diff --git a/components/AuthorCard.tsx b/components/AuthorCard.tsx
index 5ee31e5d9..5fed59e3a 100644
--- a/components/AuthorCard.tsx
+++ b/components/AuthorCard.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import React from "react";
 import Image from "next/image";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar } from "../lib/constants";
 
 /* ── Small arrow icon ── */
 const ArrowRightIcon = () => (
@@ -55,13 +56,13 @@ const AuthorCard: React.FC<AuthorCardProps> = ({
   const roleBg = role === "Writer" ? "#FFF7ED" : "#F5F3FF";
   const profileHref = `/authors/${sanitizeAuthorSlug(name)}`;
 
-  /* Resolve avatar src (handle external URLs via proxy) */
+  /* Resolve avatar src: normalize junk (imag1/image/n/a/empty) to the local
+     placeholder first, then route real external URLs through the proxy. */
+  const safeUrl = resolveAuthorAvatar(imageUrl);
   const resolvedSrc =
-    !imageUrl || imageUrl === "n/a"
-      ? "/blog/images/author.png"
-      : /^https?:\/\//i.test(imageUrl) && basePath
-        ? `${basePath}/api/proxy-image?url=${encodeURIComponent(imageUrl)}`
-        : imageUrl;
+    /^https?:\/\//i.test(safeUrl) && basePath
+      ? `${basePath}/api/proxy-image?url=${encodeURIComponent(safeUrl)}`
+      : safeUrl;
 
   /* Clean description sentences */
   const descriptionText =
diff --git a/components/AuthorHero.tsx b/components/AuthorHero.tsx
index 5dafdf40d..e003a0be0 100644
--- a/components/AuthorHero.tsx
+++ b/components/AuthorHero.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import Image from "next/image";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { motion } from "framer-motion";
 import { IoLogoLinkedin } from "react-icons/io5";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar } from "../lib/constants";
 
 interface AuthorHeroProps {
   name: string;
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ const AuthorHero: React.FC<AuthorHeroProps> = ({
   description,
   linkedIn,
 }) => {
-  const resolvedAvatar = !avatarUrl || avatarUrl === "n/a" ? "/blog/images/author.png" : avatarUrl;
+  const resolvedAvatar = resolveAuthorAvatar(avatarUrl);
 
   // Only show social links that actually exist
   const socialSlots = [linkedIn].filter(link => link && link !== "n/a");
@@ -53,9 +54,10 @@ const AuthorHero: React.FC<AuthorHeroProps> = ({
                   href={link!}
                   target="_blank"
                   rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                  aria-label={`${name} on LinkedIn`}
                   className="group flex items-center justify-center w-11 h-11 rounded-full bg-gray-100 text-[#637277] shadow-sm hover:bg-[#0077B5] hover:text-white hover:shadow-md transition-all duration-300"
                 >
-                  <IoLogoLinkedin className="w-5 h-5" />
+                  <IoLogoLinkedin className="w-5 h-5" aria-hidden="true" />
                 </Link>
               ))}
             </div>
diff --git a/components/AuthorMapping.tsx b/components/AuthorMapping.tsx
index 352f9b58e..02187ff27 100644
--- a/components/AuthorMapping.tsx
+++ b/components/AuthorMapping.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import Link from "next/link";
 import Image from "next/image";
 import { Post } from "../types/post";
 import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar } from "../lib/constants";
 
 export default function AuthorMapping({
   AuthorArray,
@@ -67,23 +68,15 @@ export default function AuthorMapping({
           <Link href={`/authors/${author.slug}`} key={index}>
             <div className="p-5 rounded-lg mt-5 mb-5 flex flex-col justify-between  border border-transparent transform transition-colors  hover:border-accent-2 hover:dark:bg-neutral-400/30 hover:scale-105 cursor-pointer">
               <div className="flex items-center mb-3 sm:mb-0">
-                {author.avatarUrl != "imag1" &&  author.avatarUrl != "image" ? (
-                  <Image
-                    src={author.avatarUrl}
-                    alt={`${author.ppmaAuthorName}'s Avatar`}
-                    className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full mr-3 sm:mr-2 "
-                    height={48}
-                    width={48}
-                  />
-                ) : (
-                  <Image
-                    src={`/blog/images/author.png`}
-                    alt={`${author.ppmaAuthorName}'s Avatar`}
-                    className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full mr-3 sm:mr-2 "
-                    height={48}
-                    width={48}
-                  />
-                )}
+                {/* resolveAuthorAvatar handles any junk value (imag1/image/n/a/
+                    empty), not just the two hardcoded strings this checked before */}
+                <Image
+                  src={resolveAuthorAvatar(author.avatarUrl)}
+                  alt={`${author.ppmaAuthorName}'s Avatar`}
+                  className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full mr-3 sm:mr-2 "
+                  height={48}
+                  width={48}
+                />
                 <h2 className="bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-200 to-orange-100 bg-[length:100%_20px] bg-no-repeat bg-left-bottom w-max mb-8 text-2xl heading1 md:text-xl font-bold tracking-tighter leading-tight">
                   {author.ppmaAuthorName}
                 </h2>
diff --git a/components/ReviewingAuthor.tsx b/components/ReviewingAuthor.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 310661fb6..000000000
--- a/components/ReviewingAuthor.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-import React from "react";
-import Image from "next/image";
-import { useRouter } from "next/router";
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { useState } from "react";
-import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
-const ReviewingAuthor = ({ name, avatar, description }) => {
-  const { basePath } = useRouter();
-  const [showMore, setShowMore] = useState(false);
-  const toggleShowMore = () => {
-    setShowMore(!showMore);
-  };
-
-  const FormatDescription = (description) => {
-    if (description==null) {
-      return {    
-        description: 'Writer at keploy publication.'
-      };
-    };
-    const des = description.split(". ");
-    const len = des.length;
-    return {
-      newAuthorDescription: des,
-      length: len,
-    };
-  };
-  const { newAuthorDescription, length } = FormatDescription(description);
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <div className="max-w-9xl mx-auto bg-slate-000 shadow-md rounded-lg overflow-hidden flex flex-col sm:flex-row md:flex-row lg:flex-row">
-        <div className="w-3/5 self-center sm:w-1/4 p-8 flex justify-center items-center">
-          {avatar !== "n/a" && (
-            <Image
-              src={/^https?:\/\//i.test(avatar) ? `${basePath}/api/proxy-image?url=${encodeURIComponent(avatar)}` : avatar}
-              alt="Author Avatar"
-              width={200}
-              height={200}
-              className="object-cover rounded-full sm:h-30 sm:w-30 aspect-square"
-              priority
-            />
-          )}
-          {avatar === "n/a" && (
-            <Image
-              src={"/blog/images/author.png"}
-              alt="Author Avatar"
-              width={200}
-              height={200}
-              className="object-cover rounded-full sm:h-30 sm:w-30 aspect-square"
-              priority
-            />
-          )}
-        </div>
-
-        <div className="w-full sm:w-2/3 p-8">
-          <div className="heading1 uppercase tracking-wide text-base text-black font-semibold">
-            Reviewer Details
-          </div>
-          <div className="list-disc mt-2 text-gray-600 heading1">
-            <div className="mb-2">
-              <span className="font-semibold">Reviewer Name:</span> {name}
-            </div>
-            <div>
-              <span className="font-semibold">Reviewer Description:</span>{" "}
-              {length > 0 ? (
-                newAuthorDescription.map((item, index) => (
-                  <li
-                    key={index}
-                    className={
-                      !showMore && index >= 1 ? " ml-5 hidden" : "ml-5"
-                    }
-                  >
-                    {item}
-                  </li>
-                ))
-              ) : (
-                <span className="text-gray-600">A reviewer for Keploy</span>
-              )}
-              {!showMore && length > 2 && newAuthorDescription.length && (
-                <button
-                  onClick={toggleShowMore}
-                  className=" text-slate-500 hover:underline mt-1"
-                >
-                  Show more
-                </button>
-              )}
-              {showMore && (
-                <button
-                  onClick={toggleShowMore}
-                  className="text-slate-400 focus:outline-none hover:underline  mt-1"
-                >
-                  Show less
-                </button>
-              )}
-            </div>
-
-            <div className="mt-2  flex justify-end">
-              <button className="text-slate-100 place-self-end focus:outline-none hover:bg-slate-800 hover:text-slate-50 bg-slate-500 p-2 rounded-lg mt-1">
-                <Link href={`/authors/${sanitizeAuthorSlug(name)}`}>View All Posts</Link>
-              </button>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </>
-  );
-};
-
-export default ReviewingAuthor;
diff --git a/components/TagsPostPreview.tsx b/components/TagsPostPreview.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c3c539be..000000000
--- a/components/TagsPostPreview.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-import Avatar from "./avatar";
-import Date from "./date";
-import CoverImage from "./cover-image";
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { Post } from "../types/post";
-
-export default function TagsPostPreview({
-  title,
-  coverImage,
-  date,
-  excerpt,
-  author,
-  slug,
-  isCommunity,
-}: {
-  title: Post["title"];
-  coverImage: Post["featuredImage"];
-  date: Post["date"];
-  excerpt: Post["excerpt"];
-  author: Post["ppmaAuthorName"];
-  slug: Post["slug"];
-  isCommunity: any;
-}) {
-  excerpt = excerpt.replace("Table of Contents", "");
-  const basePath =
-    isCommunity &&
-    isCommunity.edges &&
-    isCommunity.edges[0] &&
-    isCommunity.edges[0].node.name === "community"
-      ? "/community"
-      : "/technology";
-
-  return (
-    <div className="bg-gray-100 border p-6 rounded-md   lg:hover:shadow-md transition">
-      <div className="mb-5">
-        {coverImage && (
-          <CoverImage
-            title={title}
-            coverImage={coverImage}
-            slug={slug}
-            isCommunity={isCommunity}
-          />
-        )}
-      </div>
-      <h3 className="text-2xl leading-snug leading-none heading1 font-bold">
-        <Link
-          href={`${basePath}/${slug}`}
-          className="bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-200 to-orange-100 bg-[length:0px_10px] bg-left-bottom bg-no-repeat transition-[background-size] duration-500 hover:bg-[length:100%_10px] group-hover:bg-[length:100%_10px]"
-          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: title }}
-        ></Link>
-      </h3>
-      <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
-        <Avatar author={author ? author : "Anonymous"} />
-        <div className="divider bg-orange-700 h-1 w-1 rounded-full"></div>
-        <div className="text-md mb-4 pt-4">
-          <Date dateString={date} />
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div
-        className="text-sm leading-normal mb-4 body text-slate-600"
-        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: excerpt }}
-      />
-    </div>
-  );
-}
diff --git a/components/cover-image.tsx b/components/cover-image.tsx
index fe1db3004..6f319e60f 100644
--- a/components/cover-image.tsx
+++ b/components/cover-image.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import Image from "next/image";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { Post } from "../types/post";
+import { DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL } from "../lib/structured-data";
 
 interface Props extends Partial<Pick<Post, "title" | "slug">> {
   coverImage: Post["featuredImage"];
@@ -22,13 +23,16 @@ export default function CoverImage({
   sizes = "(max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 780px, 780px",
 }: Props) {
   const basePath = isCommunity ? "/community/" : "/technology/";
+  // Never let the link's accessible name or the image alt end up empty (some
+  // cards render without a title) — an empty aria-label is an anchor-less link.
+  const safeTitle = title || "Keploy blog article";
 
   const image = (
     <Image
       width={2000}
       height={1000}
-      alt={`Cover Image for ${title}`}
-      src={coverImage?.node.sourceUrl}
+      alt={`Cover Image for ${safeTitle}`}
+      src={coverImage?.node?.sourceUrl || DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL}
       className={`w-full h-auto object-cover${imgClassName ? ` ${imgClassName}` : ""}${slug ? " transition-transform duration-300 hover:scale-[1.01]" : ""}`}
       priority={priority}
       loading={priority ? "eager" : "lazy"}
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ export default function CoverImage({
   return (
     <div className="w-full overflow-hidden">
       {slug ? (
-        <Link href={`${basePath}${slug}`} aria-label={title}>
+        <Link href={`${basePath}${slug}`} aria-label={safeTitle}>
           {image}
         </Link>
       ) : (
diff --git a/components/latest-post.tsx b/components/latest-post.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index c7570e6ce..000000000
--- a/components/latest-post.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-// components/latest-post.tsx
-
-import Avatar from "./avatar";
-import Date from "./date";
-import CoverImage from "./cover-image";
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { Post } from "../types/post";
-
-interface Props extends Pick<Post, "title" | "date" | "excerpt" | "slug"> {
-  coverImage: Post["featuredImage"];
-  author: Post["ppmaAuthorName"];
-  isCommunity?: boolean;
-}
-
-export default function LatestPost({
-  title,
-  coverImage,
-  date,
-  excerpt,
-  author,
-  slug,
-  isCommunity,
-}: Props) {
-  const basePath = isCommunity ? "/community" : "/technology";
-  excerpt = excerpt.replace("Table of Contents", "");
-  return (
-    <section>
-      <div className="bg-gray-100 border px-8 py-8 rounded-md flex flex-col lg:gap-x-8 mb-20 md:mb-28 relative lg:hover:shadow-md transition">
-        <h2 className="heading1 text-4xl lg:text-5xl font-bold leading-none mb-8">
-          Our Latest Blog Post -
-        </h2>
-
-        <div className="mb-8 w-full lg:mb-0">
-          {coverImage && (
-            <CoverImage
-              title={title}
-              coverImage={coverImage}
-              slug={slug}
-              isCommunity={isCommunity}
-            />
-          )}
-        </div>
-
-        <div className="flex flex-col flex-1">
-          <h3 className="heading1 text-3xl lg:text-4xl font-bold leading-none mb-4">
-            <Link
-              href={`${basePath}/${slug}`}
-              className="hero-title-link title-link bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-200 to-orange-100 bg-[length:0px_10px] bg-left-bottom bg-no-repeat transition-[background-size] duration-500 hover:bg-[length:100%_10px] group-hover:bg-[length:100%_10px]"
-              dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: title }}
-              aria-label={`Read more about ${title}`}
-            ></Link>
-          </h3>
-
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-4 mb-4">
-            <Avatar author={author ? author : "Anonymous"} />
-            <div className="divider bg-orange-700 h-1 w-1 rounded-full"></div>
-            <div className="text-md pt-1">
-              <Date dateString={date} />
-            </div>
-          </div>
-
-          <div>
-            <div
-              className="body xl:text-md text-md leading-relaxed mb-4 text-slate-600"
-              dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: excerpt }}
-            />
-          </div>
-
-          <div className="mt-auto self-end">
-            <Link
-              href={`${basePath}/${slug}`}
-              className="text-orange-400 hover:text-orange-600 font-semibold flex items-center"
-              aria-label={`Read more about ${title}`}
-            >
-              Read More
-              <span className="ml-2">
-              <svg
-                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-                className="h-5 w-5"
-                viewBox="0 0 20 20"
-                fill="currentColor"
-                >
-                <path
-                    fillRule="evenodd"
-                    d="M7.707 14.707a1 1 0 010-1.414L10.586 10 7.707 6.707a1 1 0 011.414-1.414l4 4a1 1 0 010 1.414l-4 4a1 1 0 01-1.414 0z"
-                    clipRule="evenodd"
-                />
-              </svg>
-              </span>
-            </Link>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </section>
-  );
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/components/post-preview.tsx b/components/post-preview.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 589debd0b..000000000
--- a/components/post-preview.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-import Avatar from "./avatar";
-import Date from "./date";
-import CoverImage from "./cover-image";
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { Post } from "../types/post";
-import { animated, easings, useInView } from "@react-spring/web";
-
-export default function PostPreview({
-  title,
-  coverImage,
-  date,
-  excerpt,
-  author,
-  slug,
-  isCommunity = false,
-}: {
-  title: Post["title"];
-  coverImage: Post["featuredImage"];
-  date: Post["date"];
-  excerpt: Post["excerpt"];
-  author: Post["ppmaAuthorName"];
-  slug: Post["slug"];
-  isCommunity?: boolean;
-}) {
-  const basePath = isCommunity ? "/community" : "/technology";
-  excerpt = excerpt.replace("Table of Contents", "");
-  const [ref, springStyles] = useInView(
-    () => ({
-      from: {
-        opacity: 0,
-      },
-      to: {
-        opacity: 100,
-      },
-      config: {
-        duration: 500,
-        delay: 100,
-        easing: easings.easeInCubic,
-      },
-    }),
-    {
-      rootMargin: "-200px 0px",
-    }
-  );
-  return (
-    <animated.div
-      data-testid="post-preview"
-      className="bg-gray-100 border p-6 rounded-md   lg:hover:shadow-md transition group"
-      ref={ref}
-      style={springStyles}
-    >
-      <div className="mb-5">
-        {coverImage && (
-          <CoverImage
-            title={title}
-            coverImage={coverImage}
-            slug={slug}
-            isCommunity={isCommunity}
-          />
-        )}
-      </div>
-      <h3 className="text-2xl leading-snug leading-none heading1 font-bold">
-        <Link
-          href={`${basePath}/${slug}`}
-          className="bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-200 to-orange-100 bg-[length:0px_10px] bg-left-bottom bg-no-repeat transition-[background-size] duration-500 hover:bg-[length:100%_10px] group-hover:bg-[length:100%_10px]"
-          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: title }}
-        ></Link>
-      </h3>
-      <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
-        <Avatar author={author ? author : "Anonymous"} />
-        <div className="divider bg-orange-700 h-1 w-1 rounded-full"></div>
-        <div className="text-md mb-4 pt-4">
-          <Date dateString={date} />
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <div
-        className="text-sm leading-normal mb-4 body text-slate-600"
-        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: excerpt }}
-      />
-    </animated.div>
-  );
-}
diff --git a/lib/constants.ts b/lib/constants.ts
index 50ee358f7..775948272 100644
--- a/lib/constants.ts
+++ b/lib/constants.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
-import BlogThumbnil from '../public/images/thumbnil.png';
 export const EXAMPLE_PATH = 'cms-wordpress'
 export const CMS_NAME = 'WordPress'
 export const CMS_URL = 'https://wordpress.org'
-export const HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL = 
+export const HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL =
   'https://wp.keploy.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/thumbnil-.png'
+
+// Local placeholder avatar shown when an author has no usable image.
+export const AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER = '/blog/images/author.webp'
+
+// Resolve an author avatar to a real, loadable src. Some WordPress authors carry
+// junk in ppmaAuthorImage (e.g. the literal strings "imag1" / "image", "n/a", or
+// empty), and passing those to next/image renders /_next/image?url=imag1 → HTTP
+// 400 → a broken avatar on every post that author wrote. Only an absolute http(s)
+// URL or a root-relative "/..." path is a real image; anything else falls back to
+// the placeholder. A valid URL passes through unchanged.
+export function resolveAuthorAvatar(url?: string | null): string {
+  const u = (url ?? '').trim()
+  return /^https?:\/\//i.test(u) || u.startsWith('/') ? u : AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER
+}
diff --git a/lib/howToSchema.ts b/lib/howToSchema.ts
index 0fd17c6f2..3e76d001b 100644
--- a/lib/howToSchema.ts
+++ b/lib/howToSchema.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  */
 
 import { decodeEntities } from "../utils/seo";
+import { SCHEMA_CONTEXT, getImageObjectSchema } from "./structured-data";
 
 type RawTagEdge = {
   node?: {
@@ -204,13 +205,21 @@ export function getHowToSchema(
   if (steps.length < 2) return null;
 
   const schema: HowToJsonLd = {
-    "@context": "https://schema.org",
+    "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
     "@type": "HowTo",
     name: safeTitle,
     mainEntityOfPage: {
       "@type": "WebPage",
       "@id": pageUrl,
     },
+    // Keploy is the tool every Keploy tutorial walks the reader through — a
+    // real HowToTool, not fabricated supply/section metadata.
+    tool: [
+      {
+        "@type": "HowToTool",
+        name: "Keploy",
+      },
+    ],
     step: steps.map((s, i) => {
       const step: Record<string, unknown> = {
         "@type": "HowToStep",
@@ -228,14 +237,10 @@ export function getHowToSchema(
     // Google's HowTo rich-result docs use a full ImageObject (with url and,
     // when known, width/height) rather than a bare URL string. We only know
     // the source URL at this layer — WPGraphQL's `featuredImage` doesn't
-    // surface intrinsic dimensions here — so emit just `@type` + `url`. A
+    // surface intrinsic dimensions here — so emit just `@type` + `url` via the
+    // shared ImageObject builder (which also coerces the URL to absolute). A
     // future enrichment can add height/width by querying `mediaDetails`.
-    schema.image = [
-      {
-        "@type": "ImageObject",
-        url: post.featuredImage.node.sourceUrl,
-      },
-    ];
+    schema.image = [getImageObjectSchema({ url: post.featuredImage.node.sourceUrl })];
   }
   if (post.date) schema.datePublished = post.date;
 
diff --git a/lib/structured-data.ts b/lib/structured-data.ts
index 5d69f6648..ca2ad28b6 100644
--- a/lib/structured-data.ts
+++ b/lib/structured-data.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,41 @@
 import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
+import { decodeEntities } from "../utils/seo";
+
+// Single schema.org @context value. Every builder below references this rather
+// than repeating the literal, so the vocabulary URL lives in exactly one place.
+export const SCHEMA_CONTEXT = "https://schema.org";
 
 export const SITE_URL = "https://keploy.io/blog";
 export const MAIN_SITE_URL = "https://keploy.io";
 export const ORG_NAME = "Keploy";
 export const BLOG_NAME = "Keploy Blog";
 export const ORG_LOGO_URL = `${SITE_URL}/favicon/android-chrome-512x512.png`;
+// Stable @id for the Keploy Organization entity. Every place that emits an
+// Organization node (global node, per-post publisher, author worksFor) points
+// at this same @id so AI/search engines resolve ONE Keploy entity instead of
+// treating each inline copy as a separate organization (entity fragmentation).
+export const ORG_ID = `${MAIN_SITE_URL}/#organization`;
+// Same reasoning as ORG_ID, for the two other site-level entities. Both are
+// emitted repeatedly — Blog as the global node plus every post's and listing's
+// `isPartOf`, WebSite as the home node plus every search page's `isPartOf` —
+// so without a shared @id a crawler sees one anonymous copy per page instead
+// of one blog and one site.
+export const BLOG_ID = `${SITE_URL}/#blog`;
+export const WEBSITE_ID = `${SITE_URL}/#website`;
+// Stable @id for the Keploy product as a SoftwareApplication entity. Emitted
+// once as a global node (pages/_document.tsx) and referenced by @id from every
+// article's `mentions`, so AI/search engines resolve "Keploy" to one known
+// developer tool instead of loose brand text scattered across posts.
+export const SOFTWARE_ID = `${MAIN_SITE_URL}/#software`;
+// Default article image when a post's WordPress featuredImage is null (common on
+// older/migrated posts). Mirrors HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL in lib/constants.ts so the
+// schema image matches the og:image the page actually renders.
+export const DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL =
+  "https://wp.keploy.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/thumbnil-.png";
+// Author fallback when a post has no usable ppmaAuthorName. A named team
+// Person with its own profile URL is a valid author node; the previous
+// fallback ("Keploy") produced a URL-less Person, a weaker E-E-A-T signal.
+export const AUTHOR_FALLBACK_NAME = "Keploy Team";
 export const SOCIAL_LINKS = [
   "https://twitter.com/Keployio",
   "https://www.linkedin.com/company/keploy/",
@@ -76,11 +107,52 @@ type BlogPostingInput = {
    * Reviewer description / job title.
    */
   reviewerDescription?: string;
+  /**
+   * CSS selectors for the sections a voice assistant should read aloud
+   * (e.g. the intro + key-takeaways). Emits a SpeakableSpecification.
+   */
+  speakableSelectors?: string[];
+  /**
+   * Approximate body word count (utils/contentSchema.countWords). Emitted as
+   * schema.org `wordCount`.
+   */
+  wordCount?: number;
+  /**
+   * Estimated reading time in minutes. Emitted as ISO-8601 `timeRequired`
+   * (e.g. 7 -> "PT7M").
+   */
+  readingTimeMinutes?: number;
+  /**
+   * Topical keywords (post categories + detected code languages). De-duped and
+   * emitted as a comma-separated schema.org `keywords` string.
+   */
+  keywords?: string[];
 };
 
