diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/CachedFileStore.java b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/CachedFileStore.java
index 164a14421..12ba5f23a 100644
--- a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/CachedFileStore.java
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/CachedFileStore.java
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ private void initializeSessionCreateTime() throws IOException {
                     new FileInputStream(sessionTimeFile)))) {
                 final Calendar c = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(UtcTimestampConverter
                         .convert(sessionTimeInput.readUTF()));
-                cache.setCreationTime(c);
+                cache.setCreationTimeCalendar(c);
             } catch (final Exception e) {
                 throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
             }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ private void storeSessionTimeStamp() throws IOException {
         try (DataOutputStream sessionTimeOutput = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
                 new FileOutputStream(sessionFileName, false)))) {
             final Date date = SystemTime.getDate();
-            cache.setCreationTime(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(date));
+            cache.setCreationTimeCalendar(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(date));
             sessionTimeOutput.writeUTF(UtcTimestampConverter.convert(date, true));
         }
     }
diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/FileStore.java b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/FileStore.java
index 808e30b9b..1d2309eb8 100644
--- a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/FileStore.java
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/FileStore.java
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ private void initializeSessionCreateTime() throws IOException {
                     new FileInputStream(sessionTimeFile)))) {
                 final Calendar c = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(UtcTimestampConverter
                         .convert(sessionTimeInput.readUTF()));
-                cache.setCreationTime(c);
+                cache.setCreationTimeCalendar(c);
             } catch (final Exception e) {
                 throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
             }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ private void storeSessionTimeStamp() throws IOException {
         try (DataOutputStream sessionTimeOutput = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
                 new FileOutputStream(sessionFileName, false)))) {
             final Date date = SystemTime.getDate();
-            cache.setCreationTime(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(date));
+            cache.setCreationTimeCalendar(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(date));
             sessionTimeOutput.writeUTF(UtcTimestampConverter.convert(date, true));
         }
     }
diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/JdbcStore.java b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/JdbcStore.java
index f05fb6e16..9954db7c7 100644
--- a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/JdbcStore.java
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/JdbcStore.java
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ private void loadCache() throws SQLException, IOException {
             setSessionIdParameters(query, 1);
             rs = query.executeQuery();
             if (rs.next()) {
-                cache.setCreationTime(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(rs.getTimestamp(1)));
+                cache.setCreationTimeCalendar(SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(rs.getTimestamp(1)));
                 cache.setNextTargetMsgSeqNum(rs.getInt(2));
                 cache.setNextSenderMsgSeqNum(rs.getInt(3));
             } else {
diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/MemoryStore.java b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/MemoryStore.java
index 9bbf967f8..485611cb4 100644
--- a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/MemoryStore.java
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/MemoryStore.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class MemoryStore implements MessageStore {
     private int nextSenderMsgSeqNum;
     private int nextTargetMsgSeqNum;
     private SessionID sessionID;
-    private Calendar creationTime = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
+    private Calendar creationTimeCalendar = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
 
     public MemoryStore() throws IOException {
         reset();
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ public boolean get(int sequence, String message) throws IOException {
     }
 
     public Date getCreationTime() throws IOException {
-        return creationTime.getTime();
+        return creationTimeCalendar.getTime();
     }
 
     public Calendar getCreationTimeCalendar() throws IOException {
-        return creationTime;
+        return creationTimeCalendar;
     }
 
-    void setCreationTime(Calendar creationTime) {
-        this.creationTime = creationTime;
+    void setCreationTimeCalendar(Calendar creationTimeCalendar) {
+        this.creationTimeCalendar = creationTimeCalendar;
     }
 
     public int getNextSenderMsgSeqNum() {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public void reset() throws IOException {
         setNextSenderMsgSeqNum(1);
         setNextTargetMsgSeqNum(1);
         messages.clear();
-        creationTime = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
+        creationTimeCalendar = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
     }
 
     public boolean set(int sequence, String message) throws IOException {
diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/NoopStore.java b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/NoopStore.java
index 8bdc4cc35..aec6c25d2 100644
--- a/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/NoopStore.java
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/main/java/quickfix/NoopStore.java
@@ -31,16 +31,15 @@
  */
 public class NoopStore implements MessageStore {
 
-    private Date creationTime = new Date();
-    private Calendar creationTimeCalendar = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar(creationTime);
     private int nextSenderMsgSeqNum = 1;
     private int nextTargetMsgSeqNum = 1;
+    private Calendar creationTimeCalendar = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
 
     public void get(int startSequence, int endSequence, Collection<String> messages) {
     }
 
     public Date getCreationTime() {
-        return creationTime;
+        return creationTimeCalendar.getTime();
     }
 
     public Calendar getCreationTimeCalendar() {
@@ -64,9 +63,9 @@ public void incrNextTargetMsgSeqNum() {
     }
 
     public void reset() {
-        creationTime = new Date();
         nextSenderMsgSeqNum = 1;
         nextTargetMsgSeqNum = 1;
+        creationTimeCalendar = SystemTime.getUtcCalendar();
     }
 
     public boolean set(int sequence, String message) {
diff --git a/quickfixj-core/src/test/java/quickfix/NoopStoreTest.java b/quickfixj-core/src/test/java/quickfix/NoopStoreTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..396c83feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quickfixj-core/src/test/java/quickfix/NoopStoreTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package quickfix;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+
+public class NoopStoreTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldInstantiateNewCalendarOnStoreReset() {
+        try {
+            LocalDateTime before = LocalDateTime.of(2023, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4);
+
+            MockSystemTimeSource beforeTimeSource = new MockSystemTimeSource(before.toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC).toEpochMilli());
+            SystemTime.setTimeSource(beforeTimeSource);
+
+            NoopStore underTest = new NoopStore();
+
+            Date creationTime = underTest.getCreationTime();
+            Calendar creationTimeCalendar = underTest.getCreationTimeCalendar();
+
+            MockSystemTimeSource afterTimeSource = new MockSystemTimeSource(before.plusMinutes(1L).toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC).toEpochMilli());
+            SystemTime.setTimeSource(afterTimeSource);
+
+            underTest.reset();
+
+            Date creationTimeAfterReset = underTest.getCreationTime();
+            Calendar creationTimeCalendarAfterReset = underTest.getCreationTimeCalendar();
+
+            assertNotSame(creationTime, creationTimeAfterReset);
+            assertNotSame(creationTimeCalendar, creationTimeCalendarAfterReset);
+
+            assertNotEquals(creationTime, creationTimeAfterReset);
+            assertNotEquals(creationTimeCalendar, creationTimeCalendarAfterReset);
+        } finally {
+            SystemTime.setTimeSource(null);
+        }
+    }
+}