diff --git a/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.js b/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.js
index 40fcb9d02f9986..9db5cac2747006 100644
--- a/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.js
+++ b/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.js
@@ -219,6 +219,21 @@ export function testReset() {
   hystersisTimer.clear();
 }
 
+function isCursorOver(element, cursorPosition) {
+  if (!element) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+  return (
+    cursorPosition.x >= rect.left &&
+    cursorPosition.x <= rect.right &&
+    cursorPosition.y >= rect.top &&
+    cursorPosition.y <= rect.bottom
+  );
+}
+
 function composeEventHandler(handler, eventHandler) {
   return (event, ...params) => {
     if (eventHandler) {
@@ -265,6 +280,10 @@ const Tooltip = React.forwardRef(function Tooltip(inProps, ref) {
   const [arrowRef, setArrowRef] = React.useState(null);
   const ignoreNonTouchEvents = React.useRef(false);
   const openedByDisabledTriggerRef = React.useRef(false);
+  const popperNodeRef = React.useRef(null);
+  // Where the cursor was when it last entered the trigger or the tooltip.
+  // `null` when the tooltip was not opened by a cursor, i.e. by focus or by touch.
+  const cursorPositionRef = React.useRef(null);
 
   const disableInteractive = disableInteractiveProp || followCursor;
 
@@ -336,6 +355,9 @@ const Tooltip = React.forwardRef(function Tooltip(inProps, ref) {
       return;
     }
 
+    cursorPositionRef.current =
+      event.type === 'mouseover' ? { x: event.clientX, y: event.clientY } : null;
+
     // Remove the title ahead of time.
     // We don't want to wait for the next render commit.
     // We would risk displaying two tooltips at the same time (native + this one).
@@ -490,6 +512,42 @@ const Tooltip = React.forwardRef(function Tooltip(inProps, ref) {
     };
   }, [handleClose, open]);
 
+  // Scrolling moves the trigger out from under a motionless cursor without the browser
+  // firing any pointer event, so the tooltip would stay open with nothing hovered.
+  // https://github.com/mui/material-ui/issues/44548
+  const handleScroll = useEventCallback((nativeEvent) => {
+    const cursorPosition = cursorPositionRef.current;
+
+    // A tooltip opened by focus stays open as long as the trigger is focused, and a touch
+    // interaction leaves no cursor behind. Neither is affected by a scroll.
+    if (!cursorPosition) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      isCursorOver(childNode, cursorPosition) ||
+      (!disableInteractive && isCursorOver(popperNodeRef.current, cursorPosition))
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    handleMouseLeave(nativeEvent);
+  });
+
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    if (!open) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // `scroll` does not bubble, the listener has to run in the capture phase to catch
+    // scrolls happening in any container between the document and the trigger.
+    document.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll, true);
+
+    return () => {
+      document.removeEventListener('scroll', handleScroll, true);
+    };
+  }, [handleScroll, open]);
+
   const handleRef = useForkRef(getReactElementRef(children), setChildNode, ref);
 
   // There is no point in displaying an empty tooltip.
@@ -639,6 +697,7 @@ const Tooltip = React.forwardRef(function Tooltip(inProps, ref) {
     externalForwardedProps,
     ownerState,
     className: classes.popper,
+    ref: popperNodeRef,
   });
 