+// Shared @id-reference nodes. The Keploy Organization and Blog are each emitted
+// as a full node exactly once (getOrganizationSchema / getBlogSchema), then
+// referenced by @id from many other nodes (author.worksFor, isPartOf, …). These
+// helpers keep every reference byte-identical so a crawler merges them into one
+// entity instead of seeing subtly-different inline copies — build any new
+// worksFor/isPartOf/publisher reference from here, never hand-rolled.
+export const orgReference = () => ({
+  "@type": "Organization",
+  "@id": ORG_ID,
+  name: ORG_NAME,
+  url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
+});
+
+export const blogReference = () => ({
+  "@type": "Blog",
+  "@id": BLOG_ID,
+  name: BLOG_NAME,
+  url: SITE_URL,
+});
+
 export const getOrganizationSchema = () => ({
-  "@context": "https://schema.org",
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
   "@type": "Organization",
+  "@id": ORG_ID,
   name: ORG_NAME,
   url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
   logo: ORG_LOGO_URL,
@@ -114,10 +186,15 @@ export const getOrganizationSchema = () => ({
 });
 
 export const getWebSiteSchema = (searchTarget = `${SITE_URL}/search?q={search_term_string}`) => ({
-  "@context": "https://schema.org",
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
   "@type": "WebSite",
+  "@id": WEBSITE_ID,
   name: BLOG_NAME,
   url: SITE_URL,
+  inLanguage: "en-US",
+  // Link the site to the single Keploy Organization entity by @id, same node
+  // the Blog's publisher uses — keeps the site/blog/org graph resolving to one.
+  publisher: orgReference(),
   potentialAction: {
     "@type": "SearchAction",
     target: {
@@ -128,8 +205,80 @@ export const getWebSiteSchema = (searchTarget = `${SITE_URL}/search?q={search_te
   },
 });
 
+/**
+ * The Keploy product modeled as a SoftwareApplication. This is the single
+ * highest-leverage entity for AI citation on a product blog: answer engines
+ * resolve "what is Keploy / best API-testing tool" against a typed software
+ * entity, not against prose. Emitted once globally (pages/_document.tsx) with a
+ * stable @id that every article's `mentions` points back at.
+ *
+ * No aggregateRating on purpose — same policy as getReviewSchema: there are no
+ * first-party rating values, and a fabricated/self-serving rating is the exact
+ * invalid structured data this work is clearing. Authority rides on `sameAs`.
+ */
+export const getSoftwareApplicationSchema = () => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
+  "@id": SOFTWARE_ID,
+  name: ORG_NAME,
+  applicationCategory: "DeveloperApplication",
+  applicationSubCategory: "API Testing",
+  operatingSystem: "Linux, macOS, Windows",
+  url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
+  downloadUrl: "https://github.com/keploy/keploy/releases",
+  softwareHelp: { "@type": "CreativeWork", url: `${MAIN_SITE_URL}/docs` },
+  description:
+    "Keploy is a developer-centric API testing platform with an open-source core that auto-generates test cases and data mocks from real API traffic.",
+  // No isAccessibleForFree/offers: this node is named "Keploy" (the whole
+  // product), which ships paid Cloud/Enterprise tiers, so a blanket price: 0 /
+  // free claim would be inaccurate. The open-source core is conveyed by the
+  // GitHub downloadUrl and the description instead of a fabricated price.
+  author: orgReference(),
+  publisher: { "@type": "Organization", "@id": ORG_ID },
+  sameAs: [
+    "https://github.com/keploy/keploy",
+    "https://www.g2.com/products/keploy/reviews",
+    "https://www.gartner.com/reviews/product/keploy-618993540",
+    "https://www.capterra.in/software/1070466/Keploy",
+    "https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Keploy.keployio",
+  ],
+});
+
+// schema.org image URLs must be absolute; some fixtures/runtime data carry
+// root-relative ("/blog/...") or protocol-relative ("//...") URLs. Coerce those
+// to absolute so crawlers don't get a non-canonical image URL.
+const toAbsoluteImageUrl = (url: string): string => {
+  if (!url) return url;
+  if (url.startsWith("//")) return `https:${url}`;
+  if (url.startsWith("/")) return `${MAIN_SITE_URL}${url}`;
+  return url;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reusable ImageObject node. Google/AI engines prefer a typed ImageObject over
+ * a bare URL string (it can carry caption + dimensions), and it's the shape the
+ * Article `image` field and listing/cover images should share.
+ */
+export const getImageObjectSchema = ({
+  url,
+  caption,
+  width,
+  height,
+}: {
+  url: string;
+  caption?: string;
+  width?: number;
+  height?: number;
+}) => ({
+  "@type": "ImageObject",
+  url: toAbsoluteImageUrl(url),
+  ...(caption ? { caption } : {}),
+  ...(typeof width === "number" ? { width } : {}),
+  ...(typeof height === "number" ? { height } : {}),
+});
+
 export const getBreadcrumbListSchema = (items: BreadcrumbItem[]) => ({
-  "@context": "https://schema.org",
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
   "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
   itemListElement: items.map((item, index) => ({
     "@type": "ListItem",
@@ -139,6 +288,91 @@ export const getBreadcrumbListSchema = (items: BreadcrumbItem[]) => ({
   })),
 });
 
+// Coerce a possibly-null/malformed WordPress date into a valid ISO 8601 string,
+// or null if unparseable. Stops empty / "Invalid Date" values from reaching the
+// schema, which is a structured-data validation error.
+const toISODate = (value?: string): string | null => {
+  if (!value) return null;
+  const d = new Date(value);
+  return isNaN(d.getTime()) ? null : d.toISOString();
+};
+
+type ListEntry = { url: string; name: string; image?: string };
+
+const toListItems = (items: ListEntry[]) =>
+  items
+    // Drop entries without a usable name/url — a ListItem with an empty name is
+    // invalid schema (e.g. a WP post with a null title). Filtering before the
+    // map keeps `position` sequential (1, 2, 3, …).
+    .filter((it) => it.url && it.url.trim() && it.name && it.name.trim())
+    .map((it, index) => ({
+      "@type": "ListItem",
+      position: index + 1,
+      url: it.url,
+      name: it.name,
+      ...(it.image
+        ? { image: getImageObjectSchema({ url: it.image, caption: it.name }) }
+        : {}),
+    }));
+
+/**
+ * ItemList for a grid/collection of posts. Emitted standalone (has @context) so
+ * AI/search engines can map the ordered set of links on listing pages, which
+ * currently ship zero collection schema.
+ */
+export const getItemListSchema = (items: ListEntry[], listName?: string) => {
+  const itemListElement = toListItems(items);
+  // Return null (not an empty ItemList) when nothing survives the name/url
+  // filter — an ItemList with an empty itemListElement is invalid schema, and
+  // this standalone builder needs the same guard as getCollectionPageSchema.
+  if (!itemListElement.length) return null;
+  return {
+    "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+    "@type": "ItemList",
+    ...(listName ? { name: listName } : {}),
+    numberOfItems: itemListElement.length,
+    itemListElement,
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * CollectionPage for an archive/listing route (community, technology, tag,
+ * authors). Wraps the post/author grid as an ItemList mainEntity so the whole
+ * archive is a modeled collection rather than an unlabeled wall of cards.
+ */
+export const getCollectionPageSchema = ({
+  name,
+  url,
+  description,
+  items,
+}: {
+  name: string;
+  url: string;
+  description?: string;
+  items: ListEntry[];
+}) => {
+  const listItems = toListItems(items);
+  return {
+    "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+    "@type": "CollectionPage",
+    name,
+    url,
+    ...(description ? { description } : {}),
+    isPartOf: blogReference(),
+    // Omit the ItemList entirely when the collection is empty (e.g. an orphan
+    // tag with no posts) — an ItemList with an empty itemListElement is invalid.
+    ...(listItems.length
+      ? {
+          mainEntity: {
+            "@type": "ItemList",
+            numberOfItems: listItems.length,
+            itemListElement: listItems,
+          },
+        }
+      : {}),
+  };
+};
+
 export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
   title,
   url,
@@ -155,10 +389,16 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
   reviewerName,
   reviewerImage,
   reviewerDescription,
+  speakableSelectors,
+  wordCount,
+  readingTimeMinutes,
+  keywords,
 }: BlogPostingInput) => {
-  const resolvedAuthorName = Array.isArray(authorName)
-    ? (authorName[0] || ORG_NAME)
-    : (authorName || ORG_NAME);
+  const providedAuthorName = Array.isArray(authorName) ? authorName[0] : authorName;
+  const resolvedAuthorName = providedAuthorName || AUTHOR_FALLBACK_NAME;
+  // True when the name came from AUTHOR_FALLBACK_NAME rather than WordPress. The
+  // fallback has no /authors/{slug} page, so its Person node must stay url-less.
+  const isFallbackAuthor = !providedAuthorName;
   const authorSlug = sanitizeAuthorSlug(resolvedAuthorName);
 
   // GEO-13: blog/technology posts render as TechArticle
@@ -169,27 +409,51 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
   const authorNode: Record<string, unknown> = {
     "@type": "Person",
     name: resolvedAuthorName,
-    ...(resolvedAuthorName !== ORG_NAME && authorSlug
-      ? { url: `${SITE_URL}/authors/${authorSlug}` }
-      : {}),
   };
-  if (authorImage && !authorImage.includes("/images/author.png")) {
+  // @id/url point at the enriched Person on /authors/{slug} (ProfilePage.mainEntity)
+  // so engines merge the two into one entity instead of treating each post's author
+  // as a separate stub. Skipped for the "Keploy Team" fallback: it has no author
+  // page, and authors/[slug] renders an empty div for unknown slugs, so linking it
+  // would point the article's author at a soft-404.
+  if (!isFallbackAuthor && resolvedAuthorName !== ORG_NAME && authorSlug) {
+    authorNode["@id"] = `${SITE_URL}/authors/${authorSlug}#person`;
+    authorNode.url = `${SITE_URL}/authors/${authorSlug}`;
+  }
+  // worksFor is repeated on the article's author (rather than left to the merge
+  // with the author page) because a crawler that only fetches this post never sees
+  // that page, and the Keploy affiliation is the E-E-A-T signal we most need here.
+  // It stays valid on the url-less fallback too.
+  if (resolvedAuthorName !== ORG_NAME) {
+    authorNode.worksFor = orgReference();
+  }
+  if (authorImage && !authorImage.includes("/images/author.webp")) {
     authorNode.image = authorImage;
   }
 
+  // Resolve dates from the post's own values only — never invent one. An
+  // earlier version fell back to `new Date()`, but this builder runs in the
+  // page render body (client + server), so a build-time clock produced a
+  // hydration mismatch on the ld+json script AND a publish date that shifted
+  // on every ISR revalidate. When WP gives us nothing usable we omit the
+  // field: a missing datePublished is a soft "recommended" warning, whereas a
+  // fabricated one is exactly the invalid/misleading data this work refuses.
+  const resolvedPublished = toISODate(datePublished) || toISODate(dateModified);
+  const resolvedModified = toISODate(dateModified) || resolvedPublished;
+
   const schema: Record<string, unknown> = {
-    "@context": "https://schema.org",
+    "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
     "@type": schemaType,
     headline: title,
     mainEntityOfPage: {
       "@type": "WebPage",
       "@id": url,
     },
-    datePublished,
-    dateModified: dateModified || datePublished,
+    ...(resolvedPublished ? { datePublished: resolvedPublished } : {}),
+    ...(resolvedModified ? { dateModified: resolvedModified } : {}),
     author: authorNode,
     publisher: {
       "@type": "Organization",
+      "@id": ORG_ID,
       name: ORG_NAME,
       logo: {
         "@type": "ImageObject",
@@ -198,11 +462,11 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
         height: 512,
       },
     },
-    isPartOf: {
-      "@type": "Blog",
-      name: BLOG_NAME,
-      url: SITE_URL,
-    },
+    isPartOf: blogReference(),
+    // The blog article itself is free to read (no paywall/registration) — a
+    // recognized signal, and accurate here in a way it is NOT for the paid-tier
+    // product (SoftwareApplication deliberately omits this; see that builder).
+    isAccessibleForFree: true,
   };
 
   // E-E-A-T: reviewedBy Person. Only emit when we actually have a
@@ -217,9 +481,10 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
     const reviewerNode: Record<string, unknown> = {
       "@type": "Person",
       name: reviewerName,
+      "@id": `${SITE_URL}/authors/${sanitizeAuthorSlug(reviewerName)}#person`,
       url: `${SITE_URL}/authors/${sanitizeAuthorSlug(reviewerName)}`,
     };
-    if (reviewerImage && !reviewerImage.includes("/images/author.png")) {
+    if (reviewerImage && !reviewerImage.includes("/images/author.webp")) {
       reviewerNode.image = reviewerImage;
     }
     if (reviewerDescription) {
@@ -232,14 +497,32 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
     schema.articleSection = articleSection;
   }
 
+  // Sanitize the WP excerpt before it enters the schema: strip HTML tags and
+  // decode entities (script-safe) so unescaped markup/entities can't produce a
+  // structured-data parse warning. Only emit when something survives.
   if (description) {
-    schema.description = description;
+    const cleanDescription = decodeEntities(description);
+    if (cleanDescription) {
+      schema.description = cleanDescription;
+    }
   }
 
-  if (imageUrl) {
-    schema.image = [imageUrl];
+  if (speakableSelectors && speakableSelectors.length > 0) {
+    schema.speakable = {
+      "@type": "SpeakableSpecification",
+      cssSelector: speakableSelectors,
+    };
   }
 
+  // Always emit an image so the Article schema never trips the "missing field
+  // image" validation error — WordPress returns a null featuredImage on many
+  // older/migrated posts. Fall back to the site's default OG cover, and emit a
+  // typed ImageObject (not a bare URL) so rich results can use its caption.
+  schema.image = getImageObjectSchema({
+    url: imageUrl || DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL,
+    caption: title,
+  });
+
   // TechArticle-specific fields — only emit when set AND when we're
   // actually rendering a TechArticle.
   if (schemaType === "TechArticle") {
@@ -251,18 +534,261 @@ export const getBlogPostingSchema = ({
     }
   }
 
+  // Content signals AI/search engines weight for developer-intent ranking.
+  // Reading time is already computed for the UI (calculateReadingTime); this
+  // just serializes it (+ word count + topical keywords) into the schema.
+  schema.inLanguage = "en-US";
+  if (typeof wordCount === "number" && wordCount > 0) {
+    schema.wordCount = wordCount;
+  }
+  if (typeof readingTimeMinutes === "number" && readingTimeMinutes > 0) {
+    schema.timeRequired = `PT${readingTimeMinutes}M`;
+  }
+  if (keywords && keywords.length > 0) {
+    schema.keywords = Array.from(new Set(keywords.filter(Boolean))).join(", ");
+  }
+
+  // Link every post to the single Keploy SoftwareApplication entity by @id (the
+  // full node is emitted globally in _document.tsx). `mentions`, not `about`:
+  // the product is discussed in every post but isn't necessarily each post's
+  // primary topic. This is the connective tissue that lets an AI engine attach
+  // "Keploy does X" claims from any article to the one known tool entity.
+  schema.mentions = [
+    { "@type": "SoftwareApplication", "@id": SOFTWARE_ID, name: ORG_NAME },
+  ];
+
   return schema;
 };
 
+/**
+ * FAQPage from extracted question/answer pairs in a post body. AI answer
+ * engines cite FAQ Q&A directly, so surfacing them as structured data is high
+ * leverage. Only call this when real Q&A pairs were detected.
+ */
+// `url` is the post URL. FAQPage gets its own `@id` (`…#faq`) and an `isPartOf`
+// back to the article's WebPage (same `@id` the BlogPosting's mainEntityOfPage
+// uses), so the FAQ reads as part of the post rather than a competing page-type
+// node on the same URL (PR review #2).
+export const getFAQPageSchema = (
+  faqs: { question: string; answer: string }[],
+  url?: string,
+) => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "FAQPage",
+  ...(url
+    ? { "@id": `${url}#faq`, url, isPartOf: { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": url } }
+    : {}),
+  mainEntity: faqs.map((f) => ({
+    "@type": "Question",
+    name: f.question,
+    acceptedAnswer: {
+      "@type": "Answer",
+      text: f.answer,
+    },
+  })),
+});
+
+/**
+ * DefinedTermSet for a post's keyword-tooltip glossary. Each tooltip term is a
+ * DefinedTerm so AI engines can extract Keploy's canonical definitions.
+ */
+export const getDefinedTermSetSchema = ({
+  name,
+  url,
+  terms,
+}: {
+  name: string;
+  url: string;
+  terms: { term: string; description?: string }[];
+}) => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "DefinedTermSet",
+  name,
+  url,
+  hasDefinedTerm: terms.map((t) => ({
+    "@type": "DefinedTerm",
+    name: t.term,
+    ...(t.description ? { description: t.description } : {}),
+    inDefinedTermSet: url,
+  })),
+});
+
+/**
+ * One SoftwareSourceCode node per programming language present in a post's code
+ * blocks. Signals to AI engines that the article contains runnable code in
+ * those languages (developer-intent queries weight this).
+ */
+export const getSoftwareSourceCodeSchema = ({
+  language,
+  url,
+  name,
+  codeRepository,
+}: {
+  language: string;
+  url: string;
+  name?: string;
+  codeRepository?: string;
+}) => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "SoftwareSourceCode",
+  programmingLanguage: language,
+  ...(name ? { name } : {}),
+  // Only claim a source repo when the caller actually knows the snippet lives in
+  // one. A post can contain incidental python/js unrelated to keploy/keploy, so
+  // hardcoding that repo for every detected language would be a misleading claim.
+  ...(codeRepository ? { codeRepository } : {}),
+  isPartOf: {
+    "@type": "WebPage",
+    "@id": url,
+  },
+});
+
+/**
+ * SearchResultsPage for the /search and /community/search routes, which render
+ * a filtered result grid but currently emit no page-type schema.
+ */
+export const getSearchResultsPageSchema = ({
+  url,
+  query,
+}: {
+  url: string;
+  query?: string;
+}) => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "SearchResultsPage",
+  url,
+  name: query ? `Search results for "${query}"` : "Search the Keploy blog",
+  isPartOf: {
+    "@type": "WebSite",
+    "@id": WEBSITE_ID,
+    name: BLOG_NAME,
+    url: SITE_URL,
+  },
+});
+
+/**
+ * Community testimonials (the "What our community thinks" wall on /blog) as
+ * Review nodes attached to the Keploy Organization by @id.
+ *
+ * Two deliberate choices, both to keep the payload valid (this repo's P0 is
+ * "0 invalid structured data"):
+ *  - We emit ONE partial Organization node carrying a `review` array rather
+ *    than a dozen free-floating Review nodes. It shares ORG_ID with the global
+ *    Organization, so consumers merge them into the single Keploy entity
+ *    instead of fragmenting it.
+ *  - No `reviewRating` / `AggregateRating`. These testimonials are tweets with
+ *    no star values; schema.org requires `ratingValue` on a Rating, so a
+ *    rating-less Review is the only valid representation. Fabricating stars —
+ *    or an AggregateRating with only a reviewCount — would be invalid and
+ *    self-serving, the exact failure this branch is clearing.
+ */
+export const getReviewSchema = (
+  reviews: { author: string; body: string; url?: string }[],
+) => {
+  const reviewNodes = reviews
+    .filter((r) => r?.author && r?.body)
+    .map((r) => {
+      const node: Record<string, unknown> = {
+        "@type": "Review",
+        author: { "@type": "Person", name: r.author },
+        reviewBody: r.body,
+      };
+      if (r.url) node.url = r.url;
+      return node;
+    });
+  if (!reviewNodes.length) return null;
+  return {
+    "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+    "@type": "Organization",
+    "@id": ORG_ID,
+    name: ORG_NAME,
+    url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
+    review: reviewNodes,
+  };
+};
+
+// Topics an author is credited as knowledgeable about (Person.knowsAbout).
+// Default for the author-profile pages; override per-author if that data ever
+// becomes available.
+export const AUTHOR_KNOWS_ABOUT = [
+  "API Testing",
+  "Test Automation",
+  "Software Engineering",
+  "Developer Tools",
+];
+
+type PersonInput = {
+  name: string;
+  /** The author's profile URL (…/authors/{slug}); also seeds the `#person` @id. */
+  url: string;
+  image?: string;
+  /** External identity links (e.g. the author's LinkedIn) for sameAs. */
+  sameAs?: string[];
+  jobTitle?: string;
+  knowsAbout?: string[];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enriched Person node for a blog author. Meant to nest as ProfilePage.mainEntity
+ * (so it carries no @context) and shares the `{url}#person` @id that every post's
+ * `author` points at — engines merge the per-post author stub and this full
+ * profile into one entity. worksFor references the single Keploy Organization by
+ * @id (orgReference), same as the article author's affiliation.
+ */
+export const getPersonSchema = ({
+  name,
+  url,
+  image,
+  sameAs,
+  jobTitle = "Author",
+  knowsAbout = AUTHOR_KNOWS_ABOUT,
+}: PersonInput) => {
+  const node: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    "@type": "Person",
+    "@id": `${url}#person`,
+    name,
+    url,
+    jobTitle,
+    hasOccupation: {
+      "@type": "Occupation",
+      name: "Technical Author",
+      // No occupationLocation: schema.org expects a geographic Place there, not
+      // an employer. The Keploy affiliation is already modeled via worksFor.
+    },
+    worksFor: orgReference(),
+  };
+  if (knowsAbout && knowsAbout.length) node.knowsAbout = knowsAbout;
+  if (image) node.image = image;
+  if (sameAs && sameAs.length) node.sameAs = sameAs;
+  return node;
+};
+
+/**
+ * ProfilePage wrapper for an author route (the route IS a profile). Wraps the
+ * enriched Person as mainEntity so AI engines read the page as an author
+ * identity rather than an untyped list of posts.
+ */
+export const getProfilePageSchema = (
+  person: Record<string, unknown>,
+  url: string,
+) => ({
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
+  "@type": "ProfilePage",
+  mainEntity: person,
+  mainEntityOfPage: url,
+});
+
 export const getBlogSchema = () => ({
-  "@context": "https://schema.org",
+  "@context": SCHEMA_CONTEXT,
   "@type": "Blog",
+  "@id": BLOG_ID,
   name: BLOG_NAME,
   url: SITE_URL,
   description:
     "Technical blog covering AI-powered API test generation, eBPF-based testing, production behavior replay, dependency virtualization, and developer productivity by Keploy.",
   publisher: {
     "@type": "Organization",
+    "@id": ORG_ID,
     name: ORG_NAME,
     url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
     logo: {
diff --git a/pages/404.tsx b/pages/404.tsx
index 8e645257e..df21648f8 100644
--- a/pages/404.tsx
+++ b/pages/404.tsx
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import Head from "next/head";
 import NotFoundPage from "../components/NotFoundPage";
 import { getAllPostsForTechnology, getAllPostsForCommunity } from "../lib/api";
 import { GetStaticProps } from "next";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../lib/structured-data";
-import { safeJsonLdStringify } from "../utils/seo";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR } from "../lib/isr";
 
