          details:
+            'Cartesia speed must be between 0.6 and 1.5. The speed option was ignored.',
+        });
+      }
     }
 
     if (instructions) {
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
index 2794cc5ad7c2..5614220e958c 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-speech-options.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ export type CartesiaSpeechModelId =
   | 'sonic-2'
   | 'sonic-turbo'
   | 'sonic-latest'
-  | 'sonic'
   | (string & {});
 
 export type CartesiaSpeechVoiceId = string;
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
index 6b5837dc513b..ab53964b7efe 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-transcription-model-options.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { z } from 'zod/v4';
 
 // https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/stt/transcribe
 export const cartesiaTranscriptionModelOptionsSchema = z.object({
-  /** The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). If not specified, the language is auto-detected. */
+  /** The language of the audio (ISO 639-1 code). Defaults to English. */
   language: z.string().nullish(),
   /** The timestamp granularities to populate. Currently only `word` is supported. */
   timestampGranularities: z.array(z.enum(['word'])).nullish(),

From 1b37dd2d758ba61c94d54c7aa14be70eea1f7bc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carlton Aikins 
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2026 10:23:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] fix(provider/cartesia): use patch changeset

---
 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
index 537ce18575e4..ff92434dcdcc 100644
--- a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-'@ai-sdk/cartesia': minor
+'@ai-sdk/cartesia': patch
 ---
 
 Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic speech generation and Ink-Whisper transcription support.

From 026a88f745d887ae42e1c0b99191d4b2b3a83884 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carlton Aikins 
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2026 10:23:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] fix(provider/cartesia): use patch changeset

---
 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
index 537ce18575e4..ff92434dcdcc 100644
--- a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-'@ai-sdk/cartesia': minor
+'@ai-sdk/cartesia': patch
 ---
 
 Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic speech generation and Ink-Whisper transcription support.

From 9ddc0179a487c631f77419685b28a17eb453e2b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carlton Aikins 
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2026 11:39:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] feat(provider/cartesia): add Ink 2 realtime support

---
 .changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md           |   3 +-
 .../01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx       |  47 ++-
 .../browser-realtime-transport.test.ts        |  31 ++
 .../realtime/browser-realtime-transport.ts    |  11 +-
 packages/cartesia/README.md                   |   2 +-
 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts    |  39 +++
 .../src/cartesia-realtime-model-options.ts    |   3 +
 .../src/cartesia-realtime-model.test.ts       | 269 +++++++++++++++
 .../cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.ts   | 326 ++++++++++++++++++
 packages/cartesia/src/index.ts                |   5 +
 10 files changed, 730 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model-options.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.test.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.ts

diff --git a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
index ff92434dcdcc..52ffc5cfe0b3 100644
--- a/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
+++ b/.changeset/bright-dolphins-speak.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 '@ai-sdk/cartesia': patch
+'ai': patch
 ---
 
-Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic speech generation and Ink-Whisper transcription support.
+Add the Cartesia provider with Sonic 3.5 speech generation, Ink-Whisper batch transcription, and Ink 2 realtime transcription support.
diff --git a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
index ca7c8a77ed98..01a4c75dba53 100644
--- a/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
+++ b/content/providers/01-ai-sdk-providers/95-cartesia.mdx
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ description: Learn how to use the Cartesia provider for the AI SDK.
 
 # Cartesia Provider
 
-The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains speech generation (Sonic) and transcription (Ink) model support.
+The [Cartesia](https://cartesia.ai/) provider contains Sonic speech generation,
+Ink-Whisper batch transcription, and Ink 2 realtime transcription support.
 
