From 64021ef9f3168b34adb79c75cc36404ce6c032b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2026 13:52:37 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 01/36] Revert "Add Rails 8.1 compatibility"

This reverts commit 22812411fa6956f66858825bc3fb6730dd9e7b0d.

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 activerecord-jdbc-adapter.gemspec          |  2 +-
 lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb | 15 ---------------
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements.rb | 17 -----------------
 3 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/activerecord-jdbc-adapter.gemspec b/activerecord-jdbc-adapter.gemspec
index f12115079..a32506441 100644
--- a/activerecord-jdbc-adapter.gemspec
+++ b/activerecord-jdbc-adapter.gemspec
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |gem|
   gem.executables = gem.files.grep(%r{^bin/}).map { |f| File.basename(f) }
   gem.test_files = gem.files.grep(%r{^test/})
 
-  gem.add_dependency "activerecord", "~> 8.0"
+  gem.add_dependency "activerecord", "~> 8.0.0"
 
   #gem.add_development_dependency 'test-unit', '2.5.4'
   #gem.add_development_dependency 'test-unit-context', '>= 0.3.0'
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
index 856619a23..64a6a82f6 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
@@ -9,21 +9,6 @@ module DatabaseStatements
 
       NO_BINDS = [].freeze
 
-      unless method_defined?(:mark_transaction_written_if_write)
-        def mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
-          if write_query?(sql)
-            ensure_writes_are_allowed(sql)
-            mark_transaction_written
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      unless method_defined?(:check_if_write_query)
-        def check_if_write_query(sql)
-          ensure_writes_are_allowed(sql) if write_query?(sql)
-        end
-      end
-
       def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, pk = nil, sequence_name = nil, returning: nil)
         if preventing_writes?
           raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
index 50d64bfea..41f3ef91b 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
@@ -6,23 +6,6 @@ module SchemaStatements
       ForeignKeyDefinition = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ForeignKeyDefinition
       Utils = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQL::Utils
 
-      def decode_string_array(value)
-        return value if value.is_a?(Array)
-        _arjdbc_array_parser.parse_pg_array(value)
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def _arjdbc_array_parser
-        @_arjdbc_array_parser ||= begin
-          obj = Object.new
-          obj.extend(ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQL::ArrayParser)
-          obj
-        end
-      end
-
-      public
-
       def foreign_keys(table_name)
         scope = quoted_scope(table_name)
         fk_info = internal_exec_query(<<~SQL, "SCHEMA", allow_retry: true, materialize_transactions: false)

From 49a13bcff39def05c4d1f16ffa0cb1d26d37dfb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 11:52:36 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 02/36] Pin rdoc to ~> 7 to fix JRuby native compilation issues

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 Gemfile | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 409024dd0..8f20f9d3f 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -105,5 +105,6 @@ group :rails do
     gem 'minitest-rg', require: nil
     gem 'minitest-rails', require: nil
     gem 'benchmark-ips', require: nil
+    gem 'rdoc', '~> 7', require: false
   end
 end

From dab401bf97ca813443348e5b078c164d10f90e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2026 08:33:38 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 03/36] Disable
 ReaperTest::test_reaper_works_after_pool_discard in JDBC due to deadlocks

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/ReaperTest.rb     | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/ReaperTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/ReaperTest.rb
index 3f4f5c8e6..46049e4ad 100644
--- a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/ReaperTest.rb
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/ReaperTest.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 exclude :test_some_time, 'intermittent failures, leaks thread, fires at high frequency'
 exclude :test_connection_pool_starts_reaper, 'intermittent failures, leaks thread, fires at high frequency'
+exclude :test_reaper_works_after_pool_discard, 'deadlocks under JDBC due to high frequency discard'

From b6a1bc35680fe915f63b8e9d53d10945dc81f171 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 13:39:42 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 04/36] Disable broken :test_url_invalid_adapter due to added
 sqlserver adapter

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb   | 1 +
 .../ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb   | 1 +
 .../ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb   | 1 +
 .../ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb   | 1 +
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/mysql2/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/sqlite3/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/sqlserver/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/mysql2/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/mysql2/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff8ea495d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/mysql2/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_url_invalid_adapter, "sqlserver is not a built-in adapter, so rails complains when validating the error"
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff8ea495d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_url_invalid_adapter, "sqlserver is not a built-in adapter, so rails complains when validating the error"
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/sqlite3/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/sqlite3/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff8ea495d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/sqlite3/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_url_invalid_adapter, "sqlserver is not a built-in adapter, so rails complains when validating the error"
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/sqlserver/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/sqlserver/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff8ea495d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/sqlserver/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/PoolConfig/ResolverTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_url_invalid_adapter, "sqlserver is not a built-in adapter, so rails complains when validating the error"

From a3a866fd88d062c6a9060573d982ab6c3ccecfcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 15:54:12 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 05/36] Force numeric/boolean to be encoded as varchar to
 mirror behaviour of PG gem

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java  | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index 51274ce95..353c64c0d 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -148,6 +148,15 @@ protected String buildURL(final ThreadContext context, final IRubyObject url) {
         return DriverWrapper.buildURL(url, Collections.EMPTY_MAP);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected Integer jdbcTypeForPrimitiveAttribute(final ThreadContext context,
+                                                    final IRubyObject attribute) throws SQLException {
+        if (attribute instanceof RubyNumeric || attribute instanceof RubyBoolean) {
+            return Types.VARCHAR;
+        }
+        return super.jdbcTypeForPrimitiveAttribute(context, attribute);
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected DriverWrapper newDriverWrapper(final ThreadContext context, final String driver) {
         DriverWrapper driverWrapper = super.newDriverWrapper(context, driver);

From 0131de73651566ff9721ae7870c2d325d03b3e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 9 May 2026 04:22:08 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 06/36] Migrate client_min_messages in Postgres to use newer
 APIs

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index 88adbb878..589368205 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -596,8 +596,7 @@ def all_schemas
     # Returns the current client message level.
     def client_min_messages
       return nil if redshift? # not supported on Redshift
-      # Need to use #execute so we don't try to access the type map before it is initialized
-      execute('SHOW client_min_messages', 'SCHEMA').values.first.first
+      query_value("SHOW client_min_messages", "SCHEMA")
     end
 