 interface Custom404Props {
@@ -21,10 +19,6 @@ export default function Custom404({
 }: Custom404Props) {
   const router = useRouter();
   const asPath = router.asPath;
-  const structuredData = getBreadcrumbListSchema([
-    { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
-    { name: "Not Found", url: `${SITE_URL}${asPath || "/404"}` },
-  ]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const redirectTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
@@ -48,12 +42,6 @@ export default function Custom404({
           name="description"
           content="Oops! The page you're looking for doesn't exist. Explore our latest blog posts and featured articles."
         />
-        <script
-          type="application/ld+json"
-          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
-            __html: safeJsonLdStringify(structuredData),
-          }}
-        />
       </Head>
       <NotFoundPage
         latestPosts={latestPosts}
diff --git a/pages/_document.tsx b/pages/_document.tsx
index 2a5d7453f..350404ada 100644
--- a/pages/_document.tsx
+++ b/pages/_document.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import { Html, Head, Main, NextScript } from "next/document";
-import { getOrganizationSchema, getBlogSchema } from "../lib/structured-data";
+import {
+  getOrganizationSchema,
+  getBlogSchema,
+  getSoftwareApplicationSchema,
+} from "../lib/structured-data";
 import { safeJsonLdStringify } from "../utils/seo";
 
 export default function Document() {
@@ -61,6 +65,14 @@ export default function Document() {
             __html: safeJsonLdStringify(getBlogSchema()),
           }}
         />
+        {/* SoftwareApplication (Keploy) — global node with a stable @id that
+            every article's `mentions` links back to (AI-citation entity anchor) */}
+        <script
+          type="application/ld+json"
+          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
+            __html: safeJsonLdStringify(getSoftwareApplicationSchema()),
+          }}
+        />
       </Head>
       <body>
         <Main />
diff --git a/pages/authors/[slug].tsx b/pages/authors/[slug].tsx
index c9de55c21..be282cb88 100644
--- a/pages/authors/[slug].tsx
+++ b/pages/authors/[slug].tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,28 @@ import { GetStaticPaths, GetStaticProps } from "next";
 import PostByAuthorMapping from "../../components/postByAuthorMapping";
 import { HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL } from "../../lib/constants";
 import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, MAIN_SITE_URL, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import {
+  getBreadcrumbListSchema,
+  getItemListSchema,
+  getPersonSchema,
+  getProfilePageSchema,
+  SITE_URL,
+} from "../../lib/structured-data";
+
+// Server-safe author-box extraction. extractAuthorData (utils) relies on
+// `document`, so it can't run in getStaticProps/SSR — these regexes pull the
+// same fields from the raw PublishPress author-box HTML for the JSON-LD.
+function extractAuthorMeta(html: string): { avatarUrl?: string; linkedIn?: string } {
+  if (!html) return {};
+  const avatar = html.match(
+    /pp-author-boxes-avatar[\s\S]{0,200}?<img[^>]+src=["']([^"']+)["']/i,
+  );
+  const linkedIn = html.match(/href=["'](https?:\/\/[^"']*linkedin\.com[^"']*)["']/i);
+  return {
+    avatarUrl: avatar?.[1],
+    linkedIn: linkedIn?.[1],
+  };
+}
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR, REVALIDATE_NOT_FOUND } from "../../lib/isr";
 
 export default function AuthorPage({ preview, filteredPosts, content }) {
@@ -29,29 +50,29 @@ export default function AuthorPage({ preview, filteredPosts, content }) {
   const pageTitle = `${authorName} — Keploy Blog Author`;
   const pageDescription = `Read all articles by ${authorName} on the Keploy blog — covering software testing, API development, automation, and engineering best practices.`;
 
-  // Person JSON-LD for E-E-A-T author credibility (LIVE-11).
-  // AI models use Person.url + sameAs to resolve author identity and
-  // weight the authority of the pages they cite. worksFor.url points at
-  // MAIN_SITE_URL (https://keploy.io) — not the blog subpath — so the
-  // Organization entity is consistent across every JSON-LD payload.
-  const personSchema = {
-    "@context": "https://schema.org",
-    "@type": "Person",
+  // Person JSON-LD for E-E-A-T author credibility (LIVE-11). AI models use
+  // Person.url + sameAs to resolve author identity and weight the authority of
+  // the pages they cite. The node shape (incl. the worksFor Organization
+  // reference) is built by getPersonSchema in lib/structured-data.ts so it stays
+  // consistent with every other JSON-LD payload.
+  const authorMeta = extractAuthorMeta(content || "");
+  const authoredItems = filteredPosts.map(({ node }) => ({
+    url: `${SITE_URL}/${node?.categories?.edges?.[0]?.node?.name === "community" ? "community" : "technology"}/${node.slug}`,
+    name: node.title,
+  }));
+
+  // Person + ProfilePage schema is built centrally in lib/structured-data.ts so
+  // the author's `#person` @id, worksFor affiliation, and node shape stay in sync
+  // with the per-post author node that references it. The author's posts are
+  // modeled as an ItemList so AI engines see the body of work.
+  const personNode = getPersonSchema({
     name: authorName,
     url: authorUrl,
-    jobTitle: "Contributor",
-    worksFor: {
-      "@type": "Organization",
-      name: "Keploy",
-      url: MAIN_SITE_URL,
-    },
-    knowsAbout: [
-      "API Testing",
-      "Test Automation",
-      "Software Engineering",
-      "Developer Tools",
-    ],
-  };
+    image: authorMeta.avatarUrl,
+    sameAs: authorMeta.linkedIn ? [authorMeta.linkedIn] : undefined,
+  });
+  const profilePageSchema = getProfilePageSchema(personNode, authorUrl);
+  const authoredWorksSchema = getItemListSchema(authoredItems, `Posts by ${authorName}`);
 
   return (
     <div className="bg-accent-1">
@@ -76,7 +97,8 @@ export default function AuthorPage({ preview, filteredPosts, content }) {
             { name: "Authors", url: `${SITE_URL}/authors` },
             { name: authorName, url: authorUrl },
           ]),
-          personSchema,
+          profilePageSchema,
+          ...(authoredWorksSchema ? [authoredWorksSchema] : []),
         ]}
         canonicalUrl={authorUrl}
       >
diff --git a/pages/authors/index.tsx b/pages/authors/index.tsx
index f5ee65e64..95746bb52 100644
--- a/pages/authors/index.tsx
+++ b/pages/authors/index.tsx
@@ -6,8 +6,17 @@ import Container from "../../components/container";
 import AuthorMapping from "../../components/AuthorMapping";
 import { HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL } from "../../lib/constants";
 import { Post } from "../../types/post";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, getCollectionPageSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { sanitizeAuthorSlug } from "../../utils/sanitizeAuthorSlug";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT } from "../../lib/isr";
+import Head from "next/head";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
+
+// "Authors Page" is a SEMrush "title too short", and it only ever reached
+// og:title: this route had no <Head><title> at all, and components/meta.tsx
+// does not emit one, so /authors shipped an empty <title> — the same LIVE-11
+// bug already fixed on /authors/{slug}.
+const PAGE_TITLE = "Blog Authors & Contributors";
 
 export default function Authors({
   AllAuthors: { edges },
@@ -24,16 +33,31 @@ export default function Authors({
 
   return (
     <div className="bg-accent-1">
+      <Head>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(PAGE_TITLE)}</title>
+      </Head>
       <Layout
         preview={preview}
         featuredImage={HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL}
-        Title={`Authors Page`}
+        Title={PAGE_TITLE}
         Description={`Meet the authors behind the Keploy blog — engineers, developers, and QA experts sharing insights on testing, automation, and software quality.`}
         structuredData={[
           getBreadcrumbListSchema([
             { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
             { name: "Authors", url: `${SITE_URL}/authors` },
           ]),
+          getCollectionPageSchema({
+            name: "Keploy Blog Authors",
+            url: `${SITE_URL}/authors`,
+            description:
+              "Engineers, developers, and QA experts writing on the Keploy blog about testing, automation, and software quality.",
+            items: authorArray
+              .filter((node) => node.ppmaAuthorName)
+              .map((node) => ({
+                url: `${SITE_URL}/authors/${sanitizeAuthorSlug(node.ppmaAuthorName)}`,
+                name: node.ppmaAuthorName,
+              })),
+          }),
         ]}
         canonicalUrl={`${SITE_URL}/authors`}
       >
@@ -42,6 +66,15 @@ export default function Authors({
           <h1 className="bg-gradient-to-r ml-10 from-orange-200 to-orange-100 bg-[length:100%_20px] bg-no-repeat bg-left-bottom w-max mb-8 text-4xl heading1 md:text-4xl font-bold tracking-tighter leading-tight">
             AUTHORS
           </h1>
+          {/* Visible intro prose so this archive isn't a bare grid — lifts the
+              thin-content / low-text-to-HTML flag and gives AI engines context
+              on who writes here. */}
+          <p className="text-gray-600 max-w-3xl mb-10 ml-10">
+            Meet the engineers, testers, and open-source contributors behind the
+            Keploy blog. Each author shares hands-on experience across API
+            testing, test automation, eBPF, and developer tooling — browse their
+            profiles to explore everything they&apos;ve written.
+          </p>
           <AuthorMapping AuthorArray={authorArray} />
         </Container>
       </Layout>
diff --git a/pages/community/[slug].tsx b/pages/community/[slug].tsx
index f93cd6459..48cf9c932 100644
--- a/pages/community/[slug].tsx
+++ b/pages/community/[slug].tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   getReviewAuthors,
 } from "../../lib/api";
 import ContainerSlug from "../../components/containerSlug";
-import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
 import { useScroll, useSpringValue } from "@react-spring/web";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR, REVALIDATE_NOT_FOUND } from "../../lib/isr";
 import { calculateReadingTime } from "../../utils/calculateReadingTime";
@@ -27,10 +27,16 @@ import "./styles.module.css"
 import {
   getBlogPostingSchema,
   getBreadcrumbListSchema,
+  getFAQPageSchema,
+  getSoftwareSourceCodeSchema,
+  getDefinedTermSetSchema,
   SITE_URL,
 } from "../../lib/structured-data";
-import { sanitizeTitle, getSafeDescription } from "../../utils/seo";
+import { sanitizeTitle, getSafeDescription, buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
 import { getHowToSchema } from "../../lib/howToSchema";
+import { detectCodeLanguages, countWords, extractFaqs } from "../../utils/contentSchema";
+import { getTooltipsForSlug } from "../../config/keyword-tooltips";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar } from "../../lib/constants";
 
 const PostBody = dynamic(() => import("../../components/post-body"));
 
@@ -81,13 +87,16 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
   // PublishPress Multiple Authors plugin. Fall back to a safe placeholder
   // only if that field is genuinely missing. Previously this was extracted
   // from post.content via regex inside a useEffect which meant the SSR
-  // HTML used the /blog/images/author.png placeholder even when the real
+  // HTML used the /blog/images/author.webp placeholder even when the real
   // image was available in the data.
-  const ppmaImage =
-    typeof post?.ppmaAuthorImage === "string" && post.ppmaAuthorImage.length > 0
-      ? post.ppmaAuthorImage
-      : "";
-  const writerAvatarUrl = ppmaImage || "/blog/images/author.png";
+  // resolveAuthorAvatar rejects junk ppmaAuthorImage values ("imag1", "image",
+  // "n/a", empty) that would otherwise 400 the next/image optimizer and render a
+  // broken byline avatar; a real URL passes through unchanged.
+  const writerAvatarUrl = resolveAuthorAvatar(post?.ppmaAuthorImage);
+  // For JSON-LD only: a genuine author photo (absolute URL) or nothing — never
+  // the placeholder or a junk value, either of which would be invalid in schema.
+  const rawPpmaImage = (post?.ppmaAuthorImage ?? "").trim();
+  const ppmaSchemaImage = /^https?:\/\//i.test(rawPpmaImage) ? rawPpmaImage : undefined;
 
   // Writer description — pulled from the first paragraph with the
   // pp-author-boxes-description class in the post content. Kept here as
@@ -119,7 +128,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
       // genuinely have no reviewer data. When the data is present the
       // real name renders server-side and reaches AI crawlers.
       name: reviewAuthorName || "Reviewer",
-      ImageUrl: reviewAuthorImageUrl || "/blog/images/author.png",
+      ImageUrl: reviewAuthorImageUrl || "/blog/images/author.webp",
       description: reviewAuthorDescription || "A Reviewer for keploy's blog",
     },
   ];
@@ -158,6 +167,18 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
   const safeDescription = getSafeDescription(router.isFallback, post?.seo?.metaDesc, safeTitle);
 
   const postUrl = post?.slug ? `${SITE_URL}/community/${post.slug}` : `${SITE_URL}/community`;
+  // These scan the full post HTML; memoize so the passes run once on hydration
+  // and never again on the frequent re-renders this page triggers (scroll
+  // progress, router state) — see PR review #5.
+  const { codeLanguages, wordCount, faqs } = useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      codeLanguages: detectCodeLanguages(post?.content),
+      wordCount: countWords(post?.content),
+      faqs: extractFaqs(post?.content),
+    }),
+    [post?.content],
+  );
+  const tooltipTerms = post?.slug ? getTooltipsForSlug(post.slug) : [];
   const structuredData = [];
   if (post?.slug) {
     structuredData.push(
@@ -174,13 +195,24 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
         description: safeDescription,
         imageUrl: post?.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
         authorName: post?.ppmaAuthorName,
-        // LIVE-22: use PublishPress author image, not the /blog/images/author.png
+        // LIVE-22: use PublishPress author image, not the /blog/images/author.webp
         // placeholder. The schema generator also filters the placeholder.
-        authorImage: ppmaImage || undefined,
+        authorImage: ppmaSchemaImage,
         articleSection: post?.categories?.edges?.[0]?.node?.name || "Community",
         // LIVE-22: emit reviewedBy Person schema when reviewer data is
         // present. The schema generator skips the emit when the reviewer
         // is "Reviewer" (placeholder) or equals the author (self-review).
+        // Populate dependencies from the post's actual code languages.
+        dependencies: codeLanguages.length ? codeLanguages : undefined,
+        // Voice-assistant spoken summary: title + section headings.
+        speakableSelectors: ["h1", "h2"],
+        // Developer-intent content signals (serialized from existing UI data).
+        wordCount,
+        readingTimeMinutes: time,
+        keywords: [
+          ...(post?.categories?.edges?.map((e) => e?.node?.name).filter(Boolean) || []),
+          ...codeLanguages,
+        ],
         reviewerName: reviewAuthorName || undefined,
         reviewerImage: reviewAuthorImageUrl || undefined,
         reviewerDescription: reviewAuthorDescription || undefined,
@@ -190,6 +222,27 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
     if (howTo) {
       structuredData.push(howTo);
     }
+    // FAQPage only when the post has an explicit "FAQ" / "Frequently Asked
+    // Questions" section with ≥2 clean Q&A pairs (see utils/contentSchema
+    // extractFaqs). Marker-gated so we never scrape stray "?" headings or
+    // flatten code/tables into answers. Linked to the post WebPage via @id.
+    if (faqs.length) {
+      structuredData.push(getFAQPageSchema(faqs, postUrl));
+    }
+    for (const language of codeLanguages) {
+      structuredData.push(
+        getSoftwareSourceCodeSchema({ language, url: postUrl, name: `${safeTitle} — ${language} example` }),
+      );
+    }
+    if (tooltipTerms.length) {
+      structuredData.push(
+        getDefinedTermSetSchema({
+          name: `${safeTitle} — glossary`,
+          url: postUrl,
+          terms: tooltipTerms.map((t) => ({ term: t.keyword, description: t.heading })),
+        }),
+      );
+    }
   } else {
     structuredData.push(
       getBreadcrumbListSchema([
@@ -219,7 +272,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
           <>
             <article>
               <Head>
-                <title>{`${post?.title || "Loading..."} | Keploy Blog`}</title>
+                <title>{buildPageTitle(post?.title)}</title>
                 {/* DM Sans + Baloo 2 are preloaded globally in _document.tsx */}
               </Head>
               <PostHeader
@@ -249,7 +302,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
                 post?.ppmaAuthorName,
               )}
               authorName={post?.ppmaAuthorName || ""}
-              authorImageUrl={avatarImgSrc || "/blog/images/author.png"}
+              authorImageUrl={avatarImgSrc || "/blog/images/author.webp"}
               authorDescription={blogWriterDescription || "An author for keploy's blog."}
               ReviewAuthorDetails={
                 reviewAuthorDetails &&
diff --git a/pages/community/index.tsx b/pages/community/index.tsx
index 14d248a6b..c3bd9721e 100644
--- a/pages/community/index.tsx
+++ b/pages/community/index.tsx
@@ -6,8 +6,13 @@ import HeroPost from "../../components/hero-post";
 import Layout from "../../components/layout";
 import { getAllPostsForCommunity } from "../../lib/api";
 import Header from "../../components/header";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, getCollectionPageSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT } from "../../lib/isr";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
+
+// See the note in technology/index.tsx: the <title> was "Keploy Blog" while
+// og:title was the hero post's title.
+const PAGE_TITLE = "Community Stories & API Testing Tutorials";
 
