diff --git a/src/css/css_parser.rs b/src/css/css_parser.rs
index dce703adc40a..3bdf0af56f07 100644
--- a/src/css/css_parser.rs
+++ b/src/css/css_parser.rs
@@ -3674,6 +3674,17 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         self.input.math_fn_parse_failures += 1;
     }
 
+    /// See `ParserInput::token_list_parse_failures`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn token_list_parse_failures(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.input.token_list_parse_failures
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn note_token_list_parse_failure(&mut self) {
+        self.input.token_list_parse_failures += 1;
+    }
+
     pub fn is_exhausted(&mut self) -> bool {
         self.expect_exhausted().is_ok()
     }
@@ -4218,6 +4229,15 @@ pub struct ParserInput<'a> {
     /// suffix once per backtracking alternative per nesting level.
     unclosed_block_at_eof: Option<UnclosedBlockAtEof>,
     math_fn_parse_failures: u64,
+    /// Monotonic count of raw token-list parse failures
+    /// (`TokenList::parse_into`). A token-list parse is context-free: it
+    /// fails or succeeds the same way every time it runs over the same
+    /// tokens at the same block-nesting depth. Backtracking callers sample
+    /// this before an alternative that buffers token lists internally; if it
+    /// grew, re-parsing the same range through another token-list-based
+    /// alternative is guaranteed to fail again, so they propagate the error
+    /// instead of retrying (which is exponential in the nesting depth).
+    token_list_parse_failures: u64,
 }
 
 /// See `ParserInput::unclosed_block_at_eof`.
@@ -4245,6 +4265,7 @@ impl<'a> ParserInput<'a> {
             nesting_depth: 0,
             unclosed_block_at_eof: None,
             math_fn_parse_failures: 0,
+            token_list_parse_failures: 0,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/css/properties/custom.rs b/src/css/properties/custom.rs
index 7d9d5255bfa8..4251ecf3b610 100644
--- a/src/css/properties/custom.rs
+++ b/src/css/properties/custom.rs
@@ -546,6 +546,20 @@ impl TokenList {
         tokens: &mut Vec<TokenOrValue>,
         options: &ParserOptions,
         depth: usize,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let result = Self::parse_into_impl(input, tokens, options, depth);
+        if result.is_err() {
+            // See `ParserInput::token_list_parse_failures`.
+            input.note_token_list_parse_failure();
+        }
+        result
+    }
+
+    fn parse_into_impl(
+        input: &mut Parser,
+        tokens: &mut Vec<TokenOrValue>,
+        options: &ParserOptions,
+        depth: usize,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         if depth > 500 {
             return Err(input.new_custom_error(ParserError::maximum_nesting_depth));
@@ -577,13 +591,30 @@ impl TokenList {
                         tokens.push(TokenOrValue::Color(color));
                         last_is_delim = false;
                         last_is_whitespace = false;
-                    } else if let Ok(color) =
-                        input.try_parse(|i| UnresolvedColor::parse(i, f, options, depth))
-                    {
-                        tokens.push(TokenOrValue::UnresolvedColor(color));
-                        last_is_delim = false;
-                        last_is_whitespace = false;
-                    } else if strings::eql(*f, b"url") {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let failures_before = input.token_list_parse_failures();
+                    match input.try_parse(|i| UnresolvedColor::parse(i, f, options, depth)) {
+                        Ok(color) => {
+                            tokens.push(TokenOrValue::UnresolvedColor(color));
+                            last_is_delim = false;
+                            last_is_whitespace = false;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            // The attempt failed inside one of its token-list
+                            // arguments (an rgb()/hsl() alpha or a light-dark()
+                            // half). Those tokens fail the same way under every
+                            // alternative below, so propagate instead of
+                            // falling through: re-parsing the arguments once
+                            // per alternative is exponential in the nesting
+                            // depth when such functions are nested.
+                            if input.token_list_parse_failures() != failures_before {
+                                return Err(err);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if strings::eql(*f, b"url") {
                         input.reset(&state);
                         tokens.push(TokenOrValue::Url(ext::url_parse(input)?));
                         last_is_delim = false;
@@ -975,6 +1006,23 @@ impl UnresolvedColor {
                 })
             }),
             b"light-dark" => return input.parse_nested_block(|input2| {
+                // light-dark() requires a top-level comma between its halves.