 ## Setup
 
@@ -155,9 +156,49 @@ The following provider options are available:
 | `sonic-2`      |
 | `sonic-turbo`  |
 | `sonic-latest` |
-| `sonic`        |
 
-## Transcription Models
+## Realtime Transcription Models
+
+Realtime is an experimental feature.
+
+You can create a model for Cartesia's realtime [Ink 2](https://docs.cartesia.ai/build-with-cartesia/stt/latest)
+API using the `.experimental_realtime()` factory method:
+
+```ts
+import { cartesia } from '@ai-sdk/cartesia';
+
+const model = cartesia.experimental_realtime('ink-2');
+```
+
+Realtime sessions run in the browser and require a short-lived access token
+created on your server with `cartesia.experimental_realtime.getToken()`:
+
+```ts
+const token = await cartesia.experimental_realtime.getToken({
+  model: 'ink-2',
+  sessionConfig: {
+    inputAudioFormat: { type: 'audio/pcm', rate: 24000 },
+    inputAudioTranscription: { language: 'en' },
+    turnDetection: { type: 'server-vad' },
+  },
+});
+```
+
+Ink 2 produces input transcription events and supports English audio. Turn
+detection is enabled by default. To use manual finalization instead, set
+`turnDetection` to `null` in the session config and call `commitAudio()` when
+the current input is complete.
+
+See [Realtime](/docs/ai-sdk-core/realtime) for the complete browser session
+setup.
+
+### Model Capabilities
+
+| Model   | Streaming Transcription | Turn Detection      |
+| ------- | ----------------------- | ------------------- |
+| `ink-2` |      |  |
+
+## Batch Transcription Models
 
 You can create models that call the [Cartesia transcription API](https://docs.cartesia.ai/api-reference/stt/transcribe)
 using the `.transcription()` factory method.
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.test.ts b/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.test.ts
index 98a2c668f7d3..8d9335b1043e 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.test.ts
@@ -166,4 +166,35 @@ describe('BrowserRealtimeTransport', () => {
       JSON.stringify({ type: 'second' }),
     );
   });
+
+  it('sends serialized strings and binary data without JSON encoding', async () => {
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]);
+    const rawModel = {
+      getWebSocketConfig: ({ url }: { url: string }) => ({ url }),
+      serializeClientEvent: (event: { type: string }) =>
+        event.type === 'binary' ? bytes : 'finalize',
+      parseServerEvent: (raw: unknown) => raw,
+    } as never;
+    const transport = new BrowserRealtimeTransport({
+      model: rawModel,
+      onServerEvent: vi.fn(),
+      onError: vi.fn(),
+      onClose: vi.fn(),
+    });
+
+    transport.connect({
+      token: 'token',
+      url: 'wss://example.com',
+      onOpen: vi.fn(),
+    });
+    const ws = MockWebSocket.instances[0];
+    ws.open();
+
+    transport.sendEvent({ type: 'text' } as never);
+    transport.sendEvent({ type: 'binary' } as never);
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(ws.send).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 'finalize');
+    expect(ws.send).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, bytes);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.ts b/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.ts
index e3bbded14b70..d106125ecea5 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/realtime/browser-realtime-transport.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,16 @@ export class BrowserRealtimeTransport {
 
   sendRaw(data: unknown): void {
     if (this.ws?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
-      this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(data));
+      if (
+        typeof data === 'string' ||
+        data instanceof ArrayBuffer ||
+        ArrayBuffer.isView(data) ||
+        data instanceof Blob
+      ) {
+        this.ws.send(data);
+      } else {
+        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(data));
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/README.md b/packages/cartesia/README.md
index 823cbc4bb3e0..b2548fa5111b 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/README.md
+++ b/packages/cartesia/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # AI SDK - Cartesia Provider
 
 The **[Cartesia provider](https://ai-sdk.dev/providers/ai-sdk-providers/cartesia)** for the [AI SDK](https://ai-sdk.dev/docs)
-contains speech model support for the Cartesia text-to-speech API (Sonic) and transcription model support for the Cartesia speech-to-text API (Ink-Whisper).
+contains Sonic 3.5 speech generation, Ink-Whisper batch transcription, and Ink 2 realtime transcription support.
 