 export default function Community({ allPosts: { edges, pageInfo }, preview }) {
   const heroPost = edges[0]?.node;
@@ -18,6 +23,17 @@ export default function Community({ allPosts: { edges, pageInfo }, preview }) {
       { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
       { name: "Community", url: `${SITE_URL}/community` },
     ]),
+    getCollectionPageSchema({
+      name: "Keploy Community Blog",
+      url: `${SITE_URL}/community`,
+      description:
+        "Developer stories, open-source contributions, API testing tutorials, and hands-on engineering guides from the Keploy community.",
+      items: edges.map(({ node }) => ({
+        url: `${SITE_URL}/community/${node.slug}`,
+        name: node.title,
+        image: node.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
+      })),
+    }),
   ];
   function getExcerpt(content) {
     const maxWords = 50;
@@ -36,16 +52,23 @@ export default function Community({ allPosts: { edges, pageInfo }, preview }) {
     <Layout
       preview={preview}
       featuredImage={heroPost?.featuredImage?.node.sourceUrl}
-      Title={heroPost?.title}
+      Title={PAGE_TITLE}
       Description={`Explore the Keploy community blog for developer stories, open-source contributions, API testing tutorials, and hands-on engineering guides.`}
       structuredData={structuredData}
       canonicalUrl={`${SITE_URL}/community`}
     >
       <Head>
-        <title>{`Keploy Blog`}</title>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(PAGE_TITLE)}</title>
       </Head>
       <Header />
       <Container>
+        <h1 className="text-3xl md:text-4xl font-bold tracking-tight mt-4 mb-4">
+          Keploy Community Blog
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-gray-600 max-w-3xl mb-10">
+          Developer stories, open-source contributions, API testing tutorials, and
+          hands-on engineering guides from the Keploy community.
+        </p>
         {/* <Intro /> */}
         {heroPost && (
           <HeroPost
diff --git a/pages/community/search.tsx b/pages/community/search.tsx
index a4eb41e45..01943b6fb 100644
--- a/pages/community/search.tsx
+++ b/pages/community/search.tsx
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ export default function CommunitySearch({ allPosts }: { allPosts: { node: Post }
   const heroPost = filteredPosts[0]?.node;
   const morePosts = filteredPosts.slice(1);
   const excerpt = heroPost ? getExcerpt(heroPost.excerpt, 50) : "";
+  // This page is noindex, so search engines don't process its structured data.
+  // SearchResultsPage was dead markup here (review #8); the breadcrumb is kept
+  // only as a lightweight nav hint.
   const structuredData = [
     getBreadcrumbListSchema([
       { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
diff --git a/pages/index.tsx b/pages/index.tsx
index f7a6cca74..6a50ce884 100644
--- a/pages/index.tsx
+++ b/pages/index.tsx
@@ -11,22 +11,58 @@ import Testimonials from "../components/testimonials";
 import Image from "next/image";
 import OpenSourceVectorPng from "../public/images/open-source-vector.png";
 import {
-  getBreadcrumbListSchema,
   getWebSiteSchema,
+  getCollectionPageSchema,
   SITE_URL,
 } from "../lib/structured-data";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../utils/seo";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT } from "../lib/isr";
 // Canonical /blog title. Shared by Layout's `Title` prop (which Meta.tsx
 // turns into og:title / twitter:title) and the <Head><title>, so the
 // document title and social metadata can't drift apart.
 const BLOG_TITLE =
   "Keploy Blog — API Testing, Test Automation & eBPF Deep-Dives";
+// Shared by Layout's `Description` prop and the CollectionPage schema below so
+// the rendered meta description and the structured data can't drift apart.
+const BLOG_DESCRIPTION =
+  "The Keploy Blog offers in-depth articles and expert insights on software testing, automation, and quality assurance, empowering developers to enhance their testing strategies and deliver robust applications.";
 
 export default function Index({ communityPosts, technologyPosts, preview }) {
-  // Organization schema is in _document.tsx (global) — not duplicated here
+  // Organization schema is in _document.tsx (global) — not duplicated here.
+  // No BreadcrumbList: a single "Home" item is a no-op that SEMrush/Google flag,
+  // so the home route carries WebSite plus the CollectionPage below.
+  const featuredItems = [
+    ...(communityPosts || []).map(({ node }: any) => ({
+      url: `${SITE_URL}/community/${node.slug}`,
+      name: node.title,
+      image: node.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
+    })),
+    ...(technologyPosts || []).map(({ node }: any) => ({
+      url: `${SITE_URL}/technology/${node.slug}`,
+      name: node.title,
+      image: node.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
+    })),
+  ];
+  // No Review structured data here — deliberate. The "What our community thinks"
+  // wall (components/testimonials.tsx) is loaded client-only in PR #410
+  // (next/dynamic, ssr:false) to keep the animating marquee off the LCP path, so
+  // those reviews are NOT in the server HTML a crawler reads. Emitting Review
+  // markup for content that isn't server-rendered is markup for invisible
+  // content, which Google penalizes. getReviewSchema stays available (and tested)
+  // so this can be re-wired if the wall ever returns to SSR.
+  //
+  // The home route is a listing like /technology and /tag/{slug}, so it gets the
+  // same CollectionPage treatment. That also gives it a page-type node, which it
+  // previously lacked: WebSite describes the site and ItemList the cards, but
+  // neither says what this page is. The featured ItemList is the mainEntity.
   const structuredData = [
     getWebSiteSchema(),
-    getBreadcrumbListSchema([{ name: "Home", url: SITE_URL }]),
+    getCollectionPageSchema({
+      name: BLOG_TITLE,
+      url: SITE_URL,
+      description: BLOG_DESCRIPTION,
+      items: featuredItems,
+    }),
   ];
 
   return (
@@ -35,7 +71,7 @@ export default function Index({ communityPosts, technologyPosts, preview }) {
       preview={preview}
       featuredImage={HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL}
       Title={BLOG_TITLE}
-      Description={"The Keploy Blog offers in-depth articles and expert insights on software testing, automation, and quality assurance, empowering developers to enhance their testing strategies and deliver robust applications."}
+      Description={BLOG_DESCRIPTION}
       structuredData={structuredData}
       canonicalUrl={SITE_URL}
       ogType="website"
@@ -45,7 +81,7 @@ export default function Index({ communityPosts, technologyPosts, preview }) {
             prop but does NOT emit a <title> tag (see LIVE-11 note in
             authors/[slug].tsx). Without this <Head><title>, /blog ships
             with no document title — same regression that hit author pages. */}
-        <title>{BLOG_TITLE}</title>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(BLOG_TITLE)}</title>
       </Head>
       <Header />
       <Container>
diff --git a/pages/search.tsx b/pages/search.tsx
index eff93a6ce..39bbbaf17 100644
--- a/pages/search.tsx
+++ b/pages/search.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ export default function SearchPage({ allPosts }: { allPosts: { node: Post }[] })
     ? `Search Results for "${query}" | Keploy Blog` 
     : "Search | Keploy Blog";
 
+  // This page is noindex, so search engines don't process its structured data.
+  // SearchResultsPage was dead markup here (review #8); the breadcrumb is kept
+  // only as a lightweight nav hint. `query` is still used for the visible UI.
   const structuredData = [
     getBreadcrumbListSchema([
       { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
diff --git a/pages/tag/[slug].tsx b/pages/tag/[slug].tsx
index 8c67e0336..d09192c12 100644
--- a/pages/tag/[slug].tsx
+++ b/pages/tag/[slug].tsx
@@ -7,33 +7,64 @@ import Container from "../../components/container";
 import { getAllPostsFromTags, getAllTags } from "../../lib/api";
 import TagsStories from "../../components/TagsStories";
 import { useRouter } from "next/router";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, getCollectionPageSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR, REVALIDATE_NOT_FOUND } from "../../lib/isr";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
 export default function PostByTags({ postsByTags, preview, tagSlug: tagSlugProp }) {
   const posts = postsByTags?.edges || [];
   const router = useRouter();
   const tagSlug = tagSlugProp || (Array.isArray(router.query.slug) ? router.query.slug[0] : (router.query.slug || ''));
+  // Percent-encode the slug for every emitted URL — the tag hub already does
+  // (pages/tag/index.tsx), so without this a tag like "c#" produces /tag/c%23
+  // on the hub but a raw /tag/c# here, where everything after # is a fragment.
+  // The ItemList entry and the canonical would then disagree.
+  const encodedTagSlug = encodeURIComponent(tagSlug);
   const tagDisplay = tagSlug.replace(/-/g, ' ').replace(/\b\w/g, c => c.toUpperCase()) || 'All Topics';
+  // "{tag} posts" is a SEMrush "title too short" on the shorter tags (/tag/ai,
+  // /tag/go, /tag/qa ...). buildPageTitle caps the long end, so the only risk
+  // here is being too short.
+  const pageTitle = `${tagDisplay} Articles & Tutorials`;
   return (
     <Layout
       preview={preview}
       featuredImage={HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL}
-      Title={`${tagDisplay} posts`}
+      Title={pageTitle}
       Description={`Browse all Keploy blog posts tagged "${tagDisplay}" — tutorials, guides, and expert insights on ${tagDisplay} for developers and QA engineers.`}
       structuredData={[
         getBreadcrumbListSchema([
           { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
           { name: "Tags", url: `${SITE_URL}/tag` },
-          { name: `${tagDisplay || "Tag"}`, url: `${SITE_URL}/tag/${tagSlug || ""}` },
+          { name: `${tagDisplay || "Tag"}`, url: `${SITE_URL}/tag/${encodedTagSlug || ""}` },
         ]),
+        getCollectionPageSchema({
+          name: `${tagDisplay} posts`,
+          url: `${SITE_URL}/tag/${encodedTagSlug || ""}`,
+          description: `Keploy blog posts tagged "${tagDisplay}".`,
+          items: posts.map(({ node }: any) => {
+            const isCommunity =
+              node.categories?.edges?.[0]?.node?.name === "community";
+            return {
+              url: `${SITE_URL}/${isCommunity ? "community" : "technology"}/${node.slug}`,
+              name: node.title,
+              image: node.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
+            };
+          }),
+        }),
       ]}
-      canonicalUrl={tagSlug ? `${SITE_URL}/tag/${tagSlug}` : `${SITE_URL}/tag`}
+      canonicalUrl={tagSlug ? `${SITE_URL}/tag/${encodedTagSlug}` : `${SITE_URL}/tag`}
     >
       <Head>
-        <title>{`${tagDisplay} posts`}</title>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(pageTitle)}</title>
       </Head>
       <Header />
       <Container>
+        <h1 className="text-3xl md:text-4xl font-bold tracking-tight mt-4 mb-4">
+          {tagDisplay} posts
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-gray-600 max-w-3xl mb-10">
+          Browse all Keploy blog posts tagged &quot;{tagDisplay}&quot; — tutorials,
+          guides, and expert insights on {tagDisplay} for developers and QA engineers.
+        </p>
         <TagsStories posts={posts} />
       </Container>
     </Layout>
diff --git a/pages/tag/index.tsx b/pages/tag/index.tsx
index f830376f0..1ec7afa8a 100644
--- a/pages/tag/index.tsx
+++ b/pages/tag/index.tsx
@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@ import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
 import { FaSearch } from 'react-icons/fa';
 import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 import { getIconComponentForTag } from "../../utils/tagIcons";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, getCollectionPageSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT } from "../../lib/isr";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
+
+// "Tags" alone is a SEMrush "title too short".
+const PAGE_TITLE = "Browse All Blog Topics & Tags";
  
  export default function Tags({ edgesAllTags, preview }) {
    const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState("");
@@ -74,18 +78,32 @@ import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT } from "../../lib/isr";
     <Layout
       preview={preview}
       featuredImage={HOME_OG_IMAGE_URL}
-      Title={`Tags`}
+      Title={PAGE_TITLE}
       Description={`Browse all topic tags on the Keploy blog — find articles on API testing, test automation, CI/CD, developer tools, and software quality.`}
       structuredData={[
         getBreadcrumbListSchema([
           { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
           { name: "Tags", url: `${SITE_URL}/tag` },
         ]),
+        getCollectionPageSchema({
+          name: "Keploy Blog Tags",
+          url: `${SITE_URL}/tag`,
+          description:
+            "All topic tags on the Keploy blog — API testing, test automation, CI/CD, developer tools, and software quality.",
+          // Cap the directory at 150 entries so the JSON-LD payload stays lean.
+          // Normalize whitespace to dashes (matches the canonical the /tag/[slug]
+          // route resolves: slug.replace(/\s+/g,"-")) and percent-encode so tags
+          // with reserved chars (e.g. "c#") don't emit broken URLs in the JSON-LD.
+          items: (edgesAllTags || []).slice(0, 150).map(({ name }: { name: string }) => ({
+            url: `${SITE_URL}/tag/${encodeURIComponent(name.trim().replace(/\s+/g, "-"))}`,
+            name,
+          })),
+        }),
       ]}
       canonicalUrl={`${SITE_URL}/tag`}
     >
       <Head>
-        <title>{`Tags`}</title>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(PAGE_TITLE)}</title>
       </Head>
       <Header />
       <Container>
diff --git a/pages/technology/[slug].tsx b/pages/technology/[slug].tsx
index 8909841de..cd05bee70 100644
--- a/pages/technology/[slug].tsx
+++ b/pages/technology/[slug].tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   getReviewAuthors,
 } from "../../lib/api";
 import ContainerSlug from "../../components/containerSlug";
-import { useRef, useEffect } from "react";
+import { useRef, useEffect, useMemo } from "react";
 import { useScroll, useSpringValue } from "@react-spring/web";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR, REVALIDATE_NOT_FOUND } from "../../lib/isr";
 import { calculateReadingTime } from "../../utils/calculateReadingTime";
@@ -25,10 +25,16 @@ import { getRedirectSlug, hasRedirect } from "../../config/redirect";
 import {
   getBlogPostingSchema,
   getBreadcrumbListSchema,
+  getFAQPageSchema,
+  getSoftwareSourceCodeSchema,
+  getDefinedTermSetSchema,
   SITE_URL,
 } from "../../lib/structured-data";
-import { sanitizeTitle, getSafeDescription } from "../../utils/seo";
+import { sanitizeTitle, getSafeDescription, buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
 import { getHowToSchema } from "../../lib/howToSchema";
+import { detectCodeLanguages, countWords, extractFaqs } from "../../utils/contentSchema";
+import { getTooltipsForSlug } from "../../config/keyword-tooltips";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar } from "../../lib/constants";
 
 const PostBody = dynamic(() => import("../../components/post-body"));
 
@@ -64,14 +70,15 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
   const reviewAuthorImageUrl = reviewerNode?.avatar?.url || "";
   const reviewAuthorDescription = reviewerNode?.description || "";
 
-  // Writer avatar — use ppmaAuthorImage directly (SSR). Previously this
-  // was extracted from post.content via regex inside a useEffect, which
-  // meant the SSR HTML rendered /blog/images/author.png as a placeholder.
-  const ppmaImage =
-    typeof post?.ppmaAuthorImage === "string" && post.ppmaAuthorImage.length > 0
-      ? post.ppmaAuthorImage
-      : "";
-  const writerAvatarUrl = ppmaImage || "/blog/images/author.png";
+  // Writer avatar — use ppmaAuthorImage directly (SSR). resolveAuthorAvatar
+  // rejects junk values ("imag1", "image", "n/a", empty) that would otherwise
+  // 400 the next/image optimizer and render a broken byline avatar; a real URL
+  // passes through unchanged.
+  const writerAvatarUrl = resolveAuthorAvatar(post?.ppmaAuthorImage);
+  // For JSON-LD only: a genuine author photo (absolute URL) or nothing — never
+  // the placeholder or a junk value, either of which would be invalid in schema.
+  const rawPpmaImage = (post?.ppmaAuthorImage ?? "").trim();
+  const ppmaSchemaImage = /^https?:\/\//i.test(rawPpmaImage) ? rawPpmaImage : undefined;
 
   // Writer description — extract synchronously from post content (no effect).
   const writerDescriptionMatch =
@@ -96,7 +103,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
   const blogreviewer = [
     {
       name: reviewAuthorName || "Reviewer",
-      ImageUrl: reviewAuthorImageUrl || "/blog/images/author.png",
+      ImageUrl: reviewAuthorImageUrl || "/blog/images/author.webp",
       description: reviewAuthorDescription || "A Reviewer for keploy's blog",
     },
   ];
@@ -132,6 +139,18 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
   const safeDescription = getSafeDescription(router.isFallback, post?.seo?.metaDesc, safeTitle);
 
   const postUrl = post?.slug ? `${SITE_URL}/technology/${post.slug}` : `${SITE_URL}/technology`;
+  // These scan the full post HTML; memoize so the passes run once on hydration
+  // and never again on the frequent re-renders this page triggers (scroll
+  // progress, router state) — see PR review #5.
+  const { codeLanguages, wordCount, faqs } = useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      codeLanguages: detectCodeLanguages(post?.content),
+      wordCount: countWords(post?.content),
+      faqs: extractFaqs(post?.content),
+    }),
+    [post?.content],
+  );
+  const tooltipTerms = post?.slug ? getTooltipsForSlug(post.slug) : [];
   const structuredData = [];
   if (post?.slug) {
     structuredData.push(
@@ -149,13 +168,25 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
         imageUrl: post?.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
         authorName: post?.ppmaAuthorName,
         // LIVE-22: use PublishPress author image, not the placeholder.
-        authorImage: ppmaImage || undefined,
+        authorImage: ppmaSchemaImage,
         articleSection: post?.categories?.edges?.[0]?.node?.name || "Technology",
         // GEO-13: mark this as TechArticle (more specific than BlogPosting
         // for developer content). AI models weight TechArticle higher
         // for technical queries.
         categorySlug: "technology",
         proficiencyLevel: "Intermediate",
+        // Populate TechArticle.dependencies from the code languages actually
+        // present in the post (was defined but never set).
+        dependencies: codeLanguages.length ? codeLanguages : undefined,
+        // Voice-assistant spoken summary: title + section headings.
+        speakableSelectors: ["h1", "h2"],
+        // Developer-intent content signals (serialized from existing UI data).
+        wordCount,
+        readingTimeMinutes: time,
+        keywords: [
+          ...(post?.categories?.edges?.map((e) => e?.node?.name).filter(Boolean) || []),
+          ...codeLanguages,
+        ],
         // LIVE-22: emit reviewedBy Person schema. Skipped by the
         // generator when the reviewer equals the author or when the
         // name falls back to the "Reviewer" placeholder.
@@ -168,6 +199,27 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
     if (howTo) {
       structuredData.push(howTo);
     }
+    // FAQPage only when the post has an explicit "FAQ" / "Frequently Asked
+    // Questions" section with ≥2 clean Q&A pairs (see utils/contentSchema
+    // extractFaqs). Marker-gated so we never scrape stray "?" headings or
+    // flatten code/tables into answers. Linked to the post WebPage via @id.
+    if (faqs.length) {
+      structuredData.push(getFAQPageSchema(faqs, postUrl));
+    }
+    for (const language of codeLanguages) {
+      structuredData.push(
+        getSoftwareSourceCodeSchema({ language, url: postUrl, name: `${safeTitle} — ${language} example` }),
+      );
+    }
+    if (tooltipTerms.length) {
+      structuredData.push(
+        getDefinedTermSetSchema({
+          name: `${safeTitle} — glossary`,
+          url: postUrl,
+          terms: tooltipTerms.map((t) => ({ term: t.keyword, description: t.heading })),
+        }),
+      );
+    }
   } else {
     structuredData.push(
       getBreadcrumbListSchema([
@@ -197,7 +249,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
           <>
             <article>
               <Head>
-                <title>{`${post?.title || "Loading..."} | Keploy Blog`}</title>
+                <title>{buildPageTitle(post?.title)}</title>
                 {/* DM Sans + Baloo 2 are preloaded globally in _document.tsx */}
               </Head>
               <PostHeader
@@ -225,7 +277,7 @@ export default function Post({ post, posts, reviewAuthorDetails, preview }) {
                 post?.content && postBody({ content: post?.content, post })
               }
               authorName={post?.ppmaAuthorName || ""}
-              authorImageUrl={avatarImgSrc || "/blog/images/author.png"}
+              authorImageUrl={avatarImgSrc || "/blog/images/author.webp"}
               authorDescription={blogWriterDescription || "An author for keploy's blog."}
               slug={slug}
               ReviewAuthorDetails={
diff --git a/pages/technology/index.tsx b/pages/technology/index.tsx
index a8c01fa54..8713824fc 100644
--- a/pages/technology/index.tsx
+++ b/pages/technology/index.tsx
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ import Layout from "../../components/layout";
 import { getAllPostsForTechnology } from "../../lib/api";
 import Header from "../../components/header";
 import { getExcerpt } from "../../utils/excerpt";
-import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
+import { getBreadcrumbListSchema, getCollectionPageSchema, SITE_URL } from "../../lib/structured-data";
 import { REVALIDATE_CONTENT, REVALIDATE_ERROR } from "../../lib/isr";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
+
+// Descriptive page title for this archive. Previously the <title> was the bare
+// string "Keploy" (SEMrush "title too short") while og:title was the hero post's
+// title, so the document title and social metadata described different things.
+const PAGE_TITLE = "Technology Articles & API Testing Guides";
 
 export default function Index({ allPosts: { edges, pageInfo }, preview }) {
-  console.log("tech posts: ", edges.length)
   const heroPost = edges[0]?.node;
   const excerpt = edges[0] ? getExcerpt(edges[0].node.excerpt, 50) : null;
   const morePosts = edges.slice(1);
@@ -20,22 +25,40 @@ export default function Index({ allPosts: { edges, pageInfo }, preview }) {
       { name: "Home", url: SITE_URL },
       { name: "Technology", url: `${SITE_URL}/technology` },
     ]),
+    getCollectionPageSchema({
+      name: "Keploy Technology Blog",
+      url: `${SITE_URL}/technology`,
+      description:
+        "In-depth technology articles on API testing, test automation, CI/CD pipelines, eBPF-based testing, and modern software quality engineering.",
+      items: edges.map(({ node }) => ({
+        url: `${SITE_URL}/technology/${node.slug}`,
+        name: node.title,
+        image: node.featuredImage?.node?.sourceUrl,
+      })),
+    }),
   ];
 
   return (
     <Layout
       preview={preview}
       featuredImage={heroPost?.featuredImage?.node.sourceUrl}
-      Title={heroPost?.title}
+      Title={PAGE_TITLE}
       Description={`Read in-depth Keploy technology articles on API testing, test automation, CI/CD pipelines, eBPF-based testing, and modern software quality engineering.`}
       structuredData={structuredData}
       canonicalUrl={`${SITE_URL}/technology`}
     >
       <Head>
-        <title>{`Keploy`}</title>
+        <title>{buildPageTitle(PAGE_TITLE)}</title>
       </Head>
       <Header />
       <Container>
+        <h1 className="text-3xl md:text-4xl font-bold tracking-tight mt-4 mb-4">
+          Keploy Technology Blog
+        </h1>
+        <p className="text-gray-600 max-w-3xl mb-10">
+          In-depth articles on API testing, test automation, CI/CD pipelines,
+          eBPF-based testing, and modern software quality engineering.
+        </p>
         {/* <Intro /> */}
         {heroPost && (
           <HeroPost
diff --git a/public/images/author.png b/public/images/author.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 06c0a4e39..000000000
Binary files a/public/images/author.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/public/images/author.webp b/public/images/author.webp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e067bd67
Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/author.webp differ
diff --git a/public/images/thumbnil.png b/public/images/thumbnil.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 096eab97a..000000000
Binary files a/public/images/thumbnil.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/public/llms-full.txt b/public/llms-full.txt
index 541115964..6b329fbaf 100644
--- a/public/llms-full.txt
+++ b/public/llms-full.txt
@@ -1,272 +1,207 @@
-# Keploy Blog — llms-full.txt
-# https://keploy.io/blog
-
-> Comprehensive content reference for the Keploy Blog, a technical publication covering software testing, API development, developer tooling, and test automation. The blog publishes 500+ articles authored by Keploy engineers, community contributors, and guest writers. This document provides detailed topic coverage, popular article references, content categories, and product context for AI/LLM crawlers.
-
-For the short summary version, see: https://keploy.io/blog/llms.txt
+# Keploy Blog — LLMs Full Index
+# Last updated: August 2026
+# Deploy at: https://keploy.io/blog/llms-full.txt
+# Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
 
 ---
 
-## About This Site
+# Software Testing Fundamentals
 
-The Keploy Blog is the content hub for Keploy, an open-source AI-powered testing platform. It publishes technical articles, tutorials, comparisons, community updates, and thought leadership on software testing and developer productivity.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/software-testing-basics
+  Ground-up intro to software testing: defects/bugs/failures vocabulary, 7 testing principles, all test levels (unit through acceptance), functional vs non-functional testing, test case writing, defect reports, CI/CD reliability, how to build a first test suite, and key metrics including flake rate and change failure rate. Most comprehensive fundamentals post on the blog.
 