+                // Check with a raw scan before parsing: buffering the first
+                // half as a token list only to fail on the missing comma makes
+                // the caller re-parse the arguments as a plain function, which
+                // compounds exponentially when light-dark() calls are nested.
+                let scan_start = input2.state();
+                let mut found_comma = false;
+                while let Ok(tok) = input2.next() {
+                    if matches!(tok, Token::Comma) {
+                        found_comma = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                input2.reset(&scan_start);
+                if !found_comma {
+                    return Err(input2.new_error(BasicParseErrorKind::end_of_input));
+                }
                 // `?` drops `light` automatically on the error path.
                 let light = input2.parse_until_before(Delimiters::COMMA, |i| {
                     TokenListFns::parse(i, options, depth + 1)
diff --git a/test/js/bun/css/token-list-backtracking.test.ts b/test/js/bun/css/token-list-backtracking.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..936a635cd19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/js/bun/css/token-list-backtracking.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import { cssInternals } from "bun:internal-for-testing";
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test";
+import { bunEnv, bunExe } from "harness";
+
+// Regression tests for exponential backtracking when parsing nested function
+// values in raw token lists (fuzzer-found OOM/DoS).
+//
+// `TokenList::parse_into` tries `UnresolvedColor::parse` for rgb()/hsl()/
+// light-dark() and falls back to parsing the arguments as a plain function
+// when that attempt fails. The attempt buffers token-list arguments (the
+// rgb()/hsl() alpha, the light-dark() halves), so when it failed *after*
+// consuming them — a missing light-dark() comma, or a bad token inside the
+// alpha — the fallback re-parsed the same range. With such functions nested,
+// every level re-buffered the remaining input once per alternative:
+// O(2^depth) time and allocation churn. The earlier unclosed-block-at-EOF
+// short-circuit only covered truncated inputs, not balanced ones.
+//
+// Now a token-list parse failure inside the attempt propagates instead of
+// falling through (those tokens fail identically under every alternative),
+// and light-dark() checks for its top-level comma with a raw scan before
+// buffering anything.
+
+const { minifyTest, prefixTest, _test } = cssInternals;
+
+function spawnMinify(css: string) {
+  return Bun.spawn({
+    cmd: [
+      bunExe(),
+      "-e",
+      `const c = require("bun:internal-for-testing").cssInternals;
+       const css = ${JSON.stringify(css)};
+       const rssBefore = process.memoryUsage.rss();
+       let threw = false;
+       try { c.minifyTest(css, ""); } catch { threw = true; }
+       const deltaMB = (process.memoryUsage.rss() - rssBefore) / 1024 / 1024;
+       if (deltaMB > 256) throw new Error("memory grew by " + deltaMB.toFixed(0) + "MB");
+       console.log("done threw=" + threw);`,
+    ],
+    env: { ...bunEnv, BUN_FEATURE_FLAG_INTERNAL_FOR_TESTING: "1" },
+    stdout: "pipe",
+    stderr: "pipe",
+    // Backstop: the unfixed parser blocks inside a single native call for
+    // hours at this depth, so kill the child rather than hanging the runner.
+    timeout: 60_000,
+    killSignal: "SIGKILL",
+  });
+}
+
+async function expectBounded(css: string, expectedThrew: boolean) {
+  await using proc = spawnMinify(css);
+  const [stdout, stderr, exitCode] = await Promise.all([proc.stdout.text(), proc.stderr.text(), proc.exited]);
+  expect({ stdout, exitCode, stderr: stderr.includes("error") ? stderr : "" }).toEqual({
+    stdout: `done threw=${expectedThrew}\n`,
+    exitCode: 0,
+    stderr: "",
+  });
+}
+
+const filler = Buffer.alloc(4000, "0 ").toString();
+
+test.concurrent("deeply nested light-dark() without a top-level comma parses in bounded time", async () => {
+  // The attempt consumed the whole argument range before failing on the
+  // missing comma, then the fallback re-parsed it: 2^depth. Depth 16 already
+  // took ~15s before the fix; depth 96 did not finish.