 > **Deploying to Vercel?** With Vercel's AI Gateway you can access Cartesia (and hundreds of models from other providers) — no additional packages, API keys, or extra cost. [Get started with AI Gateway](https://vercel.com/ai-gateway).
 
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
index aa9c5b6b2933..b852b1cf60d9 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-provider.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import {
+  type Experimental_RealtimeFactoryV4 as RealtimeFactoryV4,
+  type Experimental_RealtimeFactoryV4GetTokenOptions as RealtimeFactoryV4GetTokenOptions,
   NoSuchModelError,
   type TranscriptionModelV4,
   type SpeechModelV4,
@@ -13,6 +15,8 @@ import { CartesiaTranscriptionModel } from './cartesia-transcription-model';
 import type { CartesiaTranscriptionModelId } from './cartesia-transcription-options';
 import { CartesiaSpeechModel } from './cartesia-speech-model';
 import type { CartesiaSpeechModelId } from './cartesia-speech-options';
+import { CartesiaRealtimeModel } from './cartesia-realtime-model';
+import type { CartesiaRealtimeModelId } from './cartesia-realtime-model-options';
 import { VERSION } from './version';
 
 /**
@@ -39,6 +43,11 @@ export interface CartesiaProvider extends ProviderV4 {
    */
   speech(modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId): SpeechModelV4;
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a realtime Ink speech-to-text model.
+   */
+  experimental_realtime: RealtimeFactoryV4;
+
   /**
    * @deprecated Use `embeddingModel` instead.
    */
@@ -104,6 +113,35 @@ export function createCartesia(
       fetch: options.fetch,
     });
 
+  const createRealtimeModel = (modelId: CartesiaRealtimeModelId) =>
+    new CartesiaRealtimeModel(modelId, {
+      provider: `cartesia.realtime`,
+      baseURL: 'https://api.cartesia.ai',
+      version: options.version ?? CARTESIA_API_VERSION,
+      headers: getHeaders,
+      fetch: options.fetch,
+    });
+
+  const experimentalRealtimeFactory = Object.assign(
+    (modelId: CartesiaRealtimeModelId) => createRealtimeModel(modelId),
+    {
+      getToken: async (tokenOptions: RealtimeFactoryV4GetTokenOptions) => {
+        const secret = await createRealtimeModel(
+          tokenOptions.model as CartesiaRealtimeModelId,
+        ).doCreateClientSecret({
+          sessionConfig: tokenOptions.sessionConfig,
+          expiresAfterSeconds: tokenOptions.expiresAfterSeconds,
+        });
+
+        return {
+          token: secret.token,
+          url: secret.url,
+          expiresAt: secret.expiresAt,
+        };
+      },
+    },
+  ) as RealtimeFactoryV4;
+
   const provider = function (modelId: CartesiaSpeechModelId) {
     return {
       speech: createSpeechModel(modelId),
@@ -115,6 +153,7 @@ export function createCartesia(
   provider.transcriptionModel = createTranscriptionModel;
   provider.speech = createSpeechModel;
   provider.speechModel = createSpeechModel;
+  provider.experimental_realtime = experimentalRealtimeFactory;
 