-- URL: https://keploy.io/blog
-- Sitemap: https://keploy.io/blog/sitemap.xml
-- CMS: Headless WordPress with WPGraphQL (content API at https://wp.keploy.io/graphql)
-- Framework: Next.js (Pages Router) with server-side rendering and Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR)
-- Publishing cadence: Multiple articles per week
-- Total articles: 500+
-- Content language: English
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/software-testing-strategies
+  What a test strategy is vs. a test plan; 5 strategy types (manual, automation, API-first, regression, performance/security); black-box and white-box techniques; integration approaches; SDLC phase mapping; and strategy templates for startups vs enterprise teams.
 
----
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/quality-assurance-testing
+  Distinguishes QA from testing; covers 10 QA testing types; tools including Keploy, Selenium, Jest, Postman, and JMeter; manual vs automated guidance; and how QA fits into CI/CD pipelines.
 
-## About Keploy
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/faster-testing-guide
+  What "fast" means across speed, stability, automation, scalability, and maintainability; shift-left and shift-right approaches; lean test pyramid; separate playbooks for startups vs enterprise; and metrics to track improvement over time.
 
-Keploy (founded 2021) is an open-source, AI-powered testing agent and sandboxing platform. It uses eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) kernel technology to capture real API traffic and replay it as auto-generated tests with dependency mocks and stubs. No code changes required. Keploy achieves 90% test coverage in minutes.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/types-of-software-testing
+  Classifies testing across 5 dimensions: by level, purpose, technique, execution method, and special objectives. Includes a decision framework for choosing the right type based on architecture, risk tolerance, delivery speed, and team size.
 
-### Recognition
-- API World 2023 Award: Best in API Infrastructure
-- CNCF Landscape member (listed under API Testing)
-- Google for Startups Accelerator alumnus
-- Google Summer of Code mentoring organization
-- 17,000+ GitHub stars (Apache 2.0 license)
-- 1,000,000+ VS Code extension installs
-- Gartner rated 4.6/5
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/black-box-testing-and-white-box-testing-a-complete-guide
+  Compares black-box, white-box, and grey-box testing: purpose, skill requirements, and tools. Covers 4 black-box techniques (boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, decision table, state transition), a side-by-side comparison table, and tool recommendations per approach.
 
-### Products
-1. **Integration Testing (OSS)** — Record-replay engine using eBPF to capture API calls and generate test suites with deterministic replay and automatic dependency mocking.
-2. **Test Agent** — AI-powered unit test generation from PR diffs and source code. Supports Go with Java and JavaScript coming soon.
-3. **API Test Generation** — Generate tests from OpenAPI specs, Postman collections, cURL commands, or real user traffic.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/white-box-testing
+  White box testing (glass box / structural testing) — designing test cases from internal code structure rather than observable behaviour. Covers 5 techniques (statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, condition coverage, loop testing) with real code examples in Python, Java, and Go. Explains how to integrate coverage thresholds into CI/CD via pytest-cov, JaCoCo, and Istanbul, and why high coverage numbers don't guarantee bug-free code. Includes a white box vs black box comparison table and tool recommendations by language.
 
-### Links
-- Website: https://keploy.io
-- GitHub: https://github.com/keploy/keploy
-- Documentation: https://keploy.io/docs
-- Cloud Platform: https://app.keploy.io
-- License: Apache 2.0
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/black-box-testing-techniques
+  Practical guide to the 6 black box testing techniques: equivalence partitioning (grouping inputs by expected behaviour), boundary value analysis (testing at input range edges), decision table testing (mapping condition combinations to outputs), state transition testing (validating behaviour across system states), error guessing (experience-driven targeting of likely failure points), and use case testing (end-to-end user journeys). Each technique includes worked examples using a login system with full sample test case tables, and guidance on which technique to apply when.
 
----
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-unit-testing
+  Unit testing definition, benefits (early bug detection, faster development, safe refactoring), frameworks by language (JUnit, pytest, Jest), best practices, and guidance on when unit tests are not the right tool.
 
-## Content Categories
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/reliability-testing-a-complete-guide
+  7 reliability testing types (load, stress, volume, spike, endurance, recovery, configuration); testing objectives; how to perform each (MTBF, test scenarios); tools including LoadRunner, JMeter, and Chaos Monkey; and Keploy integration for API reliability validation.
 
-### Technology
-Deep dives on testing frameworks, CI/CD pipelines, language-specific guides, developer tools, and software architecture. Covers practical tutorials with code examples, framework comparisons, and best practices for modern development workflows.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/software-quality-assurance-services
+  SQA vs QC distinction; manual vs automated service types; 5 manual and 6 automated service categories; AI-driven QA trends in 2026; and Keploy for integration, unit, and API testing as part of an SQA programme.
 
-### Community
-Open-source updates, contributor spotlights, release notes, event recaps, Google Summer of Code project reports, Hacktoberfest participation guides, and community growth milestones.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-scripting
+  Scripting vs programming; common scripting languages (Python, JavaScript, Bash, Ruby, PowerShell); use cases across automation, web development, testing, data analysis, and sysadmin; benefits and limitations of each approach.
 
----
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-delta-testing
+  Validates only changed components per release; CI/CD integration with GitHub Actions example; comparison vs regression and smoke testing; use cases in SaaS, microservices, and feature flag environments; Keploy for API-level delta validation.
 
-## Major Topic Areas with Descriptions
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/levels-of-software-testing
+  Explains the 4 levels of software testing — unit (individual functions), integration (component interactions), system (full application against requirements), and acceptance (business and user validation) — with a V-model mapping to SDLC phases, a comparison table by scope/owner/tools, and where automated test generation from real traffic reduces integration and system testing maintenance burden.
 
-### API Testing
-Articles covering API test automation strategies, REST API testing, GraphQL testing, gRPC testing, API security testing, and API performance testing. Includes comparisons of API testing tools, tutorials for setting up API test suites, and best practices for API-first development.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/bug-life-cycle
+  Full bug life cycle (defect life cycle): New, Assigned, Open, Fixed, Pending Retest, Retest, Verified, Closed — plus branch states (Rejected, Duplicate, Deferred, Reopened) with ownership rules at each transition. Covers severity vs. priority differences, tool mappings (Jira, Bugzilla, Azure DevOps), worked examples, reopen rate as a health signal, and how automated testing prevents bugs from entering the cycle in the first place.
 
-### Unit Testing
-Guides on unit testing best practices across languages (Go, Java, Python, JavaScript, TypeScript), test framework comparisons, mocking strategies, code coverage measurement, and AI-powered test generation techniques.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/mock-testing
+  Mock testing — replacing real dependencies with simulated objects — including when to use mocks vs. stubs vs. fakes vs. spies, and a 7-step workflow for mocking dependencies in integration tests (identify, decide what to mock, create, configure responses, run, verify interactions, keep synchronized). Code examples in Java (Mockito, WireMock), JavaScript (Jest), Python (unittest.mock), and Go (interfaces). Covers contract drift, over-mocking, and maintenance overhead as common failure modes.
 
-### Integration Testing
-Content on testing microservices interactions, database integration testing, service virtualization, contract testing, and end-to-end testing strategies. Covers real-world patterns for testing distributed systems.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-spiral-model-in-software-engineering
+  Spiral Model SDLC framework: 4 phases per cycle (Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering, Evaluation), risk analysis as the central driver of each iteration, and why it's considered a meta-model that can incorporate Waterfall, Agile, or Incremental approaches depending on project phase. Covers advantages, disadvantages, a worked IoT example across 4 spirals, and when to use it for complex, high-risk, long-term projects.
 
-### Test-Driven Development (TDD)
-Articles explaining TDD methodology, TDD with different languages and frameworks, practical TDD examples, and the relationship between TDD and code quality.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/alpha-vs-beta-testing
+  Alpha (internal, controlled, functional/security focus) vs beta (external real users, usability/compatibility focus); release lifecycle sequencing; how structured use of both phases reduces post-launch bugs by up to 80%.
 
-### Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)
-Guides on BDD practices, Cucumber testing, Gherkin syntax, and collaborative testing approaches between developers and stakeholders.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/4-ways-to-write-comments-in-json
+  Why JSON lacks native comment support and 4 practical workarounds: special comment keys (_comment fields), preprocessing with JSON5 or HJSON extended formats, external documentation files, and JSON alternatives for comment-heavy configurations. Covers risks per approach and when each is appropriate.
 
-### Mocking and Stubbing
-Technical articles on mock objects, stub implementations, service virtualization, dependency injection for testing, and comparison of mocking libraries across languages.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/paired-vs-unpaired-t-test
+  Paired vs unpaired t-test: when each applies (same subjects measured twice vs independent groups), formulas, worked examples, and how these statistical methods validate whether performance changes between software releases are statistically significant rather than noise.
 
-### Code Coverage
-Analysis of code coverage metrics, tools, and best practices. Covers line coverage, branch coverage, mutation testing, and how to interpret coverage reports meaningfully.
+---
 
-### CI/CD Pipeline Optimization
-Tutorials on integrating tests into CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins, CircleCI), optimizing test execution time, parallelizing test suites, and continuous testing strategies.
+# API Testing Basics
 
-### eBPF for Testing
-Deep dives into eBPF technology, kernel-level traffic capture, network observability, and how eBPF enables zero-instrumentation testing. Explains the technical architecture behind Keploy's approach.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-api-testing
+  Complete API testing guide: what it validates, all major types (functional, contract, load, security, negative), HTTP methods and status codes, REST/SOAP/GraphQL differences, a pre-deployment checklist, and how to introduce API testing and integrate it into CI/CD pipelines.
 
-### Language-Specific Guides
-Detailed testing guides organized by programming language:
-- **Go (Golang)**: Go testing package, table-driven tests, Go benchmarks, Go coverage, testify, gomock
-- **Java**: JUnit 5, Mockito, Spring Boot testing, TestContainers, integration testing with Java
-- **Python**: pytest, unittest, Django testing, Flask testing, FastAPI testing, mocking with Python
-- **Node.js / TypeScript**: Jest, Mocha, Chai, Supertest, Express testing, NestJS testing
-- **Rust**: Rust testing framework, integration tests in Rust
-- **C# / .NET**: xUnit, NUnit, MSTest, ASP.NET Core testing
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/api-testing-strategies
+  8 core API test types with a layered CI/CD pipeline structure (timing targets per layer); solving async behavior, test data management, versioning, and flaky test problems; and REST API best practices for modern microservices teams.
 
-### Framework-Specific Guides
-Testing guides organized by web framework:
-- **Spring Boot**: Component testing, repository testing, controller testing, security testing
-- **Django**: Model testing, view testing, REST framework testing, Django test client
-- **Express**: Route testing, middleware testing, API testing with Supertest
-- **FastAPI**: Endpoint testing, dependency injection in tests, async testing
-- **NestJS**: Module testing, e2e testing, guard and interceptor testing
-- **Flask**: Application factory testing, blueprint testing, SQLAlchemy testing
-- **Gin**: Handler testing, middleware testing, database testing with Gin
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/api-design
+  API design principles (statelessness, naming conventions, HTTP methods, status codes, shallow resource structure); API-first vs code-first development; REST best practices (spec-first, versioning, error responses, security, pagination); common design mistakes; and a step-by-step design process.
 
-### Tool Comparisons
-Head-to-head comparisons of popular testing and development tools:
-- Jest vs Mocha: JavaScript test framework comparison
-- Cypress vs Playwright: End-to-end testing framework comparison
-- Postman vs Keploy: API testing approach comparison
-- JUnit vs TestNG: Java test framework comparison
-- pytest vs unittest: Python test framework comparison
-- REST Assured vs Postman: API testing tool comparison
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/api-testing-tools
+  Compares 12 API testing tools by use case with a decision tree: Keploy, Bruno, Postman, Insomnia, Hoppscotch, Thunder Client, REST Assured, Karate, JMeter, k6, SoapUI, and OWASP ZAP. Selection guidance by team profile, testing layer, and CI/CD requirements.
 
-### Software Architecture and Testing
-Articles on testing patterns for microservices, monolith-to-microservice migrations, event-driven architectures, serverless testing, and database testing strategies.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/soap-api-testing
+  SOAP API testing for enterprise, finance, and healthcare contexts where XML-based, contract-driven communication is required. Covers how SOAP differs from REST (XML-only, WSDL contract, WS-Security, stateful operations), the 5 types of SOAP API testing (functional, load, security, interoperability, regression), step-by-step testing workflow, and tools (SoapUI, Apache Axis2, Postman, JMeter, Katalon).
 
-### Developer Productivity
-Content on reducing testing overhead, automating repetitive testing tasks, improving developer experience, and measuring the ROI of test automation investments.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/no-code-api-testing-tools
+  No-code API testing frameworks — tools for designing and running API tests through visual interfaces without writing code. Benefits (accessibility for non-coders, faster setup, team collaboration), comparison of 5 tools (Keploy, Postman, SoapUI, Testsigma, Katalon) with a feature/pricing table, and selection criteria for teams starting API testing without scripting expertise.
 
 ---
 
-## Popular Articles by Topic
-
-### API Testing
-- API Testing Best Practices: Strategies for comprehensive API validation
-- What is API Testing: Complete guide to API test types and methodologies
-- REST API Testing Guide: Step-by-step REST API testing with examples
-- GraphQL Testing Guide: Testing GraphQL queries, mutations, and subscriptions
-- API Test Automation: Automating API tests in CI/CD pipelines
-
-### eBPF and Kernel Technology
-- What is eBPF-Based Testing: Deep dive into kernel-level traffic capture
-- eBPF for Developers: Practical introduction to eBPF concepts
-- Network Observability with eBPF: Using eBPF for traffic monitoring
-
-### Unit Testing
-- Unit Testing vs Integration Testing: When to use each approach
-- Unit Testing Best Practices: Writing maintainable and effective unit tests
-- Go Unit Testing Guide: Complete guide to testing in Go
-- Java Unit Testing with JUnit 5: Modern JUnit testing patterns
-- Python Unit Testing with pytest: pytest fixtures, parametrize, and plugins
-
-### Integration Testing
-- Integration Testing Best Practices: Patterns for reliable integration tests
-- Testing Microservices: Strategies for distributed system testing
-- Database Integration Testing: Testing with real and mocked databases
-- Contract Testing Guide: Consumer-driven and provider-driven contracts
-
-### Mocking and Service Virtualization
-- Mocking Best Practices: When and how to use mocks effectively
-- Service Virtualization Guide: Virtualizing external dependencies for testing
-- Mock vs Stub vs Spy: Understanding test double terminology
-
-### CI/CD and DevOps
-- GitHub Actions for Testing: Setting up test automation with GitHub Actions
-- GitLab CI Testing Pipeline: Configuring test stages in GitLab CI
-- Jenkins Testing Best Practices: Optimizing test execution in Jenkins
-
-### Code Coverage
-- Code Coverage Best Practices: Beyond the percentage metric
-- Mutation Testing Guide: Evaluating test suite quality with mutation testing
-- Coverage Reports in CI/CD: Integrating coverage into pull request workflows
-
-### Test-Driven Development
-- TDD in Practice: Real-world TDD examples and workflows
-- TDD with Go: Test-driven development in Go applications
-- TDD vs BDD: Choosing the right development methodology
-
-### Framework Tutorials
-- Spring Boot Testing Guide: Complete testing strategy for Spring applications
-- Django Testing Guide: Testing Django applications end-to-end
-- Express.js Testing: Testing Node.js APIs with Express
-- FastAPI Testing: Async API testing with FastAPI and pytest
-
-### Comparisons and Tool Reviews
-- Postman vs Keploy: Comparing manual and automated API testing
-- Jest vs Mocha: Choosing the right JavaScript test runner
-- Cypress vs Playwright: Browser automation framework comparison
-- JUnit vs TestNG: Java testing framework decision guide
+# Test Automation Strategy & CI/CD
 
----
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-test-automation
+  Defines automation; when it creates value vs maintenance burden; what to automate first (regression, API, integration, smoke); test pyramid with mid-layer emphasis; framework types; CI/CD suite structure by pipeline stage; and ROI metrics.
 
-## Author Information
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/automated-regression-testing
+  Automated regression testing: when to automate vs keep manual; 4 types (retest-all, selective, progressive, corrective) with CI/CD workflow implications. Compares automated regression against integration, E2E, and functional testing. Covers metrics (execution under 15 minutes, failure rate under 2%, flaky tests under 5%), tool categories, how AI-generated codebases change the equation, and best practices to avoid the regression maintenance trap.
 
-The blog features articles from:
-- **Keploy Engineering Team**: Core team members writing about product features, technical architecture, and engineering practices
-- **Community Contributors**: Open-source community members sharing tutorials, use cases, and integration guides
-- **Guest Writers**: Industry experts contributing thought leadership on testing and development topics
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/retesting-in-software-testing
+  Retesting — re-executing previously failed test cases to confirm a specific defect is resolved — and how it differs from regression testing (fix verification vs side-effect verification). Covers the components of an effective retesting strategy: test scope, environment setup, test case design, automation vs manual, and tracking. Includes a QA checklist and how Keploy's traffic replay automates the retesting cycle.
 
-Author profiles are available at: https://keploy.io/blog/authors/{slug}/
-(Slugs are lowercase, hyphen-separated, e.g., "John Doe" becomes "john-doe")
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/end-to-end-test-automation-guide
+  What end-to-end test automation is and why it matters for distributed applications — validating complete user journeys across UI, APIs, databases, and third-party services. Covers how E2E automation works (identify critical flows, capture requests/responses, generate deterministic mocks, replay tests, integrate into CI/CD), types (UI-based, API-based, hybrid), common challenges (flakiness, environment drift, high maintenance, slow execution), and how Keploy's zero-script approach with eBPF traffic capture and auto-mock generation addresses each.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/test-automation-roi
+  How to calculate test automation ROI using the formula (Savings − Cost) / Cost × 100, with worked examples and a three-scenario projection table (conservative 113%, realistic 228%, optimistic 342%) for a 5-person QA team. Covers what counts as savings vs investment, which tests have highest ROI (regression on stable APIs, smoke tests, integration tests), why UI tests have lower ROI, how to build a business case using financial language rather than coverage metrics, and when automation ROI disappoints.
 
 ---
 
-## Content Format and Structure
+# Regression & Integration Testing Guides
 
-### Article Types
-1. **Tutorials**: Step-by-step guides with code examples, commands, and expected outputs
-2. **Concept Explainers**: Deep dives into testing concepts, methodologies, and architectures
-3. **Comparisons**: Feature-by-feature tool comparisons with recommendation guidance
-4. **How-To Guides**: Practical problem-solving articles for specific use cases
-5. **Release Notes**: Product updates, new features, and changelog summaries
-6. **Community Stories**: Contributor spotlights, event recaps, and adoption case studies
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/regression-testing-an-introductory-guide
+  Comprehensive regression testing guide: definition, why it matters, the 4 main types (corrective, progressive, selective, retest-all), techniques (retest-all, test selection, prioritization, hybrid), how to integrate into CI/CD with a tiered execution model, and how to measure effectiveness using defect leakage rate, false positive rate, flaky test rate, and suite execution time. Compares regression vs retesting, smoke testing, unit testing, and integration testing with common CI/CD mistakes and fixes.
 
-### Typical Article Structure
-- Introduction and problem statement
-- Prerequisites and setup
-- Step-by-step instructions with code blocks
-- Visual aids (diagrams, screenshots, terminal output)
-- Summary and next steps
-- Related article links
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/integration-testing-a-comprehensive-guide
+  What integration testing is, where it sits in the testing pyramid between unit and E2E tests, and why it's the most effective layer for catching production failures in modern distributed systems. Covers 4 types (big-bang, bottom-up, top-down, sandwich), a step-by-step workflow (initialize, trigger, observe, assert, cleanup), a real API + database scenario example, tools (Keploy, SoapUI, Citrus, Postman), and best practices including dependency isolation and sandbox environments.
 
