diff --git a/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.test.tsx b/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.test.tsx
index 1647deca7afe1d..e7aae18afa703d 100644
--- a/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.test.tsx
@@ -366,6 +366,89 @@ describe('<TextareaAutosize />', () => {
       expect(input.style).to.have.property('overflow', '');
     });
 
+    it('should show scrollbar when the content is taller than the CSS "max-height"', () => {
+      const lineHeight = 15;
+      const maxHeight = lineHeight * 3;
+      const { forceUpdate } = render(<TextareaAutosize style={{ maxHeight }} />);
+      const input = screen.getByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: false,
+      });
+      const shadow = screen.getAllByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: true,
+      })[1];
+      setLayout(input, shadow, {
+        getComputedStyle: {
+          boxSizing: 'content-box',
+          maxHeight: `${maxHeight}px`,
+        },
+        scrollHeight: lineHeight * 2,
+        lineHeight,
+      });
+      forceUpdate();
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('height', `${lineHeight * 2}px`);
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('overflow', 'hidden');
+
+      setLayout(input, shadow, {
+        getComputedStyle: {
+          boxSizing: 'content-box',
+          maxHeight: `${maxHeight}px`,
+        },
+        scrollHeight: lineHeight * 4,
+        lineHeight,
+      });
+      forceUpdate();
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('overflow', '');
+    });
+
+    it('should take the box sizing into account when comparing with the CSS "max-height"', () => {
+      const border = 5;
+      const lineHeight = 15;
+      // The content on its own fits, the border pushes the border box past the limit.
+      const maxHeight = lineHeight * 2 + border - 1;
+      const { forceUpdate } = render(<TextareaAutosize style={{ maxHeight }} />);
+      const input = screen.getByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: false,
+      });
+      const shadow = screen.getAllByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: true,
+      })[1];
+      setLayout(input, shadow, {
+        getComputedStyle: {
+          boxSizing: 'border-box',
+          borderBottomWidth: `${border}px`,
+          maxHeight: `${maxHeight}px`,
+        },
+        scrollHeight: lineHeight * 2,
+        lineHeight,
+      });
+      forceUpdate();
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('height', `${lineHeight * 2 + border}px`);
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('overflow', '');
+    });
+
+    it('should keep hiding the overflow when the CSS "max-height" is not an absolute length', () => {
+      const lineHeight = 15;
+      const { forceUpdate } = render(<TextareaAutosize style={{ maxHeight: '50%' }} />);
+      const input = screen.getByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: false,
+      });
+      const shadow = screen.getAllByRole<HTMLTextAreaElement>('textbox', {
+        hidden: true,
+      })[1];
+      setLayout(input, shadow, {
+        getComputedStyle: {
+          boxSizing: 'content-box',
+          // `getComputedStyle` does not resolve percentages for `max-height`.
+          maxHeight: '50%',
+        },
+        scrollHeight: lineHeight * 4,
+        lineHeight,
+      });
+      forceUpdate();
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('height', `${lineHeight * 4}px`);
+      expect(input.style).to.have.property('overflow', 'hidden');
+    });
+
     it('should update its height when the "maxRows" prop changes', () => {
       const lineHeight = 15;
       const { forceUpdate, setProps } = render(<TextareaAutosize maxRows={3} />);
diff --git a/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.tsx b/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.tsx
index b3d460a1d6eaef..59d809c79efbdb 100644
--- a/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.tsx
+++ b/packages/mui-material/src/TextareaAutosize/TextareaAutosize.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,17 @@ function getStyleValue(value: string) {
   return parseInt(value, 10) || 0;
 }
 
+function getMaxHeight(value: string) {
+  // `getComputedStyle` resolves `max-height` to an absolute length, except for values that
+  // depend on the layout, for example percentages or `calc()` expressions mixing both.
+  // Those can't be compared with the computed height, so they are treated as unbounded.
+  if (!value || !value.endsWith('px')) {
+    return Infinity;
+  }
+
+  return getStyleValue(value);
+}
+
 const styles: {
   shadow: React.CSSProperties;
 } = {
@@ -123,7 +134,10 @@ const TextareaAutosize = React.forwardRef(function TextareaAutosize(
 
     // Take the box sizing into account for applying this value as a style.
     const outerHeightStyle = outerHeight + (boxSizing === 'border-box' ? padding + border : 0);
-    const overflowing = Math.abs(outerHeight - innerHeight) <= 1;
+    // A CSS `max-height` clips the textarea before it reaches `outerHeightStyle`, so the content
+    // has to stay scrollable, the same way it does once `maxRows` is reached.
+    const clippedByMaxHeight = outerHeightStyle > getMaxHeight(computedStyle.maxHeight);
+    const overflowing = Math.abs(outerHeight - innerHeight) <= 1 && !clippedByMaxHeight;
 
     return { outerHeightStyle, overflowing };
   }, [maxRows, minRows, props.placeholder]);