   // Required ProviderV4 methods that are not supported
   provider.languageModel = (modelId: string) => {
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model-options.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model-options.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef1d2e4cd466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model-options.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export type CartesiaRealtimeModelId = 'ink-2' | (string & {});
+
+export type CartesiaRealtimeModelOptions = Record;
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.test.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5cf47624efed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { CartesiaRealtimeModel } from './cartesia-realtime-model';
+
+const createModel = (fetch: typeof globalThis.fetch = vi.fn()) =>
+  new CartesiaRealtimeModel('ink-2', {
+    provider: 'cartesia.realtime',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.cartesia.ai',
+    version: '2026-03-01',
+    headers: () => ({
+      Authorization: 'Bearer test-key',
+      'Cartesia-Version': '2026-03-01',
+    }),
+    fetch,
+    _internal: {
+      currentDate: () => new Date('2026-07-08T12:00:00.000Z'),
+    },
+  });
+
+describe('CartesiaRealtimeModel', () => {
+  describe('doCreateClientSecret', () => {
+    it('creates an Ink 2 auto-finalize client secret', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+        new Response(JSON.stringify({ token: 'access-token' }), {
+          status: 200,
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        }),
+      );
+      const model = createModel(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+
+      const result = await model.doCreateClientSecret({
+        expiresAfterSeconds: 60,
+        sessionConfig: {
+          inputAudioFormat: { type: 'audio/pcm', rate: 16000 },
+          inputAudioTranscription: { language: 'en' },
+          turnDetection: { type: 'server-vad' },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'https://api.cartesia.ai/access-token',
+        {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: {
+            Authorization: 'Bearer test-key',
+            'Cartesia-Version': '2026-03-01',
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+          },
+          body: JSON.stringify({
+            grants: { stt: true },
+            expires_in: 60,
+          }),
+        },
+      );
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        token: 'access-token',
+        url: 'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/turns/websocket?model=ink-2&encoding=pcm_s16le&sample_rate=16000&cartesia_version=2026-03-01',
+        expiresAt: 1783512060,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('uses the manual-finalize endpoint when turn detection is disabled', async () => {
+      const mockFetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+        new Response(JSON.stringify({ token: 'access-token' }), {
+          status: 200,
+        }),
+      );
+      const model = createModel(mockFetch as unknown as typeof fetch);
+
+      const result = await model.doCreateClientSecret({
+        sessionConfig: {
+          inputAudioFormat: { type: 'audio/pcmu', rate: 8000 },
+          inputAudioTranscription: { language: 'en' },
+          turnDetection: null,
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(result.url).toBe(
+        'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/websocket?model=ink-2&encoding=pcm_mulaw&sample_rate=8000&cartesia_version=2026-03-01&language=en',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('rejects unsupported languages and token lifetimes', async () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+
+      await expect(
+        model.doCreateClientSecret({
+          sessionConfig: {
+            inputAudioTranscription: { language: 'es' },
+          },
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('currently supports English only');
+      await expect(
+        model.doCreateClientSecret({ expiresAfterSeconds: 3601 }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow('between 1 and 3600 seconds');
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('adds the access token to the WebSocket URL', () => {
+    const model = createModel();
+
+    expect(
+      model.getWebSocketConfig({
+        token: 'access-token',
+        url: 'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/turns/websocket?model=ink-2',
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      url: 'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/turns/websocket?model=ink-2&access_token=access-token',
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('serializeClientEvent', () => {
+    it('sends audio as binary and lets auto-finalize detect turns', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      model.getWebSocketConfig({
+        token: 'token',
+        url: 'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/turns/websocket?model=ink-2',
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        model.serializeClientEvent({
+          type: 'input-audio-append',
+          audio: 'AQID',
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+      expect(