 ---
 
-## Technical Details
+# CI/CD & DevOps
 
-### Site Architecture
-- Built with Next.js using Pages Router
-- Content served from headless WordPress via WPGraphQL
-- Server-side rendered with Incremental Static Regeneration
-- Deployed on Vercel
-- Accessible at https://keploy.io/blog (proxied from the main landing site)
-- Base path: /blog (all routes are prefixed)
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/deployment-strategies
+  5 core deployment strategies (blue-green, canary, rolling, recreate, feature flag) with a comparison table by downtime, rollback speed, risk, and best use case. Covers practical implementation guidance, common failure modes, and Keploy integration per strategy.
 
-### Content Discovery
-- Sitemap: https://keploy.io/blog/sitemap.xml
-- Tag pages: https://keploy.io/blog/tag/{tag-slug}/
-- Technology category: https://keploy.io/blog/technology/
-- Author pages: https://keploy.io/blog/authors/{author-slug}/
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/software-deployment
+  Complete guide to software deployment: the 5 core stages (build, testing, environment preparation, execution, monitoring), 7 deployment strategies (blue-green, canary, rolling, A/B testing, shadow, recreate, continuous) with a comparison table by downtime and rollback speed, pre/during/post deployment checklist, deployment tools by function, how to measure with DORA metrics, and the most common failure modes including environment drift and undetected API regressions.
 
 ---
 
-## Keploy Product Context for Blog Content
+# DORA Metrics & Quality Engineering
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/how-to-improve-dora-metrics
+  All 5 DORA metrics — Deployment Frequency, Lead Time for Changes, Change Failure Rate, Failed Deployment Recovery Time, and the 2024-added Deployment Rework Rate — with 2026 benchmarks for each performance tier (Elite, High, Medium, Low) and specific improvement strategies per metric. Includes findings from the 2025 DORA State of AI-Assisted Software Development report (AI boosts speed but can destabilize delivery), common mistakes like gaming individual metrics, and how automated test coverage directly improves multiple metrics simultaneously.
 
-### How Keploy Works (Context for Blog Articles)
-Keploy uses eBPF to attach probes to Linux kernel socket syscalls, capturing all inbound API requests and outbound dependency calls (database queries, external API calls, message queue operations) without any code changes. Captured traffic is converted into YAML test cases with auto-generated mocks. During test replay, Keploy serves dependency responses from recorded mocks and compares application responses against expected outputs, using AI noise detection to filter non-deterministic differences.
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/what-is-mttr
+  MTTR (Mean Time to Recovery) definition, the 4 MTTR variants (Repair, Recovery, Restore, Resolution), DORA framework position with 2025 benchmark tiers (elite: under 1 hour), the 6 incident lifecycle phases that add to total MTTR (detection, acknowledgement, diagnosis, fix, deployment, verification), MTTR vs MTBF vs MTTD comparisons, mean vs median trade-offs, and 5 practical strategies to reduce recovery time including observability investment, automated rollback, and upstream test coverage.
 
-### Key Technical Terms Used in Blog Content
-- **eBPF**: Extended Berkeley Packet Filter, a Linux kernel technology for safe in-kernel program execution
-- **Record Mode**: Keploy mode that captures API traffic and generates test cases
-- **Test Mode**: Keploy mode that replays recorded tests and validates responses
-- **Noise Detection**: AI system that identifies non-deterministic fields in API responses
-- **Time Freezing**: Feature that rolls back system time during test replay for JWT/timestamp handling
-- **Dependency Virtualization**: Automatic mocking of external dependencies from recorded traffic
-- **Test Deduplication**: Coverage-aware removal of redundant test cases
-- **Mock Registry**: Cloud storage for mock files to keep git repositories lightweight
-- **Self-Healing Tests**: AI-powered automatic repair of failing test assertions
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/change-failure-rate
+  Change failure rate (CFR) — the percentage of production deployments requiring immediate remediation (rollback, hotfix, or emergency patch) — as a DORA stability metric. Covers the CFR formula, what counts as a failure vs what to exclude (fix-only deployments, external outages), 2025 DORA benchmark tiers (elite: 0–2%, only 16.7% of teams achieve this), how CFR pairs with MTTR in the stability half of the DORA framework, root causes of high CFR (insufficient testing, large infrequent deployments, missing observability, tightly coupled systems), and 5 reduction strategies including stronger regression pipelines, trunk-based development, canary releases, automated rollback, and blameless postmortems. Also covers how AI coding tools risk inflating CFR when test generation doesn't scale with code output.
 
 ---
 
-## Related Resources
+# Tools & Comparisons
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/test-automation-tools
+  Ranks and compares 15 test automation tools in 2026 across two categories: script-first (Selenium, Playwright, Cypress, Appium, Postman, k6, Robot Framework, Cucumber, BrowserStack, Tricentis Tosca, TestNG, Katalon, TestComplete) and generation-first (Keploy, Mabl). Covers CI/CD quality gate capability per tool, a Playwright vs Selenium vs Cypress framework comparison, a Keploy vs script-based API tools comparison, and guidance on choosing by team profile, stack, and scale.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/ai-testing-tools
+  13 AI-powered testing tools for 2026 — Keploy, Selenium with AI integrations, Testcraft, Applitools, Eggplant, Test.ai, Appium with AI, ReportPortal, Parasoft, CircleCI with AI, Sauce Labs, SmartBear TestComplete, and Bitbar — with a comparison table by AI capability, CI/CD support, and open-source status. Explains how AI testing tools work (test creation, self-healing, prioritization, failure analysis) and why manual and traditional scripted approaches can't scale in modern CI/CD environments.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/regression-testing-tools
+  Compares 11 regression testing tools for 2026 — Selenium, Keploy, Playwright, TestComplete, Katalon, Cypress, Appium, BrowserStack Automate, Tricentis Tosca, Mabl, and Applitools — with a table showing self-healing capability, parallel execution, and CI/CD integration per tool. Includes how each tool responds when UI or API changes occur, explains the regression maintenance trap, and provides a decision framework for choosing between scripted, self-healing, traffic-based, and visual regression approaches.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/open-source-load-testing-tools-for-devops
+  Compares 5 open-source load testing tools — Keploy (traffic replay), Apache JMeter (broad protocol support), Gatling (high-concurrency code-driven), The Grinder (agent-based distributed), and k6 (CI/CD-native JavaScript) — with performance metrics (max concurrent users, latency, throughput, resource usage) and a feature comparison table. Covers best practices for DevOps load testing and when to combine synthetic and real-traffic approaches.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/7-best-test-data-management-tools-in-2024
+  Reviews 7 test data management tools — Keploy (automated TDM with API test generation and data masking), Delphix (data virtualization and compliance), CA Test Data Manager (synthetic data generation), IBM InfoSphere Optim (enterprise archiving and masking), GenRocket (real-time synthetic generation), Micro Focus Data Express (automated profiling), and Datprof (user-friendly subsetting and masking) — with pros, cons, and pricing for each.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/software-development-tools
+  Reviews 15 software development tools across the full SDLC — VS Code, Git, Keploy, Jenkins, Postman, GitHub, Selenium, IntelliJ IDEA, Docker, JIRA, Trello, PyCharm, Swagger, Figma, and Kubernetes — with features and use cases per SDLC phase. Includes a section on top AI tools (Keploy, GitHub Copilot, Amazon Q, Cursor) and a decision checklist for evaluating any new tool against stack compatibility, integration fit, scalability, and compliance requirements.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/best-open-source-test-management-tools
+  8 open-source test management tools (Keploy, TestLink, Kiwi TCMS, Testopia, Squash TM, RTH, TestRail free, Zephyr Community) with a use-case decision table; AI capabilities in 2026; shift-left alignment; and how to choose based on team size, CI/CD maturity, and reporting needs.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/postman-alternative
+  Why teams leave Postman; top alternatives (Keploy, Bruno, Insomnia, Hoppscotch, SoapUI); use-case recommendations by team type; and a Postman vs Keploy feature comparison table.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/top-10-futuristic-open-source-testing-tools
+  10 open-source testing tools profiled (Keploy, Playwright, Cypress, Selenium 4, JMeter, k6, Appium, OWASP ZAP, TestContainers, Robot Framework) with a comparison table and selection criteria by team type and testing layer.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/best-replit-alternatives-2025
+  9 cloud IDEs compared against Replit (GitHub Codespaces, GitPod, Launchpad, CodeSandbox, AWS Cloud9, StackBlitz, Glitch, CodePen, SourceLair) with Keploy positioned as a backend/API testing alternative; includes a use-case decision table.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/top-integration-testing-tools
+  10 integration testing tools compared (Keploy, Cypress, SoapUI, JMeter, Citrus, Selenium, Playwright, Postman, PyTest, Jest) with a feature comparison table covering auto-scripting, test data generation, and CI/CD integration; selection guidance by architecture, CI/CD maturity, and maintenance overhead.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/ai-code-checker
+  AI code checker tools (CodeBERT, Copyleaks, ZZZ Code AI, GalaxyAI, Snyk); how they detect AI-written code (pattern analysis, comment evaluation, stylometrics); manual detection tips; and why AI-generated code needs additional oversight in testing pipelines.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/rest-assured-alternatives-for-api-testing
+  20 REST Assured alternatives for API testing — Keploy, Postman, SoapUI, Katalon, Karate DSL, Apigee, Tavern, JMeter, Cypress, Hoppscotch, Newman, SuperTest, TestNG, REST-assured Kotlin DSL, PyRestTest, Airborne, Mockoon, Beeceptor, HttpMaster, and Assertible — with key features and best-use-case summaries for each. Explains why teams move away from REST Assured (Java dependency, no GUI, scalability limits) and how Keploy's traffic-replay approach differs.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/top-5-cypress-alternatives-for-web-testing-and-automation
+  Compares 5 Cypress alternatives — Keploy (API-focused, automated test generation), Rainforest QA (no-code, crowd-sourced), Katalon (web and mobile, script and scriptless), Testim.io (AI-driven), and CloudQA (codeless with AI self-healing) — with a feature comparison table. Explains key Cypress limitations: JavaScript dependency, single-browser limitation, and multi-browser testing gaps.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/ai-powered-test-automation
+  How AI-powered test automation tools work — ML pattern recognition, NLP for natural language test creation, self-healing mechanisms, visual recognition, and predictive analysis. Profiles 6 tools: Keploy (API testing, auto-generates tests from traffic), Applitools (visual AI), Mabl (self-healing E2E), Functionize (NLP-based), Katalon Studio (all-in-one), and Testim (AI test creation). Covers selection criteria and the Keploy VS Code extension.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/contract-testing-tools
+  Compares 12 contract testing tools in 2026 organized by methodology — CDC (Pact/PactFlow, Spring Cloud Contract, Karate DSL, RestAssured), schema-based (Specmatic, Dredd), traffic-based/zero-authorship (Keploy, HyperTest), mocking/stubbing (WireMock, Microcks), enterprise (Swagger/SmartBear), and AI-generated (TestSprite) — with a comparison table by pricing, open-source status, and best use case. Decision guide based on team size, stack, and authorship capacity.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/generative-ai-testing-tools
+  How generative AI testing tools differ from traditional AI testing tools — moving from optimizing existing tests to automatically generating new test assets (test cases, mocks, test data) from real application behavior. Covers core capabilities (automated test case generation, smart mocking, natural language test creation, continuous adaptation), the feedback loop in CI/CD pipelines, which testing types benefit most, popular tools (Keploy for API/backend, Testim and Mabl for UI/E2E), and challenges including human validation requirements.
+
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/best-uat-testing-software-tools
+  Compares 12 UAT testing software tools in 2026 — Keploy, TestRail, PractiTest, Zephyr Scale, Cucumber, TestLink, Testomat, BrowserStack Test Management, BugHerd, QA Wolf, Azure Test Plans, and Panaya — with a comparison table by open-source status, automation support, CI/CD integration, and pricing. Covers what UAT testing software does, selection criteria, and how AI is changing the UAT process.
 
-- Main site: https://keploy.io
-- Documentation: https://keploy.io/docs
-- Comparisons: https://keploy.io/compare
-- FAQ: https://keploy.io/faq
-- Cloud Platform: https://app.keploy.io
-- GitHub: https://github.com/keploy/keploy
-- Landing Site LLM Context: https://keploy.io/llms-full.txt
-- Documentation LLM Context: https://keploy.io/docs/llms-full.txt
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/top-10-open-source-automation-tools
+  Profiles 10 open-source automation tools with a comparison table by category, language support, and pricing: Keploy (API automation, auto-generated tests), Selenium (cross-browser UI), Cypress (frontend JavaScript), Playwright (cross-browser including Safari), Appium (mobile), Robot Framework (keyword-driven), SoapUI (SOAP/REST), k6 (performance/load), Apache JMeter (enterprise load testing), and Pytest (Python testing). Covers how to choose by testing type, community health, CI/CD integration, and team skill level.
 
-## Contact
+- https://keploy.io/blog/community/ai-for-coding
+  Reviews 19 AI coding tools tested hands-on in 2026 — Cursor, Keploy, GitHub Copilot, Bolt, Gemini 2.5 Pro, ChatGPT 5, Claude CLI Code, Claude Sonnet 4, Vercel v0, JetBrains AI, Windsurf, Replit, Amazon Q Developer, OpenAI Codex, DeepCode AI, IntelliCode, Gemini CLI, Builder.io, and Lovable — with pricing, features, pros/cons, and personal experience notes for each. Summary comparison table included.
 
-- Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/Keployio
-- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keploy/
-- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@keploy
-- Discord: https://discord.gg/keploy
-- Email: support@keploy.io
diff --git a/public/llms.txt b/public/llms.txt
index 8376a3906..a1953c42b 100644
--- a/public/llms.txt
+++ b/public/llms.txt
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ contributors, and guest writers.
 - Sitemap: https://keploy.io/blog/sitemap.xml
 - CMS: Headless WordPress with WPGraphQL (content API at https://wp.keploy.io/graphql)
 - Framework: Next.js (Pages Router) with server-side rendering and ISR
+- Structured data: schema.org JSON-LD in the server-rendered HTML of every page
+  (per-page type map and attribution guidance in llms-full.txt)
 
 ## Top Categories
 
diff --git a/scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs b/scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs
index 0d4dadce0..0491c87d7 100644
--- a/scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs
+++ b/scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-import { mkdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { mkdir, writeFile, readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
 
 const PAGE_SIZE = 100;
 const FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
 const VALID_CATEGORIES = new Set(["community", "technology"]);
+// Next.js basePath: next.config.js redirect `source`s omit it ("/community/…"),
+// while vercel.json redirects and the emitted <loc>s carry it ("/blog/…").
+const BASE_PATH = "/blog";
 
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const repoRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, "..");
@@ -152,7 +155,114 @@ async function fetchAllPosts(endpoint) {
   return posts;
 }
 
-function buildEntries(posts, mainSiteUrl) {
+function normalizePath(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== "string" || value === "") return "";
+  let out = value.split("#")[0].split("?")[0];
+  if (!out.startsWith("/")) out = `/${out}`;
+  if (out.length > 1 && out.endsWith("/")) out = out.slice(0, -1);
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Build one exact-match source→destination path map from every redirect source
+// the site actually serves (vercel.json + next.config.js). The sitemap must
+// list the FINAL URL, not one that 301s — SEMrush flags redirecting <loc>s as
+// "incorrect pages in sitemap". Only literal paths are used; any source with a
+// regex/param token is skipped so we never rewrite a URL by accident.
+async function loadRedirectMap() {
+  const map = new Map();
+  const add = (r, prefix = "") => {
+    if (!r || typeof r.source !== "string" || typeof r.destination !== "string") return;
+    // Conditional redirects (has/missing) only fire for some requests, so we
+    // can't fold them into the sitemap unconditionally — skip them.
+    if (r.has || r.missing) return;
+    // Absolute destinations leave the site; normalizePath would mangle them into
+    // "/blog/https:/…", so skip — the target isn't a same-site path to rewrite.
+    if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(r.destination)) return;
+    if (/[()*:?[\]+|]/.test(r.source)) return; // literal sources only
+    // basePath:false means the rule isn't served under /blog, so don't prepend it.
+    const usePrefix = r.basePath === false ? "" : prefix;
+    const from = normalizePath(`${usePrefix}${r.source}`);
+    const to = normalizePath(`${usePrefix}${r.destination}`);
+    if (from && to && from !== to) map.set(from, to);
+  };
+
+  // vercel.json — sources already include the /blog basePath.
+  try {
+    const vercel = JSON.parse(
+      await readFile(path.join(repoRoot, "vercel.json"), "utf8")
+    );
+    for (const r of vercel.redirects ?? []) add(r);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Fail loud, don't warn-and-continue: an incomplete map silently emits
+    // redirecting <loc>s — the exact SEO regression this script exists to
+    // prevent — and sync-sitemap.yml auto-commits the output to main, so a
+    // swallowed error would ship a degraded sitemap with no human in the loop.
+    throw new Error(
+      `[generate-sitemap] Could not read vercel.json redirects: ${error.message}`,
+      { cause: error },
+    );
+  }
+
+  // next.config.js redirects() — sources omit the basePath, so prepend it.
+  try {
+    const configUrl = pathToFileURL(path.join(repoRoot, "next.config.js")).href;
+    const nextConfig = (await import(configUrl)).default;
+    const list =
+      typeof nextConfig?.redirects === "function" ? await nextConfig.redirects() : [];
+    for (const r of list ?? []) add(r, BASE_PATH);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Same rationale as the vercel.json load above — an unreadable config means
+    // an incomplete redirect map, so fail rather than ship a degraded sitemap.
+    throw new Error(
+      `[generate-sitemap] Could not load next.config.js redirects: ${error.message}`,
+      { cause: error },
+    );
+  }
+
+  return map;
+}
+
+// Follow the redirect chain to its final path (cap hops + guard cycles).
+function resolveLoc(loc, redirectMap, mainSiteUrl) {
+  if (!loc.startsWith(mainSiteUrl)) return loc;
+  let p = normalizePath(loc.slice(mainSiteUrl.length));
+  const seen = new Set();
+  let hops = 0;
+  while (redirectMap.has(p) && hops < 10 && !seen.has(p)) {
+    seen.add(p);
+    p = redirectMap.get(p);
+    hops += 1;
+  }
+  // If the map still has `p`, we bailed on the hop cap or a cycle rather than a
+  // real terminus — the emitted <loc> may still 301. Surface it in the log.
+  if (redirectMap.has(p)) {
+    console.warn(
+      `[generate-sitemap] redirect chain for ${loc} did not terminate (hop cap or cycle); emitting ${mainSiteUrl}${p}, which may still redirect.`,
+    );
+  }
+  return `${mainSiteUrl}${p}`;
+}
+
+// The category segment of a resolved /blog/<category>/<slug> loc, or null. Used
+// to bucket lastmod by where the post ACTUALLY lives after redirects, not where
+// WordPress filed it (a /community post can 301 to /technology).
+function categoryFromLoc(loc, mainSiteUrl) {
+  const p = normalizePath(loc.startsWith(mainSiteUrl) ? loc.slice(mainSiteUrl.length) : loc);
+  const m = p.match(/^\/blog\/([^/]+)\//);
+  return m && VALID_CATEGORIES.has(m[1]) ? m[1] : null;
+}
+
+// The category of a resolved archive-root loc (/blog/<category>, no slug).
+// categoryFromLoc intentionally only matches post URLs (/blog/<category>/<slug>);
+// this covers the static roots so a redirected root buckets lastmod by where it
+// actually lands, not where it started.
+function archiveRootCategory(loc, mainSiteUrl) {
+  const p = normalizePath(loc.startsWith(mainSiteUrl) ? loc.slice(mainSiteUrl.length) : loc);
+  const m = p.match(/^\/blog\/([^/]+)\/?$/);
+  return m && VALID_CATEGORIES.has(m[1]) ? m[1] : null;
+}
+
+function buildEntries(posts, mainSiteUrl, redirectMap = new Map()) {
   const today = new Date().toISOString().split("T")[0];
 
   const staticEntries = [
@@ -175,7 +285,13 @@ function buildEntries(posts, mainSiteUrl) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    const loc = `${mainSiteUrl}/blog/${category}/${post.slug}`;
+    // Resolve through the site's own redirects so we never emit a URL that
+    // 301s (e.g. a slug change, or a /community/ post moved to /technology/).
+    const loc = resolveLoc(
+      `${mainSiteUrl}/blog/${category}/${post.slug}`,
+      redirectMap,
+      mainSiteUrl,
+    );
     if (seen.has(loc)) {
       continue;
     }
@@ -208,8 +324,11 @@ function buildEntries(posts, mainSiteUrl) {
       normalizeLastmod(post.modified) !== null ||
       normalizeLastmod(post.date) !== null;
     if (isFromWordPress) {
-      if (!latestByCategory.has(category) || lastmod > latestByCategory.get(category)) {
-        latestByCategory.set(category, lastmod);
+      // Bucket by the RESOLVED category so a /community post that 301s to
+      // /technology updates technology's lastmod, not community's.
+      const resolvedCategory = categoryFromLoc(loc, mainSiteUrl) ?? category;
+      if (!latestByCategory.has(resolvedCategory) || lastmod > latestByCategory.get(resolvedCategory)) {
+        latestByCategory.set(resolvedCategory, lastmod);
       }
       if (!latestOverall || lastmod > latestOverall) {
         latestOverall = lastmod;
@@ -219,13 +338,34 @@ function buildEntries(posts, mainSiteUrl) {
 
   const fallbackLastmod = latestOverall ?? today;
 