     # Set the client message level.

From c687b0c6258fe98cae33f84bb7cb5ec4c353d5b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 9 May 2026 05:24:52 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 07/36] Postgres now respects decode_dates setting

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb                      |  2 ++
 .../postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java      | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index 589368205..9569572bf 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ def configure_connection
         end
       end
 
+      @raw_connection.decode_dates = decode_dates # Copy to java land for performance
+
       reload_type_map
     end
 
diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index 353c64c0d..d85bc123f 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ public class PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection extends arjdbc.jdbc.RubyJdbcConnection
 
     private RubyClass resultClass;
     private RubyHash typeMap = null;
+    private boolean decodeDates = false;
 
     public PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection(Ruby runtime, RubyClass metaClass) {
         super(runtime, metaClass);
@@ -813,6 +814,10 @@ protected IRubyObject dateToRuby(ThreadContext context, Ruby runtime, ResultSet
         final String value = resultSet.getString(index);
         if (value == null) return context.nil;
 
+        if (!decodeDates) {
+            return RubyString.newUnicodeString(runtime, value);
+        }
+
         final int len = value.length();
         if (len < 10 && value.charAt(len - 1) == 'y') { // infinity / -infinity
             IRubyObject infinity = parseInfinity(context.runtime, value);
@@ -1093,4 +1098,10 @@ public IRubyObject typemap_set(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject mapArg) {
         this.typeMap = (RubyHash) mapArg;
         return mapArg;
     }
+
+    @PG @JRubyMethod(name = "decode_dates=")
+    public IRubyObject setDecodeDates(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        this.decodeDates = value.isTrue();
+        return value;
+    }
 }

From 376e5625ec18bec0c823c874f57099cae2afabfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 21:12:20 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 08/36] Fix Postgres disable_extension to work the same way
 enable_extenion works

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index 9569572bf..6c515f50e 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ def enable_extension(name, **)
     #   Set to +:cascade+ to drop dependent objects as well.
     #   Defaults to false.
     def disable_extension(name, force: false)
+      _schema, name = name.to_s.split(".").values_at(-2, -1)
       internal_exec_query("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS \"#{name}\"#{' CASCADE' if force == :cascade}").tap {
         reload_type_map
       }

From dfd7620eb983c8f6215f7e33c074b2a24f161d71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 21:26:47 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 09/36] Added fixednum lookup to Postgres columns for
 columnTypeMap to allow for index-based lookup for BSON access Mirrors
 upstream PG commit 100c86c00e

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
index 4643db42a..202f53da3 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
@@ -107,7 +107,10 @@ protected IRubyObject columnTypeMap(final ThreadContext context) throws SQLExcep
                     runtime.newFixnum(mod),
                     name);
 
-            if (!type.isNil()) types.fastASet(name, type);
+            if (!type.isNil()) {
+                types.fastASet(name, type);
+                types.fastASet(runtime.newFixnum(i), type);
+            }
         }
 
         return types;

From 246a6409bf5a354181abbe2f04d6319854383003 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 21:57:41 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 10/36] Monkey patch to allow time value parsing to fall
 through fallback_string_to_time

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb   | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb              |  1 +
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 lib/arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d6e40424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_model/type/helpers/time_value"
+
+# The caller only handles ArgumentError as a failure,
+# but JRuby raises TypeError for invalid formats in Time.new() (non-standard),
+# which isn't handled by the caller.
+# We just return nil here as it will result in fallback parsing, same as raising.
+module ActiveModel
+  module Type
+    module Helpers
+      module TimeValue
+        module JRubyCompat
+          private
+            def fast_string_to_time(string)
+              super
+            rescue TypeError
+              nil
+            end
+        end
+        prepend JRubyCompat
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index 6c515f50e..d49182e23 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 require 'active_model'
 
 require "arjdbc/abstract/relation_query_attribute_monkey_patch"
+require "arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch"
 
 module ArJdbc
   # Strives to provide Rails built-in PostgreSQL adapter (API) compatibility.

From 84ca553ff1008bfac33eb00cab603ed4e49dec30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 23:44:16 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 11/36] Fix postgres not returning a result object for raw
 queries

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/JdbcResult.java          | 10 +++++
 src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/RubyJdbcConnection.java  |  8 +++-
 .../arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java   | 41 +++++++++++++------
 .../PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java         | 16 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/JdbcResult.java b/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/JdbcResult.java
index 401f36dcc..03dde51b0 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/JdbcResult.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/JdbcResult.java
@@ -47,6 +47,16 @@ protected JdbcResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, RubyJdbcConnection
         processResultSet(context, resultSet);
     }
 
+    // HACK: Needed for postgres to be able to return a sane result type instead of just a RubyFixnum
+    protected JdbcResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, RubyJdbcConnection connection) {
+        super(context.runtime, clazz);
+
+        values = newArray(context);
+        this.connection = connection;
+        columnNames = new RubyString[0];
+        columnTypes = new int[0];
+    }
+
     /**
      * Builds a type map for creating the AR::Result, most adapters don't need it
      * @param context which thread this is running on.
diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/RubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/RubyJdbcConnection.java
index d88d9a8d6..22b10ca7b 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/RubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/jdbc/RubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ public IRubyObject execute(final ThreadContext context, final IRubyObject sql) {
                         result = mapToRawResult(context, connection, resultSet, false);
                         resultSet.close();
                     } else {
-                        result = context.runtime.newFixnum(updateCount);
+                        result = mapEmptyExecuteResult(context, updateCount);
                     }
 
                     // Check to see if there is another result set
@@ -867,6 +867,10 @@ protected IRubyObject mapExecuteResult(final ThreadContext context,
         return mapQueryResult(context, connection, resultSet);
     }
 