+        model.serializeClientEvent({ type: 'input-audio-commit' }),
+      ).toBeNull();
+      expect(
+        model.serializeClientEvent({
+          type: 'session-update',
+          config: {},
+        }),
+      ).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('sends finalize for manual turn detection', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      model.getWebSocketConfig({
+        token: 'token',
+        url: 'wss://api.cartesia.ai/stt/websocket?model=ink-2',
+      });
+
+      expect(model.serializeClientEvent({ type: 'input-audio-commit' })).toBe(
+        'finalize',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('parseServerEvent', () => {
+    it('maps Ink 2 turn events to normalized realtime events', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      const connected = { type: 'connected', request_id: 'request-1' };
+      const turnStart = { type: 'turn.start', request_id: 'request-1' };
+      const turnEnd = {
+        type: 'turn.end',
+        request_id: 'request-1',
+        transcript: 'Hello world',
+      };
+
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(connected)).toEqual({
+        type: 'session-created',
+        sessionId: 'request-1',
+        raw: connected,
+      });
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(turnStart)).toEqual({
+        type: 'speech-started',
+        itemId: 'request-1',
+        raw: turnStart,
+      });
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(turnEnd)).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: 'speech-stopped',
+          itemId: 'request-1',
+          raw: turnEnd,
+        },
+        {
+          type: 'input-transcription-completed',
+          itemId: 'request-1',
+          transcript: 'Hello world',
+          raw: turnEnd,
+        },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('assembles manual transcript chunks when a flush completes', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      const first = {
+        type: 'transcript',
+        request_id: 'request-1',
+        text: 'Hello ',
+        is_final: true,
+        duration: 0.5,
+      };
+      const second = {
+        type: 'transcript',
+        request_id: 'request-1',
+        text: 'world',
+        is_final: true,
+        duration: 0.4,
+      };
+      const flush = { type: 'flush_done', request_id: 'request-1' };
+
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(first)).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: 'session-created',
+          sessionId: 'request-1',
+          raw: first,
+        },
+        { type: 'custom', rawType: 'transcript', raw: first },
+      ]);
+      model.parseServerEvent(second);
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(flush)).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: 'audio-committed',
+          itemId: 'request-1',
+          raw: flush,
+        },
+        {
+          type: 'input-transcription-completed',
+          itemId: 'request-1',
+          transcript: 'Hello world',
+          raw: {
+            event: flush,
+            transcriptEvents: [first, second],
+            duration: 0.9,
+          },
+        },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('emits one custom event when a manual stream closes without text', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      const done = { type: 'done', request_id: 'request-1' };
+
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(done)).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: 'session-created',
+          sessionId: 'request-1',
+          raw: done,
+        },
+        { type: 'custom', rawType: 'done', raw: done },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('maps structured Cartesia errors', () => {
+      const model = createModel();
+      const error = {
+        type: 'error',
+        message: 'Invalid model',
+        error_code: 'model_not_found',
+        request_id: 'request-1',
+      };
+
+      expect(model.parseServerEvent(error)).toEqual([
+        {
+          type: 'session-created',
+          sessionId: 'request-1',
+          raw: error,
+        },
+        {
+          type: 'error',
+          message: 'Invalid model',
+          code: 'model_not_found',
+          raw: error,
+        },
+      ]);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dc19d279fb11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/cartesia-realtime-model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+import type {
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4 as RealtimeModelV4,
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4ClientEvent as RealtimeModelV4ClientEvent,
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4ClientSecretOptions as RealtimeModelV4ClientSecretOptions,
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4ClientSecretResult as RealtimeModelV4ClientSecretResult,
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent as RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent,
+  Experimental_RealtimeModelV4SessionConfig as RealtimeModelV4SessionConfig,
+} from '@ai-sdk/provider';
+import {
+  convertBase64ToUint8Array,
+  type FetchFunction,
+} from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