   const [TransitionSlot, transitionSlotProps] = useSlot('transition', {
diff --git a/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.test.js b/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.test.js
index 223af6d372bf43..804b8db6dba9ef 100644
--- a/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.test.js
+++ b/packages/mui-material/src/Tooltip/Tooltip.test.js
@@ -632,6 +632,137 @@ describe('<Tooltip />', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('scroll', () => {
+    // The trigger sits away from the viewport origin so that the tooltip is never rendered
+    // under the real pointer of the browser running the test, which would fire a genuine
+    // `mouseover` and overwrite the cursor position the test is simulating.
+    const TRIGGER_RECT = { top: 100, left: 100, bottom: 120, right: 200 };
+    const TOOLTIP_RECT = { top: 130, left: 100, bottom: 160, right: 200 };
+    const SCROLLED_AWAY_RECT = { top: 20, left: 100, bottom: 40, right: 200 };
+    const CURSOR_ON_TRIGGER = { clientX: 150, clientY: 110 };
+    const CURSOR_ON_TOOLTIP = { clientX: 150, clientY: 140 };
+
+    // Neither JSDOM nor a freshly laid out popper gives the test control over the
+    // geometry the component reads, so every rect it looks at is provided here.
+    function setRect(element, { top, left, bottom, right }) {
+      element.getBoundingClientRect = () => ({
+        top,
+        left,
+        bottom,
+        right,
+        x: left,
+        y: top,
+        width: right - left,
+        height: bottom - top,
+        toJSON() {},
+      });
+    }
+
+    function renderTooltip(props) {
+      const handleClose = spy();
+
+      render(
+        <div data-testid="scroller">
+          <Tooltip
+            title="Hello World"
+            enterDelay={100}
+            leaveDelay={111}
+            onClose={handleClose}
+            slotProps={{ transition: { timeout: 10 } }}
+            {...props}
+          >
+            <button type="submit">Hello World</button>
+          </Tooltip>
+        </div>,
+      );
+
+      const trigger = screen.getByRole('button');
+      setRect(trigger, TRIGGER_RECT);
+
+      return { handleClose, trigger };
+    }
+
+    async function scroll(element) {
+      fireEvent.scroll(element);
+      // Popper schedules its update in a microtask, flush it before moving on.
+      await act(async () => {
+        await Promise.resolve();
+      });
+      clock.tick(111);
+      clock.tick(10);
+    }
+
+    it('should close when a scroll moves the trigger away from the cursor', async () => {
+      const { handleClose, trigger } = renderTooltip();
+
+      fireEvent.mouseOver(trigger, CURSOR_ON_TRIGGER);
+      clock.tick(100);
+
+      const tooltip = screen.getByRole('tooltip');
+      expect(tooltip).toBeVisible();
+      setRect(tooltip, TOOLTIP_RECT);
+
+      // The container scrolls under a motionless cursor: nothing is below it anymore.
+      setRect(trigger, SCROLLED_AWAY_RECT);
+      await scroll(screen.getByTestId('scroller'));
+
+      expect(handleClose.callCount).to.equal(1);
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('tooltip')).to.equal(null);
+    });
+
+    it('should stay open when the cursor is still over the trigger after the scroll', async () => {
+      const { handleClose, trigger } = renderTooltip();
+
+      fireEvent.mouseOver(trigger, CURSOR_ON_TRIGGER);
+      clock.tick(100);
+      setRect(screen.getByRole('tooltip'), TOOLTIP_RECT);
+
+      // Scrolled by 5px only, the cursor is still within the trigger.
+      setRect(trigger, { ...TRIGGER_RECT, top: 95, bottom: 115 });
+      await scroll(document);
+
+      expect(handleClose.callCount).to.equal(0);
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('tooltip')).not.to.equal(null);
+    });
+
+    it('should stay open when the cursor is over an interactive tooltip', async () => {
+      const { handleClose, trigger } = renderTooltip();
+
+      fireEvent.mouseOver(trigger, CURSOR_ON_TRIGGER);
+      clock.tick(100);
+
+      // The cursor moved from the trigger onto the tooltip.
+      const tooltip = screen.getByRole('tooltip');
+      setRect(tooltip, TOOLTIP_RECT);
+      fireEvent.mouseLeave(trigger);
+      fireEvent.mouseOver(tooltip, CURSOR_ON_TOOLTIP);
+
+      setRect(trigger, SCROLLED_AWAY_RECT);
+      await scroll(document);
+
+      expect(handleClose.callCount).to.equal(0);
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('tooltip')).not.to.equal(null);
+    });
+
+    it('should not close a tooltip that was not opened by the cursor', async () => {
+      const enterTouchDelay = 700;
+      const { handleClose, trigger } = renderTooltip({ enterTouchDelay });
+
+      fireEvent.touchStart(trigger);
+      clock.tick(enterTouchDelay + 100);
+
+      const tooltip = screen.getByRole('tooltip');
+      expect(tooltip).toBeVisible();
+      setRect(tooltip, TOOLTIP_RECT);
+
+      setRect(trigger, SCROLLED_AWAY_RECT);
+      await scroll(document);
+
+      expect(handleClose.callCount).to.equal(0);
+      expect(screen.queryByRole('tooltip')).not.to.equal(null);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('mount', () => {
     it('should mount without any issue', () => {
       render(