+    protected IRubyObject mapEmptyExecuteResult(final ThreadContext context, final long updateCount) {
+        return newEmptyResult(context);
+    }
+
     private static String[] createStatementPk(IRubyObject pk) {
         String[] statementPk;
         if (pk instanceof RubyArray) {
@@ -3274,7 +3278,7 @@ protected boolean supportsGeneratedKeys(final Connection connection) throws SQLE
      * @param downCase should column names only be in lower case?
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    private IRubyObject mapToRawResult(final ThreadContext context,
+    protected IRubyObject mapToRawResult(final ThreadContext context,
             final Connection connection, final ResultSet resultSet,
             final boolean downCase) throws SQLException {
 
diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
index 202f53da3..344c1fef9 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLResult.java
@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@
 import java.sql.Types;
 
 import arjdbc.util.PG;
-import org.jruby.Ruby;
-import org.jruby.RubyArray;
-import org.jruby.RubyClass;
-import org.jruby.RubyHash;
-import org.jruby.RubyModule;
-import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
-import org.jruby.RubyString;
+import org.jruby.*;
 import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
 import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
 import org.jruby.runtime.Helpers;
@@ -39,6 +33,9 @@ public class PostgreSQLResult extends JdbcResult {
     // These are needed when generating an AR::Result
     private final ResultSetMetaData resultSetMetaData;
 
+    // An optional number of updated rows
+    private final long cmdTuples;
+
     /********* JRuby compat methods ***********/
 
     static RubyClass createPostgreSQLResultClass(ThreadContext context, RubyClass postgreSQLConnection) {
@@ -64,6 +61,19 @@ static PostgreSQLResult newResult(ThreadContext context,  RubyClass clazz, Postg
         return new PostgreSQLResult(context, clazz, connection, resultSet);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Generates a new empty PostgreSQLResult object with a given number of updates
+     * @param context current thread context
+     * @param clazz metaclass for this result object
+     * @param updateCount the number of updated items
+     * @return an instantiated result object
+     * @throws SQLException throws!
+     */
+    static PostgreSQLResult newEmptyResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection connection,
+                                           long updateCount) {
+        return new PostgreSQLResult(context, clazz, connection, updateCount);
+    }
+
     /********* End JRuby compat methods ***********/
 
     private PostgreSQLResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, RubyJdbcConnection connection,
@@ -71,6 +81,15 @@ private PostgreSQLResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, RubyJdbcConnect
         super(context, clazz, connection, resultSet);
 
         resultSetMetaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
+        cmdTuples = -1;
+    }
+
+    private PostgreSQLResult(ThreadContext context, RubyClass clazz, RubyJdbcConnection connection,
+                             long updateCount) {
+        super(context, clazz, connection);
+
+        resultSetMetaData = null;
+        cmdTuples = updateCount;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -261,12 +280,10 @@ public IRubyObject aref(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject rowArg) {
         return resultHash;
     }
 
-    // Note: this is # of commands (insert/update/selects performed) and not number of rows.  In practice,
-    // so far users always just check this as to when it is 0 which ends up being the same as an update/insert
-    // where no rows were affected...so wrong value but the important value will be the same (I do not see
-    // how jdbc can do this).
+    // Note: This is probably not the best implementation,
+    // but it is better than always returning 0 on non-value-returning ops.
     @PG @JRubyMethod(name = {"cmdtuples", "cmd_tuples"})
     public IRubyObject cmdtuples(ThreadContext context) {
-        return values.isEmpty() ? context.runtime.newFixnum(0) : aref(context, context.runtime.newFixnum(0));
+        return cmdTuples != -1 ? context.runtime.newFixnum(cmdTuples) : values.length(context);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index d85bc123f..341dac958 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -277,6 +277,22 @@ protected PostgreSQLResult mapExecuteResult(final ThreadContext context, final C
         return PostgreSQLResult.newResult(context, resultClass, this, resultSet);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected IRubyObject mapEmptyExecuteResult(final ThreadContext context, final long updateCount) {
+        return PostgreSQLResult.newEmptyResult(context, resultClass, this, updateCount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected IRubyObject mapToRawResult(final ThreadContext context,
+            final Connection connection, final ResultSet resultSet,
+            final boolean downCase) throws SQLException {
+        if (downCase) {
+            return super.mapToRawResult(context, connection, resultSet, true);
+        } else {
+            return mapExecuteResult(context, connection, resultSet);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Maps a query result set into a <code>ActiveRecord</code> result.
      * @param context

From dc722ccd1e4181393e66d415896f490b3ebbdd9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 09:52:08 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 12/36] Generalized timestamp infinity checking to support
 BigDecimal + other numeric types

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java | 17 ++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
index 0890b0052..18ccee9a9 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import arjdbc.util.DateTimeUtils;
 import org.joda.time.DateTimeZone;
 import org.jruby.RubyArray;
-import org.jruby.RubyFloat;
+import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
+import org.jruby.RubyFixnum;
 import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
 import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
 
@@ -22,12 +23,14 @@ public abstract class PgDateTimeUtils extends DateTimeUtils {
      */
     public static String timestampValueToString(final ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value, DateTimeZone zone,
                                          boolean withZone) {
-        if (value instanceof RubyFloat) {
-            final double dv = ((RubyFloat) value).getValue();
-            if (dv == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
-                return "infinity";
-            } else if (dv == Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
-                return "-infinity";
+        if (value instanceof RubyNumeric valueNumeric) {
+            final IRubyObject infinite = valueNumeric.infinite_p(context);
+            if (infinite instanceof RubyFixnum infiniteFixnum) {
+                if (infiniteFixnum.getValue() > 0) {
+                    return "infinity";
+                } else {
+                    return "-infinity";
+                }
             }
         }
         return timestampTimeToString(context, value, zone, withZone);

From 2b7118d723d60dabb97407821cf3696558dc3db0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 12:17:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 13/36] Update PostgreSQL::rename_enum to match rails
 implementation

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index d49182e23..dbb58c39e 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -409,10 +409,12 @@ def drop_enum(name, values = nil, **options)
     end
 
     # Rename an existing enum type to something else.
-    def rename_enum(name, options = {})
-      to = options.fetch(:to) { raise ArgumentError, ":to is required" }
+    def rename_enum(name, new_name = nil, **options)
+      new_name ||= options.fetch(:to) do
+        raise ArgumentError, "rename_enum requires two from/to name positional arguments."
+      end
 
-      exec_query("ALTER TYPE #{quote_table_name(name)} RENAME TO #{to}").tap { reload_type_map }
+      exec_query("ALTER TYPE #{quote_table_name(name)} RENAME TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}").tap { reload_type_map }
     end
 
     # Add enum value to an existing enum type.

From 7c6208410cc59e72b2f6f07effc1686408ac0fc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 12:24:43 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 14/36] Update PostgreSQL::add_enum_value to match rails
 implementation