+import type { CartesiaRealtimeModelId } from './cartesia-realtime-model-options';
+
+export type CartesiaRealtimeModelConfig = {
+  provider: string;
+  baseURL: string;
+  version: string;
+  headers: () => Record;
+  fetch?: FetchFunction;
+  _internal?: {
+    currentDate?: () => Date;
+  };
+};
+
+type CartesiaRealtimeWireEvent = {
+  type: string;
+  request_id?: string;
+  transcript?: string;
+  text?: string;
+  is_final?: boolean;
+  duration?: number;
+  message?: string;
+  error_code?: string;
+};
+
+type ManualTranscriptState = {
+  duration: number;
+  events: CartesiaRealtimeWireEvent[];
+  text: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Realtime Ink model using Cartesia's STT WebSocket APIs.
+ */
+export class CartesiaRealtimeModel implements RealtimeModelV4 {
+  readonly specificationVersion = 'v4' as const;
+  readonly provider: string;
+  readonly modelId: CartesiaRealtimeModelId;
+
+  private readonly config: CartesiaRealtimeModelConfig;
+  private manualTranscript: ManualTranscriptState = {
+    duration: 0,
+    events: [],
+    text: '',
+  };
+  private sessionCreated = false;
+  private useTurnDetection = true;
+
+  constructor(
+    modelId: CartesiaRealtimeModelId,
+    config: CartesiaRealtimeModelConfig,
+  ) {
+    this.modelId = modelId;
+    this.provider = config.provider;
+    this.config = config;
+  }
+
+  async doCreateClientSecret(
+    options: RealtimeModelV4ClientSecretOptions,
+  ): Promise {
+    const expiresIn = options.expiresAfterSeconds;
+    if (
+      expiresIn != null &&
+      (!Number.isInteger(expiresIn) || expiresIn <= 0 || expiresIn > 3600)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Cartesia realtime client secrets must expire between 1 and 3600 seconds.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    const sessionConfig = options.sessionConfig;
+    const language = sessionConfig?.inputAudioTranscription?.language;
+    if (language != null && language !== 'en') {
+      throw new Error('Cartesia Ink 2 currently supports English only.');
+    }
+
+    const fetchFn = this.config.fetch ?? fetch;
+    const response = await fetchFn(`${this.config.baseURL}/access-token`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        ...this.config.headers(),
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        grants: { stt: true },
+        ...(expiresIn != null ? { expires_in: expiresIn } : {}),
+      }),
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      const text = await response.text();
+      throw new Error(
+        `Cartesia realtime client secret request failed: ${response.status} ${text}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const data = (await response.json()) as { token?: unknown };
+    if (typeof data.token !== 'string' || data.token.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Cartesia realtime client secret response did not include a token.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    const turnDetection = sessionConfig?.turnDetection;
+    const useTurnDetection =
+      turnDetection === undefined ||
+      (turnDetection !== null && turnDetection.type !== 'disabled');
+    const inputAudioFormat = sessionConfig?.inputAudioFormat;
+    const url = new URL(
+      useTurnDetection
+        ? `${this.config.baseURL}/stt/turns/websocket`
+        : `${this.config.baseURL}/stt/websocket`,
+    );
+    url.protocol = url.protocol === 'http:' ? 'ws:' : 'wss:';
+    url.searchParams.set('model', this.modelId);
+    url.searchParams.set(
+      'encoding',
+      resolveCartesiaEncoding(inputAudioFormat?.type),
+    );
+    url.searchParams.set(
+      'sample_rate',
+      String(inputAudioFormat?.rate ?? 24000),
+    );
+    url.searchParams.set('cartesia_version', this.config.version);
+    if (!useTurnDetection && language != null) {
+      url.searchParams.set('language', language);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      token: data.token,
+      url: url.toString(),
+      ...(expiresIn != null
+        ? {
+            expiresAt:
+              Math.floor(
+                (
+                  this.config._internal?.currentDate?.() ?? new Date()
+                ).getTime() / 1000,
+              ) + expiresIn,
+          }
+        : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  getWebSocketConfig(options: { token: string; url: string }): {
+    url: string;
+  } {
+    const url = new URL(options.url);
+    this.useTurnDetection = url.pathname.includes('/stt/turns/websocket');
+    url.searchParams.set('access_token', options.token);
+    return { url: url.toString() };
+  }
+
+  parseServerEvent(
+    raw: unknown,
+  ): RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent | RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent[] {
+    const event = raw as CartesiaRealtimeWireEvent;
+    const requestId = event.request_id ?? 'cartesia-realtime';
+    let mapped: RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent | RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent[];
+
+    switch (event.type) {
+      case 'connected':
+        this.sessionCreated = true;
+        return {
+          type: 'session-created',
+          sessionId: event.request_id,
+          raw,
+        };
+
+      case 'turn.start':
