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32 | 32 | | ----- | --------- | -------- | |
33 | 33 | | $11.08$ | [C2007] | First dimension-free bound. Also holds in the completely bounded (matrix-valued) setting. | |
34 | 34 | | $1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421$ | [CP2017] | Best universal upper bound prior to the [Jin2026] / [LS2026] pair. Also holds in the completely bounded setting. | |
35 | | -| $2$ | [Jin2026] | Jin: claimed proof of Crouzeix's conjecture, posted on preprints.org in July 2026. | |
36 | | -| $2$ | [LS2026] | Lorist–Schwenninger: proof of Crouzeix's conjecture, combining previous tools for weaker estimates with a "simple perturbation lemma for 2-dilations" applied to the iterates $f^n$ in the double-layer potential representation. The paper acknowledges [Jin2026]. | |
| 35 | +| $2$ | [Jin2026] | Jin: proof of Crouzeix's conjecture, first posted on preprints.org on 27 July 2026. The current version 4 is marked there as not peer-reviewed. | |
| 36 | +| $2$ | [LS2026] | Lorist–Schwenninger: independent proof by a different route, combining previous tools for weaker estimates with a "simple perturbation lemma for 2-dilations" applied to the iterates $f^n$ in the double-layer potential representation. See the note on priority below. | |
37 | 37 |
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38 | 38 | ## Known lower bounds |
39 | 39 |
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44 | 44 |
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45 | 45 | ## Additional comments and links |
46 | 46 |
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47 | | -- Crouzeix conjectured (in [C2004]) that $C_{2}=2$. The lower bound $2$ matches the upper bounds of [Jin2026] and [LS2026], so **the conjecture is (claimed to be) settled**: $C_{2} = 2$. Jin's preprint appeared in July 2026 and Lorist–Schwenninger's followed in August 2026, acknowledging Jin's. |
| 47 | +- Crouzeix conjectured (in [C2004]) that $C_{2}=2$. The lower bound $2$ matches the upper bounds of [Jin2026] and [LS2026], so **the conjecture is (claimed to be) settled**: $C_{2} = 2$. |
| 48 | +- **Priority and independence.** [Jin2026] was posted first, on 27 July 2026, and so has priority of public announcement; [LS2026] appeared on arXiv on 4 August 2026. The two proofs are nonetheless independent, and take different routes. [LS2026, §1] has said so since its first version: "a proof of Crouzeix's conjecture appeared independently in [Jin2026] using a different approach involving function-theoretic representations of matrix-valued functions. Our proof instead uses the operator-theoretic Lemma 1." The AI-disclosure statement in [LS2026, v2] dates the interactions that produced its key observation to 25 and 26 July 2026, and records in a footnote that "the authors became aware of [Jin2026] on July 28, 2026, after the interactions described above." Between 12 and 27 August 2026 this page instead described [LS2026] as merely acknowledging [Jin2026]; that read a citation of prior public posting as a statement of dependence, and was incorrect. |
48 | 49 | - The conjectured constant $2$ is known to hold in a number of special cases; see, for instance, [Cho2013], [GKL2018], [CGL2018]. |
49 | 50 | - Numerical experiments strongly support the conjecture; see [GO2018]. |
50 | 51 | - [Wikipedia page on Crouzeix’s conjecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crouzeix%27s_conjecture) |
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61 | 62 | - [GKL2018] Glader, Christer; Kurula, Mikael; Lindström, Mikael. *Crouzeix’s conjecture holds for tridiagonal $3\times 3$ matrices with elliptic numerical range centered at an eigenvalue.* SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. **39** (2018), no. 1, 346–364. DOI: 10.1137/17M1110663. [arXiv:1701.01365](https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.01365). |
62 | 63 | - [CGL2018] Caldwell, Trevor; Greenbaum, Anne; Li, Kenan. *Some Extensions of the Crouzeix–Palencia Result.* SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. **39** (2018). DOI: 10.1137/17M1140832. [arXiv:1707.08603](https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08603). |
63 | 64 | - [RS2018] Ransford, Thomas; Schwenninger, Felix L. *Remarks on the Crouzeix–Palencia proof that the numerical range is a $(1+\sqrt2)$-spectral set.* SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. **39** (2018), no. 1, 342–345. DOI: 10.1137/17M1143757. [arXiv:1708.08633](https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.08633). |
64 | | -- [Jin2026] Jin. *A proof of Crouzeix's conjecture.* Preprints.org manuscript [202607.1919](https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202607.1919) (July 2026). |
| 65 | +- [Jin2026] Jin, Shanmu. *The Numerical Range Is a $2$-Spectral Set.* Preprints.org manuscript [202607.1919](https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202607.1919), first posted 27 July 2026; version 4 posted 7 August 2026, marked there as not peer-reviewed. DOI: [10.20944/preprints202607.1919.v4](https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202607.1919.v4). |
65 | 66 | - [LS2026] Lorist, Emiel; Schwenninger, Felix L. *A solution to Crouzeix's conjecture.* [arXiv:2608.03841](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03841) (2026). |
66 | 67 |
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67 | 68 |
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68 | | -# Acknowledgements |
| 69 | +## Contribution notes |
69 | 70 |
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70 | | -Prepared with ChatGPT 5.2 Pro. |
| 71 | +Prepared with ChatGPT 5.2 Pro. The priority note above, and the [Jin2026] title, author and posting dates, were checked against the preprints.org record and against versions 1 and 2 of [LS2026] on 27 August 2026, with assistance from Claude Opus 5. |
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