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index dbb58c39e..1b4afb33e 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -420,14 +420,16 @@ def rename_enum(name, new_name = nil, **options)
     # Add enum value to an existing enum type.
     def add_enum_value(type_name, value, options = {})
       before, after = options.values_at(:before, :after)
-      sql = +"ALTER TYPE #{quote_table_name(type_name)} ADD VALUE '#{value}'"
+      sql = +"ALTER TYPE #{quote_table_name(type_name)} ADD VALUE"
+      sql << " IF NOT EXISTS" if options[:if_not_exists]
+      sql << " #{quote(value)}"
 
       if before && after
         raise ArgumentError, "Cannot have both :before and :after at the same time"
       elsif before
-        sql << " BEFORE '#{before}'"
+        sql << " BEFORE #{quote(before)}"
       elsif after
-        sql << " AFTER '#{after}'"
+        sql << " AFTER #{quote(after)}"
       end
 
       execute(sql).tap { reload_type_map }

From 6a4a88f7960b90beafbdc02ea43e6ce942af006c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 12:35:00 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 15/36] Use ruby-side type casting in array params for correct
 range literal handling

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java         | 23 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index 341dac958..fb716b611 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
 import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
 import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
 import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+import org.jruby.runtime.callsite.CachingCallSite;
+import org.jruby.runtime.callsite.FunctionalCachingCallSite;
 import org.jruby.util.ByteList;
 
 import org.jruby.util.TypeConverter;
@@ -324,13 +326,32 @@ protected void setArrayParameter(final ThreadContext context,
             break;
         }
         default:
-            values = valueForDB.toArray();
+            final IRubyObject adapter = ActiveRecord(context).getClass(context, "Base").callMethod(context, "connection");
+            values = typeCastArrayValues(context, adapter, valueForDB);
             break;
         }
 
         statement.setArray(index, connection.createArrayOf(typeName, values));
     }
 
+    private final CachingCallSite type_cast_site = new FunctionalCachingCallSite("type_cast");
+
+    private Object[] typeCastArrayValues(final ThreadContext context, final IRubyObject adapter, final RubyArray<?> values) {
+        final int size = values.size();
+        final Object[] result = new Object[size];
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            final IRubyObject elem = values.eltInternal(i);
+            if (elem instanceof RubyArray<?> arrayElem) {
+                result[i] = typeCastArrayValues(context, adapter, arrayElem);
+            } else {
+                // This could be a performance bottleneck, but it ensures that behaviour aligns with PG gem. Might want to revisit this later.
+                final IRubyObject cast = type_cast_site.call(context, adapter, adapter, elem);
+                result[i] = cast.isNil() ? null : cast.toJava(Object.class);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
     protected void setDecimalParameter(final ThreadContext context,
                                        final Connection connection, final PreparedStatement statement,
                                        final int index, final IRubyObject value,

From 3a3e045657667dce7bb46d22c6e4b9f7db81abbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Fri, 15 May 2026 08:33:36 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 16/36] Fix dirty tracking when loading HStore from Postgres

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java    | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index fb716b611..bd4fb76f7 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -905,10 +905,9 @@ protected IRubyObject objectToRuby(ThreadContext context, Ruby runtime, ResultSe
         }
 
         if (object instanceof Map) { // hstore
-            // by default we avoid double parsing by driver and then column :
-            final RubyHash rubyObject = RubyHash.newHash(context.runtime);
-            rubyObject.putAll((Map) object); // converts keys/values to ruby
-            return rubyObject;
+            // This will be parsed by OID::HStore#deserialize
+            // Can't use hash as before due to hash breaking dirty tracking
+            return runtime.newString(resultSet.getString(index));
         }
 
         return JavaUtil.convertJavaToRuby(runtime, object);

From 02869571afe682e0ea848d5b61edbe606ccbef92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Fri, 15 May 2026 08:58:01 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 17/36] Carry over set_constraints from rails Postgres driver

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
index 2c1ddc85e..fbdaf139a 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,27 @@ def build_explain_clause(options = [])
 
         "EXPLAIN (#{options.join(", ").upcase})"
       end
+
+      # Set when constraints will be checked for the current transaction.
+      #
+      # Not passing any specific constraint names will set the value for all deferrable constraints.
+      #
+      # [<tt>deferred</tt>]
+      #   Valid values are +:deferred+ or +:immediate+.
+      #
+      # See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-set-constraints.html
+      def set_constraints(deferred, *constraints)
+        unless %i[deferred immediate].include?(deferred)
+          raise ArgumentError, "deferred must be :deferred or :immediate"
+        end
+
+        constraints = if constraints.empty?
+          "ALL"
+        else
+          constraints.map { |c| quote_table_name(c) }.join(", ")
+        end
+        execute("SET CONSTRAINTS #{constraints} #{deferred.to_s.upcase}")
+      end
     end
   end
 end

From 9929c0abccd4a411e09033e7c1d036df13e3d88c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 23:15:27 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 18/36] Match default PG gem stringtype connection param

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config.rb | 3 +++
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/connection_methods.rb  | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config.rb
index bc042ac1f..413321831 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter_hash_config.rb
@@ -92,6 +92,9 @@ def build_properties(config)
         properties["prepareThreshold"] = 0
       end
 
+      # Match upstream default PG string type, otherwise incorrectly defaults to varchar
+      properties["stringtype"] ||= "unspecified"
+
       properties
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/connection_methods.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/connection_methods.rb
index a1b5d7441..4a7190d9c 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/connection_methods.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/connection_methods.rb
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ def postgresql_connection(config)
       properties['prepareThreshold'] = 0
     end
 
+    # Match upstream default PG string type, otherwise incorrectly defaults to varchar
+    properties['stringtype'] ||= 'unspecified'
+
     jdbc_connection(config)
   end
   alias_method :jdbcpostgresql_connection, :postgresql_connection

From eb8975b9d20d3cfc83828904d17486a8b650459f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 00:02:42 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 19/36] Implement raw_exec_query to fix
 AsyncHasManyAssociationsTest#test_async_load_has_many

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
index 64a6a82f6..9fd2caf9a 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
@@ -38,16 +38,24 @@ def internal_exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, prepare: false, async
 
         mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
 
+        raw_exec_query(sql, name, binds, prepare: prepare, async: async, allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions)
+      end
+
+      def raw_exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, prepare: false, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true)
         binds = convert_legacy_binds_to_attributes(binds) if binds.first.is_a?(Array)
 