+        mapped = { type: 'speech-started', itemId: requestId, raw };
+        break;
+
+      case 'turn.resume':
+        mapped = [
+          { type: 'speech-started', itemId: requestId, raw },
+          { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw },
+        ];
+        break;
+
+      case 'turn.end':
+        mapped = [
+          { type: 'speech-stopped', itemId: requestId, raw },
+          {
+            type: 'input-transcription-completed',
+            itemId: requestId,
+            transcript: event.transcript ?? '',
+            raw,
+          },
+        ];
+        break;
+
+      case 'transcript':
+        if (event.is_final === true) {
+          this.manualTranscript.text += event.text ?? '';
+          this.manualTranscript.duration += event.duration ?? 0;
+          this.manualTranscript.events.push(event);
+        }
+        mapped = { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw };
+        break;
+
+      case 'flush_done':
+        mapped = this.finishManualTranscript(event, raw);
+        break;
+
+      case 'done': {
+        if (this.manualTranscript.text.length > 0) {
+          const completed = this.finishManualTranscript(event, raw);
+          mapped = Array.isArray(completed)
+            ? [...completed, { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw }]
+            : [completed, { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw }];
+        } else {
+          mapped = { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw };
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'error':
+        mapped = {
+          type: 'error',
+          message: event.message ?? 'Unknown Cartesia realtime error',
+          code: event.error_code,
+          raw,
+        };
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        mapped = { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw };
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return this.withSessionCreated(mapped, requestId, raw);
+  }
+
+  serializeClientEvent(event: RealtimeModelV4ClientEvent): unknown {
+    switch (event.type) {
+      case 'session-update':
+      case 'input-audio-clear':
+      case 'response-create':
+        return null;
+      case 'input-audio-append':
+        return convertBase64ToUint8Array(event.audio);
+      case 'input-audio-commit':
+        return this.useTurnDetection ? null : 'finalize';
+      default:
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cartesia Ink 2 does not support realtime client event "${event.type}".`,
+        );
+    }
+  }
+
+  buildSessionConfig(_config: RealtimeModelV4SessionConfig): null {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private finishManualTranscript(
+    event: CartesiaRealtimeWireEvent,
+    raw: unknown,
+  ): RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent | RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent[] {
+    const state = this.manualTranscript;
+    this.manualTranscript = { duration: 0, events: [], text: '' };
+    if (state.text.length === 0) {
+      return { type: 'custom', rawType: event.type, raw };
+    }
+
+    return [
+      {
+        type: 'audio-committed',
+        itemId: event.request_id,
+        raw,
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'input-transcription-completed',
+        itemId: event.request_id ?? 'cartesia-realtime',
+        transcript: state.text,
+        raw: {
+          event,
+          transcriptEvents: state.events,
+          duration: state.duration,
+        },
+      },
+    ];
+  }
+
+  private withSessionCreated(
+    event: RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent | RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent[],
+    sessionId: string,
+    raw: unknown,
+  ): RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent | RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent[] {
+    if (this.sessionCreated) {
+      return event;
+    }
+    this.sessionCreated = true;
+    const created: RealtimeModelV4ServerEvent = {
+      type: 'session-created',
+      sessionId,
+      raw,
+    };
+    return Array.isArray(event) ? [created, ...event] : [created, event];
+  }
+}
+
+function resolveCartesiaEncoding(type: string | undefined): string {
+  switch (type) {
+    case undefined:
+    case 'audio/pcm':
+      return 'pcm_s16le';
+    case 'audio/pcmu':
+      return 'pcm_mulaw';
+    case 'audio/pcma':
+      return 'pcm_alaw';
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported Cartesia realtime audio format: ${type}`);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts b/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts
index 66a7962eb57b..1bb4e9091368 100644
--- a/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/cartesia/src/index.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ export type {
 } from './cartesia-provider';
 export { CartesiaSpeechModel } from './cartesia-speech-model';
 export { CartesiaTranscriptionModel } from './cartesia-transcription-model';
+export { CartesiaRealtimeModel } from './cartesia-realtime-model';
+export type {
+  CartesiaRealtimeModelId,
+  CartesiaRealtimeModelOptions,
+} from './cartesia-realtime-model-options';
 export type {
   CartesiaSpeechModelId,
   CartesiaSpeechVoiceId,