diff --git a/src/jsc/bindings/BunProcess.cpp b/src/jsc/bindings/BunProcess.cpp
index 81f7487465e0..124262b286ce 100644
--- a/src/jsc/bindings/BunProcess.cpp
+++ b/src/jsc/bindings/BunProcess.cpp
@@ -786,6 +786,7 @@ JSC_DEFINE_HOST_FUNCTION(Process_functionDlopen, (JSC::JSGlobalObject * globalOb
     if (!resultValue.isEmpty() && !scope.exception() && (!strongExports || resultValue != strongExports.get())) {
         PutPropertySlot slot(strongModule.get(), false);
         strongModule->put(strongModule.get(), globalObject, builtinNames(vm).exportsPublicName(), resultValue, slot);
+        RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION(scope, {});
     }
 
     return JSValue::encode(resultValue);
diff --git a/test/napi/dlopen-replace-exports-exception-check.test.ts b/test/napi/dlopen-replace-exports-exception-check.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..845c0b3f1dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/napi/dlopen-replace-exports-exception-check.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bunEnv, bunExe, isMacOS, isWindows, tempDir } from "harness";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Path to the in-repo copies of node_api.h / js_native_api.h.
+const napiHeaderDir = join(import.meta.dir, "..", "..", "src", "runtime", "napi");
+
+// A plain C compiler is enough: the addon below only needs the N-API C ABI.
+const cc = Bun.which("cc") ?? Bun.which("clang") ?? Bun.which("gcc");
+
+// Returns a value other than `exports`, so dlopen writes it to module.exports via
+// JSObject::put, which must be exception-checked. Exports napi_register_module_v1
+// directly (no NAPI_MODULE ctor) so dlopen takes the dlsym path, not self-registration.
+const replaceExportsSource = /* c */ `
+#include <node_api.h>
+
+static napi_value Method(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
+  napi_value result;
+  napi_create_int32(env, 42, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+NAPI_MODULE_EXPORT napi_value napi_register_module_v1(napi_env env, napi_value exports) {
+  napi_value fn;
+  napi_create_function(env, "exports", NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, Method, NULL, &fn);
+  return fn;
+}
+`;
+
+test.skipIf(isWindows || !cc)(
+  "process.dlopen writes a replaced exports value under BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks",
+  async () => {
+    using dir = tempDir("dlopen-replace-exports", {
+      "addon.c": replaceExportsSource,
+      "load.js": `const addon = require("./addon.node");\nconsole.log("loaded", addon());\n`,
+    });
+
+    await using compile = Bun.spawn({
+      cmd: [
+        cc!,
+        "-shared",
+        "-fPIC",
+        // The napi_* symbols are resolved from the host process at dlopen time.
+        ...(isMacOS ? ["-undefined", "dynamic_lookup"] : []),
+        `-I${napiHeaderDir}`,
+        "-o",
+        "addon.node",
+        "addon.c",
+      ],
+      cwd: String(dir),
+      env: bunEnv,
+      stdout: "ignore",
+      stderr: "pipe",
+    });
+    const [compileStderr, compileExitCode] = await Promise.all([compile.stderr.text(), compile.exited]);
+    expect({ exitCode: compileExitCode, stderr: compileStderr }).toMatchObject({ exitCode: 0 });
+
+    await using proc = Bun.spawn({
+      cmd: [bunExe(), "load.js"],
+      cwd: String(dir),
+      env: { ...bunEnv, BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks: "1" },
+      stdout: "pipe",
+      stderr: "pipe",
+    });
+    const [stdout, stderr, exitCode] = await Promise.all([proc.stdout.text(), proc.stderr.text(), proc.exited]);
+
+    // stderr is in the received object so the abort report shows up in the
+    // failure diff, but its contents are not asserted (debug builds write noise).
+    expect({ stdout, stderr, exitCode }).toMatchObject({ stdout: "loaded 42\n", exitCode: 0 });
+  },
+);