-        with_raw_connection do |conn|
-          if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
-            log(sql, name, async: async) { conn.execute_query(sql) }
-          else
-            log(sql, name, binds, async: async) do
+        # puts "[1]internal----->sql: #{sql}, binds: #{binds}"
+        type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+        # puts "[2]internal----->sql: #{type_casted_binds.size}, binds: #{type_casted_binds}"
+
+        log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds, async: async) do
+          with_raw_connection(allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions) do |conn|
+            if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
+                conn.execute_query(sql)
+            else
               # this is different from normal AR that always caches
               cached_statement = fetch_cached_statement(sql) if prepare && @jdbc_statement_cache_enabled
-              conn.execute_prepared_query(sql, binds, cached_statement)
+              conn.execute_prepared_query(sql, type_casted_binds, cached_statement)
             end
           end
         end

From d4a6b20894ee54a9846bfab3083114d720dc1a75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 07:53:05 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 20/36] Migrate query logging to match upstream ruby call style
 and signatures

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/abstract/core.rb                | 16 ----------------
 lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb |  8 +++++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/core.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/core.rb
index 2ed5d8c63..7806c5d6e 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/core.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/core.rb
@@ -57,22 +57,6 @@ def translate_exception(exception, message:, sql:, binds:)
         end
       end
 
-      # this version of log() automatically fills type_casted_binds from binds if necessary
-      def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], type_casted_binds = [], async: false, &block)
-        if binds.any? && (type_casted_binds.nil? || type_casted_binds.empty?)
-          type_casted_binds = lambda {
-            # extract_raw_bind_values
-            binds.map do |bind|
-              if bind.respond_to?(:value_for_database)
-                bind.value_for_database
-              else
-                bind
-              end
-            end
-          }
-        end
-        super
-      end
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
index 9fd2caf9a..f80043ba1 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, pk = nil, sequence_name = nil
           if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
             log(sql, name) { conn.execute_insert_pk(sql, pk) }
           else
-            log(sql, name, binds) do
-              conn.execute_insert_pk(sql, binds, pk)
+            type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+            log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) do
+              conn.execute_insert_pk(sql, type_casted_binds, pk)
             end
           end
         end
@@ -74,7 +75,8 @@ def exec_update(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = NO_BINDS)
           if without_prepared_statement?(binds)
             log(sql, name) { conn.execute_update(sql) }
           else
-            log(sql, name, binds) { conn.execute_prepared_update(sql, binds) }
+            type_casted_binds = type_casted_binds(binds)
+            log(sql, name, binds, type_casted_binds) { conn.execute_prepared_update(sql, type_casted_binds) }
           end
         end
       end

From 974f9d4c76b0442537fc5151a92f8a23c65c02af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2026 10:25:45 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 21/36] Switch to base rails preprocess_query call, remove
 now-redundant :check_if_write_query and :mark_transaction_written_if_write

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb | 24 +++-------------------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
index f80043ba1..0f88963f8 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/database_statements.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,7 @@ module DatabaseStatements
       NO_BINDS = [].freeze
 
       def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, pk = nil, sequence_name = nil, returning: nil)
-        if preventing_writes?
-          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
-        end
-
-        mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
+        sql = preprocess_query(sql)
 
         binds = convert_legacy_binds_to_attributes(binds) if binds.first.is_a?(Array)
 
@@ -33,11 +29,7 @@ def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, pk = nil, sequence_name = nil
       # It appears that at this point (AR 5.0) "prepare" should only ever be true
       # if prepared statements are enabled
       def internal_exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, prepare: false, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true)
-        if preventing_writes? && write_query?(sql)
-          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
-        end
-
-        mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
+        sql = preprocess_query(sql)
 
         raw_exec_query(sql, name, binds, prepare: prepare, async: async, allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions)
       end
@@ -63,11 +55,7 @@ def raw_exec_query(sql, name = nil, binds = NO_BINDS, prepare: false, async: fal
       end
 
       def exec_update(sql, name = 'SQL', binds = NO_BINDS)
-        if preventing_writes?
-          raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError, "Write query attempted while in readonly mode: #{sql}"
-        end
-
-        mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql)
+        sql = preprocess_query(sql)
 
         binds = convert_legacy_binds_to_attributes(binds) if binds.first.is_a?(Array)
 
@@ -100,12 +88,6 @@ def convert_legacy_binds_to_attributes(binds)
         end
       end
 
-      def preprocess_query(sql)
-        check_if_write_query(sql) if respond_to?(:check_if_write_query, true)
-        mark_transaction_written_if_write(sql) if respond_to?(:mark_transaction_written_if_write, true)
-        sql
-      end
-
       def raw_execute(sql, name, binds = [], prepare: false, async: false, allow_retry: false, materialize_transactions: true, batch: false)
         log(sql, name, async: async) do
           with_raw_connection(allow_retry: allow_retry, materialize_transactions: materialize_transactions) do |conn|

From e9fe057012691ce90a30da87a63f78845cc3f67b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2026 11:45:29 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 22/36] Properly handle returning: kwarg in exec_insert Now
 mirrors built-in exec_insert, so it returns more than just the PK

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb             | 16 ++++++++++------
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index 1b4afb33e..c04cec96d 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -523,16 +523,20 @@ def check_version # :nodoc:
     end
 
     def exec_insert(sql, name = nil, binds = [], pk = nil, sequence_name = nil, returning: nil) # :nodoc:
-      val = super
-      if !use_insert_returning? && pk
+      if use_insert_returning? || pk == false
+        sql, binds = sql_for_insert(sql, pk, binds, returning)
+        internal_exec_query(sql, name, binds)
+      else
+        result = internal_exec_query(sql, name, binds)
         unless sequence_name
           table_ref = extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
-          sequence_name = default_sequence_name(table_ref, pk)
-          return val unless sequence_name
+          if table_ref
+            pk = primary_key(table_ref) if pk.nil?
+            sequence_name = default_sequence_name(table_ref, pk)
+          end
+          return result unless sequence_name
         end
         last_insert_id_result(sequence_name)
-      else
-        val
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
index fbdaf139a..5d66db1b3 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/database_statements.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ def set_constraints(deferred, *constraints)
         end
         execute("SET CONSTRAINTS #{constraints} #{deferred.to_s.upcase}")
       end
+
+      private
+
+      def returning_column_values(result)
+        result.rows.first
+      end
     end
   end
 end