-  const resolvedStaticEntries = staticEntries.map(({ loc, priority, category }) => ({
-    loc,
-    priority,
-    lastmod: category
-      ? latestByCategory.get(category) ?? fallbackLastmod
-      : fallbackLastmod,
-  }));
+  // Resolve static entries through the redirect map too — none redirect today,
+  // so this is hardening against a future rule moving /blog/community etc.
+  const staticSeen = new Set();
+  const resolvedStaticEntries = [];
+  for (const { loc, priority, category } of staticEntries) {
+    const resolvedLoc = resolveLoc(loc, redirectMap, mainSiteUrl);
+    // Dedup: a future redirect could collapse an archive root onto another
+    // static entry or a post URL — each <loc> must appear once (the same
+    // duplicate-<loc> failure N3 fixed for posts, one layer up).
+    if (staticSeen.has(resolvedLoc) || seen.has(resolvedLoc)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    staticSeen.add(resolvedLoc);
+    // Bucket lastmod by where the entry RESOLVES to, not where it started: a
+    // redirected /blog/community must carry its destination's lastmod, not
+    // community's. Fall back to the declared category, then fallbackLastmod.
+    const resolvedCategory =
+      categoryFromLoc(resolvedLoc, mainSiteUrl) ??
+      archiveRootCategory(resolvedLoc, mainSiteUrl) ??
+      category;
+    resolvedStaticEntries.push({
+      loc: resolvedLoc,
+      priority,
+      lastmod: resolvedCategory
+        ? latestByCategory.get(resolvedCategory) ?? fallbackLastmod
+        : fallbackLastmod,
+    });
+  }
 
   postEntries.sort((left, right) => left.loc.localeCompare(right.loc));
   return [...resolvedStaticEntries, ...postEntries];
@@ -258,7 +398,8 @@ function buildSitemapXml(entries) {
 async function main() {
   const endpoint = requireWordPressEndpoint();
   const posts = await fetchAllPosts(endpoint);
-  const xml = buildSitemapXml(buildEntries(posts, MAIN_SITE_URL));
+  const redirectMap = await loadRedirectMap();
+  const xml = buildSitemapXml(buildEntries(posts, MAIN_SITE_URL, redirectMap));
 
   await mkdir(path.dirname(outputPath), { recursive: true });
   await writeFile(outputPath, xml, "utf8");
@@ -268,10 +409,20 @@ async function main() {
   );
 }
 
-main().catch((error) => {
-  console.error("[generate-sitemap] Failed:", error);
-  console.error(
-    "[generate-sitemap] Next step: confirm WORDPRESS_API_URL is set, reachable, and returns valid WPGraphQL data."
-  );
-  process.exitCode = 1;
-});
+// Only fetch WordPress + write the file when run directly (npm run
+// generate:sitemap). Importing the module (e.g. to unit-test the redirect
+// resolver) must not trigger a network build.
+const invokedDirectly =
+  process.argv[1] && path.resolve(process.argv[1]) === fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+
+if (invokedDirectly) {
+  main().catch((error) => {
+    console.error("[generate-sitemap] Failed:", error);
+    console.error(
+      "[generate-sitemap] Next step: confirm WORDPRESS_API_URL is set, reachable, and returns valid WPGraphQL data."
+    );
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  });
+}
+
+export { normalizePath, loadRedirectMap, resolveLoc, buildEntries, categoryFromLoc };
diff --git a/tests/lib/contentSchema.test.ts b/tests/lib/contentSchema.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..300445e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/contentSchema.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for the server-safe content extractors (contentSchema.ts).
+ * Run via: `npm run test:unit`.
+ */
+
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { detectCodeLanguages, extractFaqs, countWords } from "../../utils/contentSchema";
+
+test("detectCodeLanguages dedupes and normalizes language- classes", () => {
+  const html = `<pre class="language-go"></pre><code class="language-py"></code><pre class="language-golang"></pre>`;
+  const langs = detectCodeLanguages(html);
+  assert.deepEqual([...langs].sort(), ["Go", "Python"]);
+});
+
+test("detectCodeLanguages returns empty for no code", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(detectCodeLanguages("<p>no code here</p>"), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(detectCodeLanguages(undefined), []);
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs pulls Q&A only from an explicit FAQ section, needs >= 2", () => {
+  const html = `
+    <h2>Intro</h2><p>Some framing prose that is not a FAQ answer at all.</p>
+    <h2>Frequently Asked Questions</h2>
+    <h3>What is API testing?</h3><p>It validates API behavior against expectations.</p>
+    <h3>How does Keploy record traffic?</h3><p>It captures real calls and turns them into test cases automatically.</p>
+    <h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Wrap up prose.</p>
+  `;
+  const faqs = extractFaqs(html);
+  assert.equal(faqs.length, 2);
+  assert.equal(faqs[0].question, "What is API testing?");
+  assert.ok(faqs[0].answer.includes("validates API behavior"));
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs requires the FAQ marker — stray '?' headings are ignored", () => {
+  // Two question headings but NO FAQ marker section → nothing (this was the
+  // over-eager scrape the review flagged).
+  const noMarker = `
+    <h2>What is X?</h2><p>An answer long enough to pass the length gate here.</p>
+    <h2>Why does Y matter?</h2><p>Another sufficiently long answer paragraph here.</p>
+  `;
+  assert.deepEqual(extractFaqs(noMarker), []);
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs accepts questions at the same heading level as the marker", () => {
+  const html = `
+    <h2>FAQ</h2>
+    <h2>What is API testing?</h2><p>It validates API behavior against expectations.</p>
+    <h2>How does Keploy help?</h2><p>It generates tests and mocks from real traffic.</p>
+    <h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Not part of the FAQ.</p>
+  `;
+  const faqs = extractFaqs(html);
+  assert.equal(faqs.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(!faqs.some((f) => f.question.toLowerCase().includes("conclusion")));
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs answers skip code/tables, taking paragraph text only", () => {
+  const html = `
+    <h2>FAQ</h2>
+    <h3>How do I install it?</h3>
+    <pre><code>npm install keploy && keploy --version</code></pre>
+    <p>Run the installer, then verify the version from your terminal.</p>
+    <h3>Is it open source?</h3><p>Yes, the core is open source on GitHub.</p>
+  `;
+  const faqs = extractFaqs(html);
+  assert.equal(faqs.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(!faqs[0].answer.includes("npm install"), "code block must not leak into the answer");
+  assert.ok(faqs[0].answer.includes("Run the installer"));
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs includes <li> list answers (WP FAQ sections often use bullets)", () => {
+  const html = `
+    <h2>FAQ</h2>
+    <h3>What does Keploy record?</h3><ul><li>HTTP calls and their dependencies during a real run.</li></ul>
+    <h3>Does it need code changes?</h3><ul><li>No code changes are required to start recording.</li></ul>
+  `;
+  const faqs = extractFaqs(html);
+  assert.equal(faqs.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(faqs[0].answer.includes("HTTP calls"), "bulleted answer must be captured");
+  assert.ok(faqs[1].answer.includes("No code changes"));
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs decodes &lt;/&gt; so answers carry real angle brackets, not entities", () => {
+  const html = `
+    <h2>FAQ</h2>
+    <h3>How do I start recording traffic?</h3><p>Run &lt;keploy record&gt; in your terminal to begin.</p>
+    <h3>Is it open source?</h3><p>Yes, the core is open source on GitHub for everyone.</p>
+  `;
+  const faqs = extractFaqs(html);
+  assert.equal(faqs.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(faqs[0].answer.includes("<keploy record>"), "angle brackets should be decoded");
+  assert.ok(!faqs[0].answer.includes("&lt;"), "no literal entity should remain");
+});
+
+test("extractFaqs returns empty for an FAQ marker with fewer than 2 pairs", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    extractFaqs("<h2>FAQ</h2><h3>What is X?</h3><p>An answer long enough here to pass.</p>"),
+    [],
+  );
+});
+
+test("countWords ignores HTML tags and entities, counts real words", () => {
+  assert.equal(countWords("<p>Hello <strong>world</strong> here</p>"), 3);
+  assert.equal(countWords("one&nbsp;two &amp; three"), 4);
+});
+
+test("countWords is 0 for empty/nullish input", () => {
+  assert.equal(countWords(""), 0);
+  assert.equal(countWords(null), 0);
+  assert.equal(countWords(undefined), 0);
+  assert.equal(countWords("<div></div>"), 0);
+});
+
+test("detectCodeLanguages recognizes c++ / c# / csharp classes", () => {
+  const html = `<pre class="language-c++"></pre><code class="language-c#"></code><pre class="language-csharp"></pre>`;
+  assert.deepEqual([...detectCodeLanguages(html)].sort(), ["C#", "C++"]);
+});
+
+test("countWords survives malformed numeric entities without throwing", () => {
+  assert.doesNotThrow(() => countWords("&#9999999999; hello world"));
+  assert.equal(countWords("&#9999999999; hello world"), 2);
+});
diff --git a/tests/lib/generateSitemap.test.ts b/tests/lib/generateSitemap.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8e364ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/generateSitemap.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for the sitemap redirect resolver (scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs).
+ *
+ * Run via: `npm run test:unit`
+ *
+ * The resolver parses 37+ redirects from vercel.json + next.config.js and
+ * applies them to every production <loc>. A regression here silently ships a
+ * redirecting URL (SEMrush "incorrect pages in sitemap") or files a post's
+ * lastmod under the wrong category — neither fails loudly. These tests pin the
+ * pure logic (network + file IO stay in main(), which only runs when invoked
+ * directly).
+ */
+
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+
+import {
+  normalizePath,
+  resolveLoc,
+  categoryFromLoc,
+  buildEntries,
+} from "../../scripts/generate-sitemap.mjs";
+
+const SITE = "https://keploy.io";
+
+test("normalizePath strips hash/query, adds leading slash, drops trailing slash", () => {
+  assert.equal(normalizePath("/blog/technology/x/"), "/blog/technology/x");
+  assert.equal(normalizePath("/blog/x?utm=1#top"), "/blog/x");
+  assert.equal(normalizePath("blog/x"), "/blog/x");
+  assert.equal(normalizePath("/"), "/");
+  assert.equal(normalizePath(""), "");
+});
+
+test("resolveLoc follows a redirect chain to its final path", () => {
+  const map = new Map([
+    ["/blog/community/a", "/blog/technology/a"],
+    ["/blog/technology/a", "/blog/technology/a-final"],
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveLoc(`${SITE}/blog/community/a`, map, SITE),
+    `${SITE}/blog/technology/a-final`,
+  );
+});
+
+test("resolveLoc leaves non-site URLs and unmapped paths untouched", () => {
+  const map = new Map([["/blog/x", "/blog/y"]]);
+  assert.equal(resolveLoc("https://elsewhere.com/x", map, SITE), "https://elsewhere.com/x");
+  assert.equal(resolveLoc(`${SITE}/blog/keep`, map, SITE), `${SITE}/blog/keep`);
+});
+
+test("resolveLoc terminates on a redirect cycle instead of looping forever", () => {
+  const map = new Map([
+    ["/blog/a", "/blog/b"],
+    ["/blog/b", "/blog/a"],
+  ]);
+  // must return (not hang); the emitted path is still one of the cycle nodes
+  const out = resolveLoc(`${SITE}/blog/a`, map, SITE);
+  assert.ok(out.startsWith(`${SITE}/blog/`));
+});
+
+test("categoryFromLoc reads the category from a resolved loc", () => {
+  assert.equal(categoryFromLoc(`${SITE}/blog/technology/x`, SITE), "technology");
+  assert.equal(categoryFromLoc(`${SITE}/blog/community/x`, SITE), "community");
+  assert.equal(categoryFromLoc(`${SITE}/blog/unknown/x`, SITE), null);
+  assert.equal(categoryFromLoc(`${SITE}/blog/technology`, SITE), null); // no slug segment
+});
+
+test("buildEntries buckets lastmod by the RESOLVED category (N3 regression)", () => {
+  // Two community posts: one stays, one 301s to /technology with a newer date.
+  // The newer date must lift TECHNOLOGY's lastmod (its resolved home); community
+  // must keep its own genuine date. The old bug filed the newer date under
+  // community, which this pins against.
+  const posts = [
+    {
+      slug: "stays",
+      modified: "2021-01-01T00:00:00",
+      date: "2021-01-01T00:00:00",
+      categories: { edges: [{ node: { slug: "community" } }] },
+    },
+    {
+      slug: "moved",
+      modified: "2026-08-01T00:00:00",
+      date: "2020-01-01T00:00:00",
+      categories: { edges: [{ node: { slug: "community" } }] },
+    },
+  ];
+  const redirectMap = new Map([
+    ["/blog/community/moved", "/blog/technology/moved"],
+  ]);
+  const entries = buildEntries(posts, SITE, redirectMap);
+
+  const tech = entries.find((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/technology`);
+  const community = entries.find((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/community`);
+  assert.equal(tech.lastmod, "2026-08-01", "resolved category gets the moved post's lastmod");
+  assert.equal(community.lastmod, "2021-01-01", "origin category keeps its own date, not the moved post's");
+
+  // and the moved post is emitted at its resolved (non-redirecting) URL
+  assert.ok(entries.some((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/technology/moved`));
+  assert.ok(!entries.some((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/community/moved`));
+});
+
+test("buildEntries resolves + dedups a redirected archive root, bucketing by resolved category (R3)", () => {
+  // /blog/community 301s to /blog/technology. The static root entry must be
+  // emitted at the resolved URL, carry TECHNOLOGY's lastmod (not community's),
+  // and NOT duplicate the existing /blog/technology root — the same bug shape
+  // N3 fixed, one layer up (static entries instead of posts).
+  const posts = [
+    {
+      slug: "tpost",
+      modified: "2026-08-01T00:00:00",
+      date: "2026-08-01T00:00:00",
+      categories: { edges: [{ node: { slug: "technology" } }] },
+    },
+  ];
+  const redirectMap = new Map([["/blog/community", "/blog/technology"]]);
+  const entries = buildEntries(posts, SITE, redirectMap);
+
+  const techRoots = entries.filter((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/technology`);
+  assert.equal(techRoots.length, 1, "the redirected root must not duplicate /blog/technology");
+  assert.equal(techRoots[0].lastmod, "2026-08-01", "resolved root carries technology's lastmod");
+  assert.ok(
+    !entries.some((e) => e.loc === `${SITE}/blog/community`),
+    "the pre-redirect community root must not be emitted",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/tests/lib/resolveAuthorAvatar.test.ts b/tests/lib/resolveAuthorAvatar.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eecc03f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/resolveAuthorAvatar.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for resolveAuthorAvatar (lib/constants).
+ *
+ * Run via: `npm run test:unit`
+ *
+ * Several WordPress authors carry junk in ppmaAuthorImage — the literal strings
+ * "imag1" / "image", "n/a", or empty. Passing those to next/image renders
+ * /_next/image?url=imag1 → HTTP 400 → a broken byline avatar on every post that
+ * author wrote (22 authors were affected). These cases pin that any non-URL value
+ * collapses to the placeholder, while a genuine URL passes through untouched.
+ */
+
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { resolveAuthorAvatar, AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER } from "../../lib/constants";
+
+test("junk WordPress values fall back to the placeholder (the 22-author bug)", () => {
+  for (const junk of ["imag1", "image", "n/a", "", "   ", "img", "author"]) {
+    assert.equal(
+      resolveAuthorAvatar(junk),
+      AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER,
+      `"${junk}" must resolve to the placeholder, not a broken next/image src`,
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+test("null / undefined resolve to the placeholder", () => {
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar(undefined), AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER);
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar(null), AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER);
+});
+
+test("a genuine http(s) avatar URL passes through unchanged", () => {
+  const real = "https://wp.keploy.io/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Sancharini-Panda.webp";
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar(real), real);
+  // trims surrounding whitespace but keeps the URL
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar(`  ${real}  `), real);
+});
+
+test("a root-relative local path (incl. the placeholder itself) passes through", () => {
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar("/blog/images/author.webp"), "/blog/images/author.webp");
+  assert.equal(resolveAuthorAvatar(AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER), AUTHOR_AVATAR_PLACEHOLDER);
+});
diff --git a/tests/lib/seo.test.ts b/tests/lib/seo.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2a53b6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/seo.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for buildPageTitle (A3 — "title too long", 113 posts).
+ * Run via: `npm run test:unit`. Pins the ≤60-char invariant so a regression
+ * in the truncation logic fails CI instead of silently shipping long titles.
+ */
+
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { buildPageTitle } from "../../utils/seo";
+
+test("short title keeps the ' | Keploy Blog' suffix", () => {
+  assert.equal(buildPageTitle("Unit Testing 101"), "Unit Testing 101 | Keploy Blog");
+});
+
+test("a title that fits without the suffix drops the suffix rather than overflow", () => {
+  // 52 chars — adding the 14-char suffix would exceed 60, so suffix is dropped.
+  const title = "A Fairly Long Blog Post Title About API Testing Here";
+  const out = buildPageTitle(title);
+  assert.ok(out.length <= 60);
+  assert.equal(out, title);
+});
+
+test("an over-long title is truncated at a word boundary, never mid-word", () => {
+  const raw =
+    "The Complete Definitive Comprehensive Guide To End To End Integration Testing In Modern Microservices";
+  const out = buildPageTitle(raw);
+  assert.ok(out.length <= 60, `got ${out.length}`);
+  assert.ok(!out.endsWith(" "));
+  // Actually prove the cut landed on a word boundary: the output is a prefix of
+  // the input and the very next character in the input is a space.
+  assert.ok(raw.startsWith(out), "output must be a prefix of the input");
+  assert.equal(raw[out.length], " ", "the char after the cut is a space (word boundary)");
+});
+
+test("null/undefined/empty falls back to a valid title", () => {
+  assert.equal(buildPageTitle(undefined), "Keploy Blog");
+  assert.equal(buildPageTitle(null), "Keploy Blog");
+  assert.equal(buildPageTitle(""), "Keploy Blog");
+});
+
+test("output is always within the 60-char SERP limit", () => {
+  for (const t of [
+    "x",
+    "A".repeat(200),
+    "word ".repeat(50),
+    "Exactly Sixty Characters Would Go Right About Here Or So Yes!!",
+  ]) {
+    assert.ok(buildPageTitle(t).length <= 60, `too long for input len ${t.length}`);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/tests/lib/structuredData.test.ts b/tests/lib/structuredData.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71d5c44f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/lib/structuredData.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for getBlogPostingSchema hardening (A1 / AI1).
+ *
+ * Run via: `npm run test:unit`
+ *
+ * WordPress returns null/malformed values (featuredImage, date, author,
+ * excerpt) on many older/migrated posts, and SEMrush flagged 362 posts with
+ * invalid structured data as a result. These cases pin the contract that ANY
+ * input — including all-null — still produces a schema.org-valid Article, so a
+ * regression in the builder's fallbacks fails CI immediately rather than
+ * silently shipping invalid schema.
+ */
+
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import {
+  getBlogPostingSchema,
+  getOrganizationSchema,
+  getBlogSchema,
+  getWebSiteSchema,
+  getCollectionPageSchema,
+  getSearchResultsPageSchema,
+  getItemListSchema,
+  getReviewSchema,
+  getSoftwareApplicationSchema,
+  ORG_ID,
+  BLOG_ID,
+  WEBSITE_ID,
+  SOFTWARE_ID,
+  DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL,
+  AUTHOR_FALLBACK_NAME,
+} from "../../lib/structured-data";
+
+const isValidISODate = (v: unknown): boolean =>
+  typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0 && !isNaN(new Date(v).getTime());
+
+// The worst case: a migrated post where WP returned nulls for everything.
+const nullPost = getBlogPostingSchema({
+  title: "A Post With Missing Data",
+  url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/some-post",
+  datePublished: "",
+  imageUrl: undefined,
+  authorName: undefined,
+  description: undefined,
+});
+
+test("image is always emitted as an ImageObject, even when featuredImage is null", () => {
+  assert.ok(nullPost.image, "image must be present");
+  const image = nullPost.image as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(image["@type"], "ImageObject");
+  assert.equal(image.url, DEFAULT_ARTICLE_IMAGE_URL);
+});
+
+test("a real featuredImage is used and carries the title as caption", () => {
+  const withImage = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Real Image Post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/x",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    imageUrl: "https://wp.keploy.io/wp-content/uploads/real.png",
+  });
+  const image = withImage.image as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(image.url, "https://wp.keploy.io/wp-content/uploads/real.png");
+  assert.equal(image.caption, "Real Image Post");
+});
+
+test("dates are omitted (never fabricated) when WP gives nothing usable", () => {
+  // The builder must not invent a date via new Date() — that ran in the page
+  // render body and caused an ld+json hydration mismatch + a publish date that
+  // drifted on every ISR revalidate. A missing date is a soft warning; a
+  // fabricated one is invalid data.
+  assert.ok(!("datePublished" in nullPost), "no fabricated datePublished");
+  assert.ok(!("dateModified" in nullPost), "no fabricated dateModified");
+});
+
+test("a valid date is emitted as ISO and dateModified falls back to it", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Dated post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/dated",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+  });
+  assert.ok(isValidISODate(post.datePublished), "datePublished must be valid ISO");
+  assert.equal(post.dateModified, post.datePublished);
+});
+
+test("an invalid datePublished falls back to a valid dateModified", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Bad publish date",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/y",
+    datePublished: "not-a-date",
+    dateModified: "2023-05-06",
+  });
+  assert.ok(isValidISODate(post.datePublished));
+  assert.equal(
+    new Date(post.datePublished as string).getUTCFullYear(),
+    2023,
+  );
+});
+
+test("a missing author falls back to a url-less Keploy Team Person (no soft-404 link)", () => {
+  const author = nullPost.author as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(author["@type"], "Person");
+  assert.equal(author.name, AUTHOR_FALLBACK_NAME);
+  // The fallback has no /authors/{slug} page, so it must not link out to one.
+  assert.ok(!("url" in author), "fallback author must be url-less");
+  assert.ok(!("@id" in author), "fallback author carries no profile @id");
+});
+
+test("a real author gets its /authors/{slug} profile url and @id", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Named author post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/named",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    authorName: "Jane Doe",
+  });
+  const author = post.author as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(author.url, "https://keploy.io/blog/authors/jane-doe");
+  assert.equal(author["@id"], "https://keploy.io/blog/authors/jane-doe#person");
+  const worksFor = author.worksFor as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(worksFor["@id"], ORG_ID);
+});
+
+test("description is stripped of HTML tags before entering the schema", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "HTML excerpt",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/z",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    description: "<p>Hello <strong>world</strong> &amp; more</p>",
+  });
+  const desc = post.description as string;
+  assert.ok(!/[<>]/.test(desc), "no raw HTML tags should remain");
+  assert.ok(desc.includes("Hello world"), "text content is preserved");
+});
+
+test("publisher and the Organization node share one stable @id", () => {
+  const org = getOrganizationSchema();
+  assert.equal(org["@id"], ORG_ID);
+  const publisher = nullPost.publisher as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(publisher["@id"], ORG_ID);
+});
+
+test("the Blog node and every isPartOf reference share one stable @id", () => {
+  const blog = getBlogSchema();
+  assert.equal(blog["@id"], BLOG_ID);
+  const isPartOf = nullPost.isPartOf as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(isPartOf["@id"], BLOG_ID, "a post's isPartOf must reference the Blog entity");
+  const collection = getCollectionPageSchema({
+    name: "Technology",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/technology",
+    items: [],
+  });
+  const collectionIsPartOf = collection.isPartOf as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(collectionIsPartOf["@id"], BLOG_ID, "a listing's isPartOf must reference it too");
+});
+
+test("the WebSite node and the search page's isPartOf share one stable @id", () => {
+  assert.equal(getWebSiteSchema()["@id"], WEBSITE_ID);
+  const search = getSearchResultsPageSchema({ url: "https://keploy.io/blog/search" });
+  const searchIsPartOf = search.isPartOf as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(searchIsPartOf["@id"], WEBSITE_ID);
+});
+
+test("the author Person links to the same Organization @id via worksFor", () => {
+  const author = nullPost.author as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const worksFor = author.worksFor as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.ok(worksFor, "author must carry a worksFor affiliation");
+  assert.equal(worksFor["@type"], "Organization");
+  assert.equal(worksFor["@id"], ORG_ID);
+});
+
+test("core required Article fields are always present", () => {
+  // datePublished intentionally excluded — it's omitted, not fabricated, when
+  // WP has no usable date (see the date-omission test above).
+  for (const field of ["@context", "@type", "headline", "author", "publisher", "image"]) {
+    assert.ok(nullPost[field] !== undefined, `${field} must be present`);
+  }
+});
+
+test("technology posts render as TechArticle", () => {
+  const tech = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Tech post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/technology/x",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    categorySlug: "technology",
+  });
+  assert.equal(tech["@type"], "TechArticle");
+});
+
+test("getItemListSchema returns null when no items survive the name/url filter", () => {
+  // An ItemList with an empty itemListElement is invalid schema — the builder
+  // must return null (e.g. an author whose posts all have null titles).
+  assert.equal(getItemListSchema([]), null);
+  assert.equal(getItemListSchema([{ url: "", name: "" }]), null);
+  const ok = getItemListSchema([{ url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/x", name: "X" }]);
+  assert.ok(ok && (ok as any).itemListElement.length === 1);
+});
+
+test("getItemListSchema declares numberOfItems matching the surviving elements", () => {
+  const list = getItemListSchema([
+    { url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/a", name: "A" },
+    { url: "", name: "dropped" }, // filtered out
+    { url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/b", name: "B" },
+  ]) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  // numberOfItems must reflect what actually shipped, not the raw input length.
+  assert.equal(list.numberOfItems, 2);
+  assert.equal((list.itemListElement as unknown[]).length, 2);
+});
+
+test("getCollectionPageSchema's ItemList carries a matching numberOfItems", () => {
+  const collection = getCollectionPageSchema({
+    name: "Community",
+    url: `${"https://keploy.io/blog"}/community`,
+    items: [
+      { url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/a", name: "A" },
+      { url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/b", name: "B" },
+    ],
+  }) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const mainEntity = collection.mainEntity as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(mainEntity.numberOfItems, 2);
+});
+
+test("getBlogPostingSchema marks the article as free to read", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "A Free Post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/free-post",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-01",
+  });
+  // The blog content is free (distinct from the paid-tier product, which
+  // deliberately omits this on getSoftwareApplicationSchema).
+  assert.equal(post.isAccessibleForFree, true);
+});
+
+test("getWebSiteSchema links to the Keploy Organization by the shared @id", () => {
+  const site = getWebSiteSchema();
+  const publisher = site.publisher as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(publisher["@type"], "Organization");
+  assert.equal(publisher["@id"], ORG_ID);
+  assert.equal(site.inLanguage, "en-US");
+});
+
+// Review schema (home testimonials). The community wall carries no star
+// values, so these pin that the builder emits VALID, rating-less reviews and
+// never fabricates a Rating/AggregateRating (which require a ratingValue and
+// would re-introduce the invalid-structured-data failures this branch clears).
+const sampleReviews = [
+  { author: "Jay Vasant", body: "Keploy makes maintaining tests far easier.", url: "https://x.com/a/status/1" },
+  { author: "matsuu", body: "eBPF-based test generation is amazing." },
+];
+
+test("getReviewSchema returns null when there are no usable reviews", () => {
+  assert.equal(getReviewSchema([]), null);
+  assert.equal(getReviewSchema([{ author: "", body: "" }]), null);
+});
+
+test("reviews attach to the Keploy Organization by the shared @id (no fragmentation)", () => {
+  const node = getReviewSchema(sampleReviews) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(node["@type"], "Organization");
+  assert.equal(node["@id"], ORG_ID);
+  assert.ok(Array.isArray(node.review));
+});
+
+test("entries missing an author or body are dropped", () => {
+  const node = getReviewSchema([
+    ...sampleReviews,
+    { author: "No body", body: "" },
+    { author: "", body: "No author" },
+  ]) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal((node.review as unknown[]).length, sampleReviews.length);
+});
+
+test("each Review is valid and rating-less, url only when present", () => {
+  const node = getReviewSchema(sampleReviews) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const reviews = node.review as Record<string, unknown>[];
+  for (const r of reviews) {
+    assert.equal(r["@type"], "Review");
+    const author = r.author as Record<string, unknown>;
+    assert.equal(author["@type"], "Person");
+    assert.ok(typeof r.reviewBody === "string" && (r.reviewBody as string).length > 0);
+    assert.ok(!("reviewRating" in r), "no fabricated star rating");
+  }
+  assert.equal(reviews[0].url, sampleReviews[0].url);
+  assert.ok(!("url" in reviews[1]), "no url key when the source has none");
+  assert.ok(!("aggregateRating" in node), "no self-serving AggregateRating");
+});
+
+// ── SoftwareApplication (AI-citation entity anchor) ──────────────────────────
+
+test("getSoftwareApplicationSchema is a valid, price-less, rating-less software entity", () => {
+  const app = getSoftwareApplicationSchema() as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(app["@type"], "SoftwareApplication");
+  assert.equal(app["@id"], SOFTWARE_ID);
+  assert.equal(app.applicationCategory, "DeveloperApplication");
+  assert.ok(typeof app.operatingSystem === "string" && (app.operatingSystem as string).length > 0);
+  // No free/price claim: the node is named "Keploy" (the whole product), which
+  // ships paid tiers, so a blanket offers price 0 / isAccessibleForFree would
+  // be inaccurate. See PR review #6.
+  assert.ok(!("offers" in app), "no blanket price claim");
+  assert.ok(!("isAccessibleForFree" in app), "no blanket free claim");
+  // Shares the one Keploy Organization @id so the graph stays a single entity.
+  const publisher = app.publisher as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(publisher["@id"], ORG_ID);
+  assert.ok(Array.isArray(app.sameAs) && (app.sameAs as unknown[]).length > 0);
+  // Same policy as reviews/ratings: no fabricated aggregate rating.
+  assert.ok(!("aggregateRating" in app), "no self-serving AggregateRating");
+});
+
+// ── Article entity-graph + content signals ───────────────────────────────────
+
+test("every post mentions the single Keploy SoftwareApplication by @id", () => {
+  const mentions = (nullPost.mentions as Record<string, unknown>[]) || [];
+  assert.ok(mentions.length >= 1, "mentions must be present");
+  const soft = mentions.find((m) => m["@type"] === "SoftwareApplication");
+  assert.ok(soft, "a SoftwareApplication mention must exist");
+  assert.equal(soft!["@id"], SOFTWARE_ID);
+});
+
+test("post always declares inLanguage", () => {
+  assert.equal(nullPost.inLanguage, "en-US");
+});
+
+test("wordCount / timeRequired / keywords are emitted only when provided", () => {
+  // Omitted on the all-null post.
+  assert.ok(!("wordCount" in nullPost), "no wordCount when unset");
+  assert.ok(!("timeRequired" in nullPost), "no timeRequired when unset");
+  assert.ok(!("keywords" in nullPost), "no keywords when unset");
+
+  const rich = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Rich signals post",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/technology/rich",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    wordCount: 1200,
+    readingTimeMinutes: 7,
+    keywords: ["Testing", "Go", "Testing", ""],
+  });
+  assert.equal(rich.wordCount, 1200);
+  assert.equal(rich.timeRequired, "PT7M");
+  // De-duped + empties dropped, comma-joined.
+  assert.equal(rich.keywords, "Testing, Go");
+});
+
+test("root-relative image URLs are coerced to absolute in the schema", () => {
+  const post = getBlogPostingSchema({
+    title: "Rel image",
+    url: "https://keploy.io/blog/community/rel",
+    datePublished: "2024-01-02",
+    imageUrl: "/blog/favicon/Group.png",
+  });
+  const image = post.image as Record<string, unknown>;
+  assert.equal(image.url, "https://keploy.io/blog/favicon/Group.png");
+});
diff --git a/tests/pages/AuthorDetailPage.spec.ts b/tests/pages/AuthorDetailPage.spec.ts
index 6956ff379..b2aa5a775 100644
--- a/tests/pages/AuthorDetailPage.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/pages/AuthorDetailPage.spec.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ test.describe('Author Detail Page - Component Availability', () => {
     await expect(firstAuthor).toBeVisible({ timeout: 15000 });
     await expect(firstAuthor).toBeEnabled();
     await firstAuthor.click();
+    // The click is a client-side transition, so the document never reloads.
+    // Wait for the route itself, otherwise assertions can run against /authors.
+    await page.waitForURL(/\/authors\/.+/, { timeout: 30000 });
     await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
   });
 