+  const depth = 96;
+  const css = ".a{--x:" + "light-dark(".repeat(depth) + filler + ")".repeat(depth) + "}";
+  await expectBounded(css, false);
+});
+
+test.concurrent("deeply nested rgb() with a bad-string token in the alpha parses in bounded time", async () => {
+  // The alpha token list fails on the unterminated string; that range fails
+  // identically when re-parsed as a plain function, once per nesting level.
+  const depth = 96;
+  const css = ".a{--x:" + "rgb(1 1 1/ ".repeat(depth) + filler + "' \n" + ")".repeat(depth) + "}";
+  await expectBounded(css, true);
+});
+
+test.concurrent("deeply nested rgb() with an invalid var() in the alpha parses in bounded time", async () => {
+  // Same shape, but the doomed token is an inner var() with an invalid name
+  // rather than a tokenizer-level error token.
+  const depth = 96;
+  const css = ".a{--x:" + "rgb(1 1 1/ ".repeat(depth) + filler + "var(0)" + ")".repeat(depth) + "}";
+  await expectBounded(css, true);
+});
+
+test("original fuzzer input parses in bounded time and memory", () => {
+  // Minimized fuzzer testcase: thousands of unclosed `{` blocks, unterminated
+  // strings, and a trailing run of `}`.
+  const input = Buffer.from(
+    Bun.gunzipSync(
+      Buffer.from(
+        "H4sIAAAAAAACA+3QoQqAMBSF4e5T3Ga6MquvYlKZIFMWpoiMvYuPajBYrc7/Kz+ceGIEACAvBxcAAPBT7TvV6L3E4k4pYehm25y1pC9N8tDd9m5ademCa2RTNZX5oAQAAAAAQBYuJSDTGYIfAAA=",
+        "base64",
+      ),
+    ),
+  ).toString("latin1");
+  expect(() => minifyTest(input, "")).toThrow("Unexpected end of input");
+  expect(() => _test(input, "", { chrome: 80 << 16 })).toThrow("Unexpected end of input");
+  expect(() => prefixTest(input, "", { chrome: 80 << 16 })).toThrow("Unexpected end of input");
+});
+
+test("valid and recovered color function values are unchanged", () => {
+  const cases: [string, string][] = [
+    [".a{--x: light-dark(red, blue)}", ".a{--x:light-dark(red,#00f)}"],
+    // No top-level comma: still recovered as a plain function.
+    [".a{--x: light-dark(red blue)}", ".a{--x:light-dark(red blue)}"],
+    [".a{--x: light-dark(rgb(1 2 3), #fff)}", ".a{--x:light-dark(#010203,#fff)}"],
+    [".a{--x: light-dark(light-dark(red, blue), green)}", ".a{--x:light-dark(red,green)}"],
+    [".a{--x: light-dark(var(--l), var(--d))}", ".a{--x:light-dark(var(--l),var(--d))}"],
+    [".a{--x: rgb(1 1 1/var(--a))}", ".a{--x:rgb(1 1 1/var(--a))}"],
+    [".a{--x: hsl(120deg 50% 50%/var(--o, 0.5))}", ".a{--x:hsl(120 50% 50%/var(--o,.5))}"],
+    [".a{--x: rgb(var(--r) 0 0/1)}", ".a{--x:rgb(var(--r)0 0/1)}"],
+    [".a{--x: f(light-dark(red))}", ".a{--x:f(light-dark(red))}"],
+    [".a{--x: var(--a, light-dark(x y))}", ".a{--x:var(--a,light-dark(x y))}"],
+    [".a{--x: env(safe-area-inset-top, light-dark(a, b))}", ".a{--x:env(safe-area-inset-top,light-dark(a,b))}"],
+  ];
+  for (const [css, expected] of cases) {
+    expect(minifyTest(css, "")).toBe(expected);
+  }
+});
+
+test("bad tokens inside color function arguments still fail the declaration", () => {
+  expect(() => minifyTest(".a{--x: rgb(1 1 1/ ] )}", "")).toThrow("Unexpected token");
+  expect(() => minifyTest(".a{--x: light-dark(a, ] )}", "")).toThrow("Unexpected token");
+  expect(() => minifyTest(".a{--x: light-dark( ] , b)}", "")).toThrow("Unexpected token");
+});