From 84b926edd2d4a30ae4e6280bcc05fe3f58b61d34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 00:06:25 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 23/36] Properly handle raw SQL for upserts

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index c04cec96d..f1bb3f3b6 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -508,8 +508,12 @@ def build_insert_sql(insert) # :nodoc:
         sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO NOTHING"
       elsif insert.update_duplicates?
         sql << " ON CONFLICT #{insert.conflict_target} DO UPDATE SET "
-        sql << insert.touch_model_timestamps_unless { |column| "#{insert.model.quoted_table_name}.#{column} IS NOT DISTINCT FROM excluded.#{column}" }
-        sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+        if insert.raw_update_sql?
+          sql << insert.raw_update_sql
+        else
+          sql << insert.touch_model_timestamps_unless { |column| "#{insert.model.quoted_table_name}.#{column} IS NOT DISTINCT FROM excluded.#{column}" }
+          sql << insert.updatable_columns.map { |column| "#{column}=excluded.#{column}" }.join(",")
+        end
       end
 
       sql << " RETURNING #{insert.returning}" if insert.returning

From 58068df4eaf2be37da58086ee4c18e08c49dcc10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 21:07:30 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 24/36] Remove outdated and unneeded override of
 extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql from Postgres adapter

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index f1bb3f3b6..adb589beb 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -721,11 +721,6 @@ def column_definitions(table_name)
       SQL
     end
 
-    def extract_table_ref_from_insert_sql(sql)
-      sql[/into\s("[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]\s]+"|[A-Za-z0-9_."\[\]]+)\s*/im]
-      $1.strip if $1
-    end
-
     def arel_visitor
       Arel::Visitors::PostgreSQL.new(self)
     end

From 924b3462122e7985a302d1c0ac308b3ea776fbe0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 01:59:01 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 25/36] Remove outdated and unneeded override of
 default_sequence_name from Postgres adapter

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb | 6 ------
 1 file changed, 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index adb589beb..fa56da676 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -591,12 +591,6 @@ def disconnect!
       end
     end
 
-    def default_sequence_name(table_name, pk = "id") #:nodoc:
-      serial_sequence(table_name, pk)
-    rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      %Q("#{table_name}_#{pk}_seq")
-    end
-
     def last_insert_id_result(sequence_name)
       exec_query("SELECT currval('#{sequence_name}')", 'SQL')
     end

From 95d6cd683767880ba9064f801a87676482d5d0f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 03:27:23 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 26/36] Added default timezone to time/timestamp OID types

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/oid_types.rb | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/oid_types.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/oid_types.rb
index cd6e6cff9..8499d2203 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/oid_types.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/oid_types.rb
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ def initialize_type_map_inner(m)
           m.register_type "regproc", OID::Enum.new
           # FIXME: adding this vector type leads to quoting not handlign Array data in quoting.
           #m.register_type "_int4", OID::Vector.new(",", m.lookup("int4"))
-          register_class_with_precision m, "time", Type::Time
-          register_class_with_precision m, "timestamp", OID::Timestamp
+          register_class_with_precision m, "time", Type::Time, timezone: @default_timezone
+          register_class_with_precision m, "timestamp", OID::Timestamp, timezone: @default_timezone
           register_class_with_precision m, "timestamptz", OID::TimestampWithTimeZone
 
           m.register_type "numeric" do |_, fmod, sql_type|

From 0eda888a70e8e4162dd2b779cade71222fb14ef3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 03:35:50 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 27/36] Add JVM-compatible
 test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb |  1 +
 test/simple.rb                               | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
index ea57b1d0b..393cdaad3 100644
--- a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [ # NOTE: these are copied to AR-JDBC's suite with proper (JVM) TZ adjustment
+    :test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc,
     :test_preserving_time_objects_with_utc_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_local,
     :test_preserving_time_objects_with_time_with_zone_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
 ].each do |name|
diff --git a/test/simple.rb b/test/simple.rb
index 2e6610d71..ddaa3b878 100644
--- a/test/simple.rb
+++ b/test/simple.rb
@@ -335,6 +335,22 @@ def test_time_with_default_timezone_local
 
     #
 
+    def test_preserving_time_objects_with_local_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_utc
+      skip "with_system_tz not working in tomcat" if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.raw_connection.jndi?
+
+      with_system_tz 'America/New_York' do # with_env_tz in Rails' tests
+        with_timezone_config default: :utc do
+          time = Time.local(2000)
+          record = DbType.create!('sample_datetime' => time)
+          saved_time = record.class.find(record.id).reload.sample_datetime
+
+          assert_equal time, saved_time
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, 'EST'], time.to_a
+          assert_equal [0, 0, 5, 1, 1, 2000, 6, 1, false, 'UTC'], saved_time.to_a
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     def test_preserving_time_objects_with_utc_time_conversion_to_default_timezone_local
       skip "with_system_tz not working in tomcat" if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.raw_connection.jndi?
 

From fda88d013ab8db92f18c0df3fa99b52686a217d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 01:56:15 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 28/36] Exclude
 PessimisticLockingTest#test_with_lock_locks_with_no_args due to Arel bindings
 differing

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/PessimisticLockingTest.rb | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/PessimisticLockingTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/PessimisticLockingTest.rb
index ad897f04d..3a55a8433 100644
--- a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/PessimisticLockingTest.rb
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/PessimisticLockingTest.rb
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 exclude :test_lock_sending_custom_lock_statement, 'AR looks for $1 when we use ?' if ActiveRecord::Base.lease_connection.prepared_statements
+exclude :test_with_lock_locks_with_no_args, 'AR looks for $1 when we use ?' if ActiveRecord::Base.lease_connection.prepared_statements

From ccde2ebd3860026d21a75d51d10efd8599ce1c03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 02:55:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 29/36] Handle Rails 8.0 removed Numeric#toTime