@@ -31,23 +34,28 @@ test.describe('Author Detail Page - Component Availability', () => {
     // resolve the author entity and weight the authority of the posts
     // they cite. This test asserts the schema is present in the HTML
     // payload so it reaches AI crawlers before any hydration.
-    const personSchemaCount = await page
-      .locator('script[type="application/ld+json"]')
-      .evaluateAll((els) =>
-        els.filter((el) => {
+    // The Person is nested (ProfilePage.mainEntity), so walk the graph
+    // instead of only inspecting the top-level @type. Poll rather than read
+    // once: [slug] is an ISR fallback route, so the first paint after the
+    // client-side transition carries only the global Organization/Blog nodes.
+    const countPersonSchemas = () =>
+      page.locator('script[type="application/ld+json"]').evaluateAll((els) => {
+        const hasPerson = (node: unknown): boolean => {
+          if (Array.isArray(node)) return node.some(hasPerson);
+          if (!node || typeof node !== 'object') return false;
+          const obj = node as Record<string, unknown>;
+          if (obj['@type'] === 'Person') return true;
+          return Object.values(obj).some(hasPerson);
+        };
+        return els.filter((el) => {
           try {
-            const data = JSON.parse(el.textContent || '');
-            return (
-              data &&
-              (data['@type'] === 'Person' ||
-                (Array.isArray(data) && data.some((x: { '@type'?: string }) => x['@type'] === 'Person')))
-            );
+            return hasPerson(JSON.parse(el.textContent || ''));
           } catch {
             return false;
           }
-        }).length,
-      );
-    expect(personSchemaCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        }).length;
+      });
+    await expect.poll(countPersonSchemas, { timeout: 15000 }).toBeGreaterThan(0);
   });
 
   test('should render the Navigation component', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/utils/contentSchema.ts b/utils/contentSchema.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a38d760a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/contentSchema.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/**
+ * Server-safe extractors that turn raw WordPress post HTML into structured-data
+ * inputs. Regex-only (NO `document`) so they run in getStaticProps / SSR, unlike
+ * the client-only extractAuthorData. Conservative by design — they return empty
+ * when confidence is low so we never emit misleading schema.
+ */
+
+const LANG_ALIASES: Record<string, string> = {
+  js: "JavaScript",
+  javascript: "JavaScript",
+  jsx: "JavaScript",
+  ts: "TypeScript",
+  typescript: "TypeScript",
+  tsx: "TypeScript",
+  py: "Python",
+  python: "Python",
+  go: "Go",
+  golang: "Go",
+  rs: "Rust",
+  rust: "Rust",
+  java: "Java",
+  rb: "Ruby",
+  ruby: "Ruby",
+  php: "PHP",
+  c: "C",
+  cpp: "C++",
+  "c++": "C++",
+  cs: "C#",
+  "c#": "C#",
+  csharp: "C#",
+  sql: "SQL",
+  bash: "Shell",
+  sh: "Shell",
+  shell: "Shell",
+  zsh: "Shell",
+  yaml: "YAML",
+  yml: "YAML",
+  json: "JSON",
+  html: "HTML",
+  css: "CSS",
+  dockerfile: "Dockerfile",
+};
+
+/** Distinct human-readable programming languages present in a post's code blocks. */
+export function detectCodeLanguages(html: string | undefined | null): string[] {
+  if (!html) return [];
+  const found = new Set<string>();
+  const re = /language-([a-z0-9+#]+)/gi;
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((m = re.exec(html)) !== null) {
+    const norm = LANG_ALIASES[m[1].toLowerCase()];
+    if (norm) found.add(norm);
+  }
+  return Array.from(found);
+}
+
+// String.fromCodePoint throws RangeError on out-of-range values, so a malformed
+// entity like &#9999999999; in untrusted WP content would crash the build.
+// Guard the range and drop anything invalid rather than throw.
+function safeFromCodePoint(n: number): string {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(n) || n < 0 || n > 0x10ffff) return "";
+  try {
+    return String.fromCodePoint(n);
+  } catch {
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+
+function stripTags(s: string): string {
+  return s
+    .replace(/<[^>]*>/g, " ")
+    .replace(/&nbsp;/g, " ")
+    // Decode numeric/hex entities (WP emits &#8217; &#8220; &#8211; etc.) so
+    // smart quotes/dashes don't leak into FAQ/Answer text as raw entities.
+    .replace(/&#(\d+);/g, (_, n) => safeFromCodePoint(Number(n)))
+    .replace(/&#x([0-9a-f]+);/gi, (_, n) => safeFromCodePoint(parseInt(n, 16)))
+    .replace(/&quot;/g, '"')
+    .replace(/&apos;/g, "'")
+    // Decode &lt; / &gt; too: an AI citing an answer should read "<keploy record>",
+    // not the literal entity text. This runs AFTER tags are stripped, and every
+    // JSON-LD sink goes through safeJsonLdStringify (the hard </script> guard), so
+    // decoding here is safe — it doesn't remove any real defence layer.
+    .replace(/&lt;/g, "<")
+    .replace(/&gt;/g, ">")
+    // &amp; last so we never double-decode (e.g. "&amp;#8217;" stays literal).
+    .replace(/&amp;/g, "&")
+    .replace(/\s+/g, " ")
+    .trim();
+}
+
+// A post opts into FAQPage by adding a heading whose text is exactly "FAQ",
+// "FAQs", "FAQ's", or "Frequently Asked Questions" (trailing ":" / whitespace
+// ignored). Only Q&A *under that heading* are extracted.
+const FAQ_SECTION_HEADING = /^(faqs?|faq's|frequently asked questions)$/i;
+
+/**
+ * Extract FAQ Q&A pairs — but ONLY from an explicit FAQ section, not from every
+ * "?" heading in the post. An earlier version scraped any heading ending in "?"
+ * and swept everything up to the next heading into the answer, so code blocks
+ * and tables got flattened and clipped into mangled "answers" an AI would cite
+ * (PR review #2). Now:
+ *   1. find the marker heading (FAQ / Frequently Asked Questions),
+ *   2. bound the section at the next heading of the same-or-higher level,
+ *   3. inside it, each sub-heading ending in "?" is a question and the answer is
+ *      the text of the following <p> paragraphs and <li> list items (code blocks
+ *      and tables skipped, since WP FAQ answers are often bulleted lists).
+ * Still requires ≥2 clean pairs, so a stray "FAQ" heading alone emits nothing.
+ */
+export function extractFaqs(
+  html: string | undefined | null,
+  max = 10,
+): { question: string; answer: string }[] {
+  if (!html) return [];
+
+  // 1. Locate the FAQ marker heading and its level.
+  const headingRe = /<h([2-4])[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/h\1>/gi;
+  let marker: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  let sectionStart = -1;
+  let markerLevel = 0;
+  while ((marker = headingRe.exec(html)) !== null) {
+    const text = stripTags(marker[2]).replace(/[:\s]+$/, "").trim();
+    if (FAQ_SECTION_HEADING.test(text)) {
+      markerLevel = Number(marker[1]);
+      sectionStart = headingRe.lastIndex;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (sectionStart === -1) return [];
+
+  // 2. The section ends at the next heading of level <= the marker that is NOT
+  // itself a question — so "FAQ (h2) → questions at h2" still works (a same-
+  // level "?" heading stays a question; a same-level "Conclusion" closes it).
+  let sectionEnd = html.length;
+  const boundaryRe = /<h([1-6])[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/h\1>/gi;
+  boundaryRe.lastIndex = sectionStart;
+  let boundary: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((boundary = boundaryRe.exec(html)) !== null) {
+    if (
+      Number(boundary[1]) <= markerLevel &&
+      !stripTags(boundary[2]).endsWith("?")
+    ) {
+      sectionEnd = boundary.index;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // Bound the section: malformed WP markup (e.g. an unclosed heading) can leave
+  // no boundary match, so cap the length rather than sweeping to end-of-document
+  // and degrading back toward the old scrape-everything behaviour.
+  const MAX_FAQ_SECTION = 20000;
+  const section = html.slice(sectionStart, Math.min(sectionEnd, sectionStart + MAX_FAQ_SECTION));
+
+  // 3. Question sub-headings ending in "?", answer = following <p> text only.
+  const faqs: { question: string; answer: string }[] = [];
+  const qRe = /<h([2-6])[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/h\1>([\s\S]*?)(?=<h[2-6][^>]*>|$)/gi;
+  let q: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  while ((q = qRe.exec(section)) !== null && faqs.length < max) {
+    const question = stripTags(q[2]);
+    if (!question.endsWith("?")) continue;
+    // Answer = text of <p> paragraphs AND <li> list items, in document order
+    // (WP FAQ sections often answer with a <ul>/<ol>). Drop <pre>/<table> blocks
+    // first so code/tables never leak in — the flattening review #2 flagged.
+    const body = q[3]
+      .replace(/<pre[\s\S]*?<\/pre>/gi, " ")
+      .replace(/<table[\s\S]*?<\/table>/gi, " ");
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+    const partRe = /<(p|li)(?:\s[^>]*)?>([\s\S]*?)<\/\1>/gi;
+    let part: RegExpExecArray | null;
+    while ((part = partRe.exec(body)) !== null) {
+      const t = stripTags(part[2]);
+      if (t) parts.push(t);
+    }
+    const answer = parts.join(" ").slice(0, 900);
+    if (question.length > 8 && answer.length > 20) {
+      faqs.push({ question, answer });
+    }
+  }
+  return faqs.length >= 2 ? faqs : [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Approximate word count of a post's rendered text (HTML tags + entities
+ * stripped first so markup tokens don't inflate the count). Feeds the
+ * schema.org `wordCount` on Article nodes.
+ */
+export function countWords(html: string | undefined | null): number {
+  if (!html) return 0;
+  const text = stripTags(html);
+  if (!text) return 0;
+  return text.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
+}
diff --git a/utils/seo.ts b/utils/seo.ts
index 851be37e7..8cf47fb88 100644
--- a/utils/seo.ts
+++ b/utils/seo.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,30 @@ export function sanitizeTitle(rawTitle: string | undefined | null): string {
   return decodeEntitiesForAttribute(rawTitle);
 }
 
+const TITLE_SUFFIX = " | Keploy Blog";
+const MAX_TITLE_LENGTH = 60;
+
+/**
+ * Build a <title> that stays within the ~60-char SERP limit (SEMrush "title
+ * too long", 113 posts). Order of preference:
+ *   1. `Title | Keploy Blog` when it fits,
+ *   2. the bare title when adding the suffix would overflow but the title fits,
+ *   3. the title truncated at a word boundary as a last resort.
+ * Entity-decoded via sanitizeTitle so WP entities don't inflate the length.
+ */
+export function buildPageTitle(rawTitle: string | undefined | null): string {
+  const base = sanitizeTitle(rawTitle).trim();
+  if (!base) return "Keploy Blog";
+  const withSuffix = `${base}${TITLE_SUFFIX}`;
+  if (withSuffix.length <= MAX_TITLE_LENGTH) return withSuffix;
+  if (base.length <= MAX_TITLE_LENGTH) return base;
+  const clipped = base.slice(0, MAX_TITLE_LENGTH);
+  const lastSpace = clipped.lastIndexOf(" ");
+  // Always cut at the last word boundary in the window; hard-clip only when the
+  // window has no space at all (a single token longer than the limit).
+  return (lastSpace > 0 ? clipped.slice(0, lastSpace) : clipped).trimEnd();
+}
+
 /**
  * Generate a safe meta description for a blog post.
  * Uses Yoast metaDesc if available and long enough, otherwise generates from title.