diff --git a/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkConversions.scala b/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkConversions.scala
index eeb726678d4..1e969d458dc 100644
--- a/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkConversions.scala
+++ b/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkConversions.scala
@@ -105,8 +105,32 @@ object SparkConversions {
         org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.set(p.property(), p.value())
       case p: TableChange.RemoveProperty =>
         org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.reset(p.property())
+      case p: TableChange.AddColumn =>
+        if (p.fieldNames().length != 1) {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            s"Adding nested columns is not supported: ${p.fieldNames().mkString(".")}")
+        }
+        if (p.defaultValue() != null) {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            s"Adding column with default value is not supported: ${p.fieldNames().head}")
+        }
+        org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.addColumn(
+          p.fieldNames().head,
+          SparkToFlussTypeVisitor.visit(p.dataType()).copy(p.isNullable()),
+          p.comment(),
+          toFlussColumnPosition(p.position()))
       // TODO Add full support for table changes
       case _ => throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported table change")
     }
   }
+
+  private def toFlussColumnPosition(position: TableChange.ColumnPosition)
+      : org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.ColumnPosition = {
+    position match {
+      case _: TableChange.First => org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.ColumnPosition.first()
+      case p: TableChange.After =>
+        org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.ColumnPosition.after(p.column())
+      case _ => org.apache.fluss.metadata.TableChange.ColumnPosition.last()
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-ut/src/test/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkCatalogTest.scala b/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-ut/src/test/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkCatalogTest.scala
index e30b03baacb..37f76f6ca5b 100644
--- a/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-ut/src/test/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkCatalogTest.scala
+++ b/fluss-spark/fluss-spark-ut/src/test/scala/org/apache/fluss/spark/SparkCatalogTest.scala
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.apache.fluss.exception.InvalidAlterTableException
 import org.apache.fluss.metadata._
 import org.apache.fluss.types.{DataTypes, RowType}
 
+import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.{AnalysisException, Row}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.PartitionsAlreadyExistException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.Identifier
@@ -36,6 +37,87 @@ class SparkCatalogTest extends FlussSparkTestBase {
 
   protected def lakeFormat: Option[DataLakeFormat] = None
 
+  test("Catalog: add columns") {
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id int, name string)")
+
+      // add column without comment, default is nullable and appended at the end
+      sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN age bigint")
+      // add column with comment
+      sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN addr string COMMENT 'address of the user'")
+      checkAnswer(
+        sql("DESC t"),
+        Row("id", "int", null) ::
+          Row("name", "string", null) ::
+          Row("age", "bigint", null) ::
+          Row("addr", "string", null) :: Nil)
+
+      val table = admin.getTableInfo(createTablePath("t")).get()
+      assertThat(table.getRowType.getFieldCount).isEqualTo(4)
+      assertThatList(table.getRowType.getFieldNames).containsExactly("id", "name", "age", "addr")
+      // the comment of the added column should be persisted
+      assertThat(table.getSchema.getColumn("addr").getComment.get).isEqualTo("address of the user")
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Catalog: add columns with unsupported position") {
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id int, name string)")
+
+      // only the last position is supported: FIRST/AFTER fail at the Fluss RPC serialization
+      // layer (ColumnPositionType only knows LAST), surfaced by Spark as a SparkException
+      val firstException = intercept[SparkException] {
+        sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN age bigint FIRST")
+      }
+      assertThat(firstException).hasMessageContaining("Unsupported ColumnPositionType: FIRST")
+      val afterException = intercept[SparkException] {
+        sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN age bigint AFTER id")
+      }
+      assertThat(afterException).hasMessageContaining("Unsupported ColumnPositionType: AFTER")
+
+      val table = admin.getTableInfo(createTablePath("t")).get()
+      assertThatList(table.getRowType.getFieldNames).containsExactly("id", "name")
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Catalog: add non-nullable column is not supported") {
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id int, name string)")
+
+      // fluss only supports adding nullable columns currently, the server rejects the change
+      // and the IllegalArgumentException is wrapped as UnknownServerException over the RPC
+      val notNullException = intercept[ExecutionException] {
+        sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN age bigint NOT NULL")
+      }
+      assertThat(notNullException).hasMessageContaining("Column age must be nullable.")
+
+      val table = admin.getTableInfo(createTablePath("t")).get()
+      assertThatList(table.getRowType.getFieldNames).containsExactly("id", "name")
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Catalog: column default value is not supported") {
+    // Creating a table with a column default value is rejected by Spark, because Fluss does not
+    // implement SupportsColumnDefaultValue.
+    val createException = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id int, name string DEFAULT 'abc')")
+    }
+    assertThat(createException)
+      .hasMessageContaining(
+        "Table `fluss_catalog`.`fluss`.`t` does not support column default value")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id int, name string)")
+
+      // ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN with a DEFAULT clause behaves differently: Spark silently drops
+      // the default value (the catalog does not support it) and still adds a nullable column at
+      // the end.
+      sql("ALTER TABLE t ADD COLUMN age bigint DEFAULT 18")
+      val table = admin.getTableInfo(createTablePath("t")).get()
+      assertThatList(table.getRowType.getFieldNames).containsExactly("id", "name", "age")
+    }
+  }
+
   test("Catalog: namespaces") {
     // Always a default database 'fluss'.
     checkAnswer(sql("SHOW DATABASES"), Row(DEFAULT_DATABASE) :: Nil)