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
index 18ccee9a9..c07d46af1 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PgDateTimeUtils.java
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import org.joda.time.DateTimeZone;
 import org.jruby.RubyArray;
 import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
+import org.jruby.RubyInteger;
 import org.jruby.RubyFixnum;
 import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
 import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
@@ -32,6 +33,10 @@ public static String timestampValueToString(final ThreadContext context, IRubyOb
                     return "-infinity";
                 }
             }
+            // Rails 8.0 removed Numeric#toTime, so we have to handle this here
+            if (valueNumeric instanceof RubyInteger) {
+                return valueNumeric.asString().toString();
+            }
         }
         return timestampTimeToString(context, value, zone, withZone);
     }

From 5bfebe0af5a84da4d006f3bc42cc10c0d0dd26c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2026 03:05:09 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 30/36] Exclude broken msgpack-jruby tests

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecordMessagePackTest.rb | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecordMessagePackTest.rb

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecordMessagePackTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecordMessagePackTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b7515aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/ActiveRecordMessagePackTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+exclude :test_roundtrips_record_and_cached_associations, 'msgpack-jruby class resolution is busted, gets first valid instead of most applicable'
+exclude :"test_roundtrips_new_record?_status", 'msgpack-jruby class resolution is busted, gets first valid instead of most applicable'
+exclude :test_roundtrips_binary_attribute, 'msgpack-jruby class resolution is busted, gets first valid instead of most applicable'
+exclude :"test_raises_ActiveSupport::MessagePack::MissingClassError_if_record_class_no_longer_exists", 'msgpack-jruby class resolution is busted, gets first valid instead of most applicable'

From cb595b7e60029f5e97fb59f7878c0983ab7edf20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 07:16:01 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 31/36] Insert json as type OTHER to allow for coersion to
 column type

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index bd4fb76f7..f47d69919 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -659,10 +659,7 @@ private void setJsonParameter(final ThreadContext context,
         final PreparedStatement statement, final int index,
         final IRubyObject value, final String columnType) throws SQLException {
 
-        final PGobject pgJson = new PGobject();
-        pgJson.setType(columnType);
-        pgJson.setValue(value.toString());
-        statement.setObject(index, pgJson);
+        statement.setObject(index, value.toString(), Types.OTHER);
     }
 
     private void setPGobjectParameter(final PreparedStatement statement, final int index,

From 1831186ca0ce3794b527f1596671b47ad00aac2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 07:41:32 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 32/36] Properly set timezone when setting timestamp params

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index f47d69919..bc63a101f 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ protected void setTimestampParameter(final ThreadContext context,
         final int index, IRubyObject value,
         final IRubyObject attribute, final int type) throws SQLException {
         // PGJDBC uses strings internally anyway, so using Timestamp doesn't do any good
-        String tsString = PgDateTimeUtils.timestampValueToString(context, value, null, true);
+        String tsString = PgDateTimeUtils.timestampValueToString(context, value, getDefaultTimeZone(context), true);
         statement.setObject(index, tsString, Types.OTHER);
     }
 

From c672e9ffd9d45608ddfdec19fd484a47ae351ff4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2026 08:23:50 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 33/36] Disabled marshalling tests that are broken with AR
 format 6.1 + JRuby 10.0.5.0

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../excludes/postgresql/AssociationsExtensionsTest.rb      | 6 ++++++
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb               | 7 +++++++
 .../postgresql/HasAndBelongsToManyAssociationsTest.rb      | 1 +
 .../excludes/postgresql/HasManyThroughAssociationsTest.rb  | 1 +
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/MarshalSerializationTest.rb | 1 +
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/RelationMergingTest.rb      | 1 +
 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/SanitizeTest.rb             | 1 +
 7 files changed, 18 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/AssociationsExtensionsTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasAndBelongsToManyAssociationsTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasManyThroughAssociationsTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/MarshalSerializationTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/RelationMergingTest.rb
 create mode 100644 test/rails/excludes/postgresql/SanitizeTest.rb

diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/AssociationsExtensionsTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/AssociationsExtensionsTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66987968f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/AssociationsExtensionsTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[
+  :test_marshalling_extensions,
+  :test_marshalling_named_extensions
+].each do |name|
+  exclude name, 'Activerecord 6.1 marshalling format is broken with JRuby 10.0.5.0 (cyclic refs with custom marshal) - AR 7.1 marshal works fine'
+end
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
index 393cdaad3..044a91cc5 100644
--- a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/BasicsTest.rb
@@ -5,3 +5,10 @@
 ].each do |name|
   exclude name, 'assuming ENV[TZ] change reflects system (JVM) TimeZone default change'
 end
+
+[
+  :test_marshalling_with_associations_6_1,
+  :test_marshalling_new_record_round_trip_with_associations
+].each do |name|
+  exclude name, 'Activerecord 6.1 marshalling format is broken with JRuby 10.0.5.0 (cyclic refs with custom marshal) - AR 7.1 marshal works fine'
+end
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasAndBelongsToManyAssociationsTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasAndBelongsToManyAssociationsTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bc1dda33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasAndBelongsToManyAssociationsTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_marshal_dump, 'Activerecord 6.1 marshalling format is broken with JRuby 10.0.5.0 (cyclic refs with custom marshal) - AR 7.1 marshal works fine'
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasManyThroughAssociationsTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasManyThroughAssociationsTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bc1dda33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/HasManyThroughAssociationsTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_marshal_dump, 'Activerecord 6.1 marshalling format is broken with JRuby 10.0.5.0 (cyclic refs with custom marshal) - AR 7.1 marshal works fine'
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/MarshalSerializationTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/MarshalSerializationTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd9c58230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/MarshalSerializationTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_rails_6_1_rountrip, 'Activerecord 6.1 marshalling format is broken with JRuby 10.0.5.0 (cyclic refs with custom marshal) - AR 7.1 marshal works fine'
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/RelationMergingTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/RelationMergingTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4f3eb5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/RelationMergingTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_merge_doesnt_duplicate_same_clauses, 'AR looks for $1 when we use ?' if ActiveRecord::Base.lease_connection.prepared_statements
diff --git a/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/SanitizeTest.rb b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/SanitizeTest.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71fa2521b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/excludes/postgresql/SanitizeTest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude :test_sanitize_sql_like_example_use_case, 'AR looks for $1 when we use ?' if ActiveRecord::Base.lease_connection.prepared_statements

From 9accad2c67bbcdcdc654aeff9e59b979e0b30f93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 6 Jun 2026 08:22:20 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 34/36] Monkeypatch to work around bug in prism logger polyfill
 breaking tests

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb  | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 lib/arjdbc/mysql/adapter.rb                   |  1 +
 lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb              |  1 +
 lib/arjdbc/sqlite3/adapter.rb                 |  1 +
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 lib/arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb

diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3af511f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/log_subscriber/test_helper"
+
+# As of prism 1.9.0 (possibly earlier), a polyfill exists to handle logging warnings for ruby impls that lack `category:`.
+# As a result of this injection being a public method (as opposed to CRuby's private version),
+# on at least JRuby 10.0.5.0, MockLogger#method_missing never gets hit, which breaks a number of tests.
+# This monkeypatch adds support to the MockLogger to properly capture these log events in spite of this difference.
+module ActiveSupport
+  class LogSubscriber
+    module TestHelper
+      class MockLogger
+        module JRubyCompat
+          ActiveSupport::Logger::Severity.constants.each do |severity|
+            level = severity.downcase
+            define_method(level) do |message = nil, &block|
+              @logged[level] << (block ? block.call : message)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        prepend JRubyCompat
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/mysql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/mysql/adapter.rb
index 276205b00..06eab0d14 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/mysql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/mysql/adapter.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 require "arjdbc/mysql/adapter_hash_config"
 
 require "arjdbc/abstract/relation_query_attribute_monkey_patch"
+require "arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionAdapters
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
index fa56da676..9a3400732 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/postgresql/adapter.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 require "arjdbc/abstract/relation_query_attribute_monkey_patch"
 require "arjdbc/abstract/time_value_jruby_compat_monkey_patch"
+require "arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch"
 
 module ArJdbc
   # Strives to provide Rails built-in PostgreSQL adapter (API) compatibility.
diff --git a/lib/arjdbc/sqlite3/adapter.rb b/lib/arjdbc/sqlite3/adapter.rb
index b97f73f73..438be21df 100644
--- a/lib/arjdbc/sqlite3/adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/arjdbc/sqlite3/adapter.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 require "arjdbc/sqlite3/pragmas"
 
 require "arjdbc/abstract/relation_query_attribute_monkey_patch"
+require "arjdbc/abstract/mock_logger_jruby_compat_monkey_patch"
 
 module SQLite3
   module Constants

From 7e6d672fe300b804aa96cad437cb43d5fb0eb6dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Sat, 6 Jun 2026 09:48:13 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 35/36] Synchronize ActiveSupport callback registration in
 tests to compensate for a lack of a GIL

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 test/rails/active_support/callbacks.rb | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test/rails/active_support/callbacks.rb

diff --git a/test/rails/active_support/callbacks.rb b/test/rails/active_support/callbacks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82e86f9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rails/active_support/callbacks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Partial workaround for JRuby having no GIL - tests like the reaper etc spuriously fail due to multithreaded test execution
+# assuming a GIL that does not actually exist for JRuby. We really do love non-deterministic multithreaded execution,
+# it never, ever causes random bugs that spuriously fail without any consistent way to reproduce them!
+# Multithreading. Not even once.
+# Do we want to make this happen both in and out of tests? Might be worth considering.
+
+# We want to inject *after* this is loaded, so gonna load it first. There's probably a better way to do this.
+real = $LOAD_PATH
+  .map { |dir| File.expand_path(File.join(dir, "active_support", "callbacks.rb")) }
+  .find { |path| path != File.expand_path(__FILE__) && File.exist?(path) }
+require real
+
+require "monitor"
+
+module ActiveSupport
+  module Callbacks
+    module ClassMethods
+      REGISTRATION_MONITOR = Monitor.new
+
+      module ThreadSafeRegistration
+        def set_callback(*, &block)
+          REGISTRATION_MONITOR.synchronize { super }
+        end
+
+        def skip_callback(*, &block)
+          REGISTRATION_MONITOR.synchronize { super }
+        end
+
+        def reset_callbacks(*)
+          REGISTRATION_MONITOR.synchronize { super }
+        end
+
+        def define_callbacks(*)
+          REGISTRATION_MONITOR.synchronize { super }
+        end
+
+        protected
+          # Publish by atomic reference swap rather than the in-place mutation the
+          # original performs, so unlocked readers never see a torn hash.
+          def set_callbacks(name, callbacks)
+            REGISTRATION_MONITOR.synchronize do
+              new_callbacks = __callbacks.dup
+              new_callbacks[name.to_sym] = callbacks
+              self.__callbacks = new_callbacks
+            end
+          end
+      end
+
+      prepend ThreadSafeRegistration
+    end
+  end
+end

From bbeafdc3c9979002d03c03dae36a5297b6f457d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Silver <andrews@ibsglobalweb.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 11:20:01 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 36/36] Add support for PG bind-param hash in blob params

Signed-off-by: Jesse Chavez <jesse.chavez.r@gmail.com>
---
 .../arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java  | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
index bc63a101f..3dabcc036 100644
--- a/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
+++ b/src/java/arjdbc/postgresql/PostgreSQLRubyJdbcConnection.java
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ protected Integer jdbcTypeForPrimitiveAttribute(final ThreadContext context,
                                                     final IRubyObject attribute) throws SQLException {
         if (attribute instanceof RubyNumeric || attribute instanceof RubyBoolean) {
             return Types.VARCHAR;
+        } else if (attribute instanceof RubyHash) { // Should be a pg-style bind-param hash
+            return Types.BINARY;
         }
         return super.jdbcTypeForPrimitiveAttribute(context, attribute);
     }
@@ -379,8 +381,11 @@ protected void setBlobParameter(final ThreadContext context,
         if ( value instanceof RubyIO ) { // IO/File
             statement.setBinaryStream(index, ((RubyIO) value).getInStream());
         }
-        else { // should be a RubyString
-            final ByteList bytes = value.asString().getByteList();
+        else { // should be a RubyString, or pg-style bind-param hash
+            final IRubyObject binary = value instanceof RubyHash hashValue
+                    ? hashValue.op_aref(context, context.runtime.newSymbol("value"))
+                    : value;
+            final ByteList bytes = binary.asString().getByteList();
             statement.setBinaryStream(index,
                     new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes.unsafeBytes(), bytes.getBegin(), bytes.getRealSize()),
                     bytes.getRealSize() // length